Producing the Climate: States, Scientists, and the
... sinks by expanding the climate to include new greenhouse gases and land-use practices. Scientists and experts created knowledge that would not exist in the form it does today, if at all, without state influence. Thus, the landscape of problems and objects that structures international politics is no ...
... sinks by expanding the climate to include new greenhouse gases and land-use practices. Scientists and experts created knowledge that would not exist in the form it does today, if at all, without state influence. Thus, the landscape of problems and objects that structures international politics is no ...
How closely do changes in surface and column water vapor follow
... scaling over ocean. But there are widespread decreases in surface relative humidity over land (by more than 1% K−1 in many regions), and it is argued that decreases of this magnitude could result from the land/ocean contrast in surface warming. Keywords: water vapor, climate change, global warming, ...
... scaling over ocean. But there are widespread decreases in surface relative humidity over land (by more than 1% K−1 in many regions), and it is argued that decreases of this magnitude could result from the land/ocean contrast in surface warming. Keywords: water vapor, climate change, global warming, ...
Global warming in the American mind
... warming, strong bipartisan support for international treaties and national mitigation policies, and strong opposition to higher energy or gasoline prices to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Relatively few Americans have undertaken individual mitigation behaviors. While global warming does have negat ...
... warming, strong bipartisan support for international treaties and national mitigation policies, and strong opposition to higher energy or gasoline prices to reduce greenhouse gas emissions. Relatively few Americans have undertaken individual mitigation behaviors. While global warming does have negat ...
Earth Overshoot Day Contents
... how many of us there are, and 4) how much nature is able to produce. Technology and more intensive inputs have helped expand biological productivity over the years, but that expansion has not come close to keeping pace with the rate at which population and resource demand have expanded. Global Foot ...
... how many of us there are, and 4) how much nature is able to produce. Technology and more intensive inputs have helped expand biological productivity over the years, but that expansion has not come close to keeping pace with the rate at which population and resource demand have expanded. Global Foot ...
Climate Conventions and Africa/Ethiopia - EfD
... one of the first victims, given the history of droughts, the fact that about 85% of its population depends on rain-fed agriculture, and that the country is landlocked. Fundamentally, there are two choices to deal with the problem of climate change: mitigation and/or adaptation. Mitigation refers to ...
... one of the first victims, given the history of droughts, the fact that about 85% of its population depends on rain-fed agriculture, and that the country is landlocked. Fundamentally, there are two choices to deal with the problem of climate change: mitigation and/or adaptation. Mitigation refers to ...
besugo NAO-authors - Instituto Español de Oceanografía
... Fisheries are an important source of food and income for many local communities, and their value as a source of animal protein was recently emphasized in a Food and Agriculture Organization report (FAO, 2010). Sev� eral studies (e.g. Thurstan et al., 2010) have suggested that over the last decade, 8 ...
... Fisheries are an important source of food and income for many local communities, and their value as a source of animal protein was recently emphasized in a Food and Agriculture Organization report (FAO, 2010). Sev� eral studies (e.g. Thurstan et al., 2010) have suggested that over the last decade, 8 ...
Fossil Free NUIG: - NUI Galway Students` Union
... I was born in 1990, the year Mary Robinson was elected our first female President and Nelson Mandela was freed after 26 years in prison. These were positive, hopeful and progressive developments. But in the same year, the amount of carbon dioxide accumulated in the atmosphere reached 350 parts per m ...
... I was born in 1990, the year Mary Robinson was elected our first female President and Nelson Mandela was freed after 26 years in prison. These were positive, hopeful and progressive developments. But in the same year, the amount of carbon dioxide accumulated in the atmosphere reached 350 parts per m ...
Development of a metamodel tool for regional integrated climate
... breadth of the coloured uncertainty bands on the slider bars conveys clearly that different values (and the assumptions behind them) are likely to give rise to differing outcomes which the User can rapidly explore due to the rapid run times Integrated, regional assessment represents a powerful tool ...
... breadth of the coloured uncertainty bands on the slider bars conveys clearly that different values (and the assumptions behind them) are likely to give rise to differing outcomes which the User can rapidly explore due to the rapid run times Integrated, regional assessment represents a powerful tool ...
Extreme Events
... resolution of the Climate Futures for Tasmania simulations means that steep ridgelines may not be captured, so the resulting rain shadow on the downwind side of the ridge is not represented in the simulation. For studying many climate indices, most climate simulations need to be ‘bias‑adjusted’. Thi ...
... resolution of the Climate Futures for Tasmania simulations means that steep ridgelines may not be captured, so the resulting rain shadow on the downwind side of the ridge is not represented in the simulation. For studying many climate indices, most climate simulations need to be ‘bias‑adjusted’. Thi ...
The Perils of Modelling How Migration Responds to Climate Change
... The impact of climate change has drawn growing interests from both researchers and policymakers. Yet, relatively little is known with respect to its influence on interregional migration. The surge of extreme weather conditions could lead to the increase of forced migration from coastal to inland reg ...
... The impact of climate change has drawn growