Wally Was Right: Predictive Ability of the North Atlantic “Conveyor Belt” Hypothesis
... 10–100 years) was followed by slow cooling, rapid cooling, and then little change or slow warming. Spacing between successive warmings was variable, but a value near 1500 years is most common (Alley et al. 2001). Broecker dubbed the warm intervals Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events for the pioneering w ...
... 10–100 years) was followed by slow cooling, rapid cooling, and then little change or slow warming. Spacing between successive warmings was variable, but a value near 1500 years is most common (Alley et al. 2001). Broecker dubbed the warm intervals Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events for the pioneering w ...
Rob Lawlor, The Absurdity of Economists` Sacrifice
... This then has implications for the efficiency of transfers that aim to provide individuals with gains to compensate them for their losses. That is, if losses are given more weight than gains, even when they are “objectively commensurate”, and if we want to give people compensation that they will con ...
... This then has implications for the efficiency of transfers that aim to provide individuals with gains to compensate them for their losses. That is, if losses are given more weight than gains, even when they are “objectively commensurate”, and if we want to give people compensation that they will con ...
Climate change projections of precipitation and
... water quality is deteriorating, and water supply and irrigation services are often rationed – with consequences for human health, agricultural productivity, and the environment. According to Roudi-Fahimi and Kent (2007), the MENA region’s population stood at 432 million in 2007, and is projected to ...
... water quality is deteriorating, and water supply and irrigation services are often rationed – with consequences for human health, agricultural productivity, and the environment. According to Roudi-Fahimi and Kent (2007), the MENA region’s population stood at 432 million in 2007, and is projected to ...
Climate change in the Fertile Crescent and implications of the recent
... concentrated along the coast and in northeastern Syria. The longterm drying trend is closely mirrored by recent changes in satellite measurements of groundwater (measured in terms of liquid water equivalent) (Fig. 2C) and, to a lesser extent, by estimates of vegetation changes (Fig. 2D). The annual ...
... concentrated along the coast and in northeastern Syria. The longterm drying trend is closely mirrored by recent changes in satellite measurements of groundwater (measured in terms of liquid water equivalent) (Fig. 2C) and, to a lesser extent, by estimates of vegetation changes (Fig. 2D). The annual ...
Climate modelling in Bangladesh
... and Action Plan (BCCSAP) the adverse impacts of climate change are already being felt in Bangladesh in various sectors. Climate model projections suggest that already committed warming5 will cause these impacts to continue over the next two or three decades, irrespective of what emissions strategy t ...
... and Action Plan (BCCSAP) the adverse impacts of climate change are already being felt in Bangladesh in various sectors. Climate model projections suggest that already committed warming5 will cause these impacts to continue over the next two or three decades, irrespective of what emissions strategy t ...
Results Part A: amount of appearances
... change refers to a change of climate that is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and that is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.” (IPCC, n.d.) This definition of the IPCC directly menti ...
... change refers to a change of climate that is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere and that is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time periods.” (IPCC, n.d.) This definition of the IPCC directly menti ...
Climate Variability and Change with Implications for Transportation
... increase at a sharp rate. On the other hand, the B1 scenario shows dramatically reduced atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations stabilizing around 550ppm at the end of the 21st century. It should be noted that these emission scenarios do not include a dramatic increase in CO2 or methane which migh ...
... increase at a sharp rate. On the other hand, the B1 scenario shows dramatically reduced atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations stabilizing around 550ppm at the end of the 21st century. It should be noted that these emission scenarios do not include a dramatic increase in CO2 or methane which migh ...
Background Report on ICTs and Climate Change
... The Kyoto and London events led to the establishment of an ITU-T Focus Group on ICTs & Climate Change by TSAG in July 2008. The Focus Group analyzed and identified gaps in the areas of definitions and developed agreed methodologies and appropriate tools to measure the impact of ICTs on climate chang ...
... The Kyoto and London events led to the establishment of an ITU-T Focus Group on ICTs & Climate Change by TSAG in July 2008. The Focus Group analyzed and identified gaps in the areas of definitions and developed agreed methodologies and appropriate tools to measure the impact of ICTs on climate chang ...
Co2 calcs 4-11 v - Digging in the Clay
... The isolation of the few An opt-out by the USA leaves the European Union, Australia, New Zealand and a few others, (only about 15% of World emissions), isolated in their continuing adherence to the Manmade Global Warming assertion. The remaining “Rest of the World” Nations, (~20% of world emissions ...
... The isolation of the few An opt-out by the USA leaves the European Union, Australia, New Zealand and a few others, (only about 15% of World emissions), isolated in their continuing adherence to the Manmade Global Warming assertion. The remaining “Rest of the World” Nations, (~20% of world emissions ...
1264010 - Advanced DGEF Database Information System
... acidification is likely to occur with some dramatic consequences to the balance of marine and coastal biodiversity. Climate variability in the Mediterranean, is controlled by physical processes responsible at both the local, such as changes in the surface properties and land use, and global such as ...
... acidification is likely to occur with some dramatic consequences to the balance of marine and coastal biodiversity. Climate variability in the Mediterranean, is controlled by physical processes responsible at both the local, such as changes in the surface properties and land use, and global such as ...
National Sustainable Materials Management Action Plan
... Contribute to NRC National SMM Action Plan prepared based on the Summit ...
... Contribute to NRC National SMM Action Plan prepared based on the Summit ...
14 Historic and Likely Future Impacts of Climate Change on Lake
... of climate warming on the temperature regime of boreal and temperate-zone lakes are consistent with these observations, predicting increased summer stratification, greater temperature increases in the epilimnion than in the hypolimnion, and increased length of the ice-free season (Elo et al . 1998; ...
... of climate warming on the temperature regime of boreal and temperate-zone lakes are consistent with these observations, predicting increased summer stratification, greater temperature increases in the epilimnion than in the hypolimnion, and increased length of the ice-free season (Elo et al . 1998; ...
- Eionet Forum
... pressure data set. Climate Res., 14, 71–73. Andersson, C., Langner, J., and Bergström, R., 2007, Interannual variationand trends in air pollution over Europe due to Climate variability during 1958-2001 simulated with a regional CTM coupled to the ERA40 reanalysis, Tellus, 59B, 77-98 Bengtsson, L., K ...
... pressure data set. Climate Res., 14, 71–73. Andersson, C., Langner, J., and Bergström, R., 2007, Interannual variationand trends in air pollution over Europe due to Climate variability during 1958-2001 simulated with a regional CTM coupled to the ERA40 reanalysis, Tellus, 59B, 77-98 Bengtsson, L., K ...
IELRC.ORG - Cultural Legitimacy and Regulatory Transitions for
... provision in services such as health, water, food and others are highly dependent on geographic location. Consequently, coping with climate change impacts will depend on the nations in which citizens find themselves. For example, the ability of the government of Malawi to provision these public serv ...
... provision in services such as health, water, food and others are highly dependent on geographic location. Consequently, coping with climate change impacts will depend on the nations in which citizens find themselves. For example, the ability of the government of Malawi to provision these public serv ...
Impacts Second National Communications
... climate change into their areas of work - Changes in legislation or specific regulations to address climate change at national or local levels - Concrete efforts to address climate change at a broader level, for instance joint initiative to address climate risks management and ...
... climate change into their areas of work - Changes in legislation or specific regulations to address climate change at national or local levels - Concrete efforts to address climate change at a broader level, for instance joint initiative to address climate risks management and ...
Case Study The Belgian coast
... since the second half of the 19th century to protect the coastal infrastructure and the hinterland polders form regular flooding by the sea. This section will examine the evolution and processes the Belgian coastline has been subjected to what she is today. The Belgian coastline is a densely populat ...
... since the second half of the 19th century to protect the coastal infrastructure and the hinterland polders form regular flooding by the sea. This section will examine the evolution and processes the Belgian coastline has been subjected to what she is today. The Belgian coastline is a densely populat ...
Farmers and Climate Change: A Cross
... New Zealand’s average temperatures have increased by 0.9 °C over the last century and are expected to continue increasing (Clark et al. 2012; Ministry of Environment 2008). Rainfall patterns are projected to change at regional levels with a general trend toward decreasing annual rainfall in the east ...
... New Zealand’s average temperatures have increased by 0.9 °C over the last century and are expected to continue increasing (Clark et al. 2012; Ministry of Environment 2008). Rainfall patterns are projected to change at regional levels with a general trend toward decreasing annual rainfall in the east ...
Document
... • Scales: Cloud Resolving/Mesoscale/Regional/Global – Global= General Circulation Models (GCM’s) Gettelman: November 2006 ...
... • Scales: Cloud Resolving/Mesoscale/Regional/Global – Global= General Circulation Models (GCM’s) Gettelman: November 2006 ...
All flavours of El Niño have similar early subsurface origins - e
... The El Niño/Southern Oscillation phenomenon, characterized by anomalous sea surface temperatures and winds in the tropical Pacific, affects climate across the globe1 . El Niños occur every 2–7 years, whereas the El Niño/Southern Oscillation itself varies on decadal timescales in frequency and amplit ...
... The El Niño/Southern Oscillation phenomenon, characterized by anomalous sea surface temperatures and winds in the tropical Pacific, affects climate across the globe1 . El Niños occur every 2–7 years, whereas the El Niño/Southern Oscillation itself varies on decadal timescales in frequency and amplit ...
Sep 6, 2014 - Science and Environmental Policy Project
... Photosynthesis: On September 4, the Minority Staff of the US Senate Environment and Public Works Committee released a remarkable document for Washington on global warming/climate change. Critical Thinking on Climate Change: Empirical Evidence to Consider Before Taking Regulatory Action and Implement ...
... Photosynthesis: On September 4, the Minority Staff of the US Senate Environment and Public Works Committee released a remarkable document for Washington on global warming/climate change. Critical Thinking on Climate Change: Empirical Evidence to Consider Before Taking Regulatory Action and Implement ...
Chapter 4 Climate change and its implications for catastrophe
... Atlantic basin and Japan. Whilst this cannot be attributed to climate change, it demonstrates the possibility of multiple catastrophic events in different countries within a relatively short time period. These patterns of natural climate variability can lead to an accumulation of seemingly unrelated ...
... Atlantic basin and Japan. Whilst this cannot be attributed to climate change, it demonstrates the possibility of multiple catastrophic events in different countries within a relatively short time period. These patterns of natural climate variability can lead to an accumulation of seemingly unrelated ...
The Relationship of Cloud Cover to Near
... daily cloud–temperature associations in the cold season among all models tested, but large discrepancies between empirical data and some models are found for summer conditions. A correct reproduction of the diurnal cycle of cloud–temperature associations in the warm season is still a major challenge ...
... daily cloud–temperature associations in the cold season among all models tested, but large discrepancies between empirical data and some models are found for summer conditions. A correct reproduction of the diurnal cycle of cloud–temperature associations in the warm season is still a major challenge ...
Massachusetts Climate Protection Plan
... energy independence, and cleaner air. Carbon dioxide emissions per capita in Massachusetts may be lower than the national average, with the state emitting 1.9% of the total CO2 emitted in the U.S. while housing 2.4% of the population, but it is still a comparatively large amount of the world’s GHG e ...
... energy independence, and cleaner air. Carbon dioxide emissions per capita in Massachusetts may be lower than the national average, with the state emitting 1.9% of the total CO2 emitted in the U.S. while housing 2.4% of the population, but it is still a comparatively large amount of the world’s GHG e ...
Climate change impacts on snow water availability in the Euphrates
... ble mean) of 38 % for the A2 aggressive climate change scenario occurred later in the century. Associated with decreasing snow water availability and the shift in increased evapotranspiration over the seasonal precipitation, average total basin reservoir storage and average hydropower production gen ...
... ble mean) of 38 % for the A2 aggressive climate change scenario occurred later in the century. Associated with decreasing snow water availability and the shift in increased evapotranspiration over the seasonal precipitation, average total basin reservoir storage and average hydropower production gen ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.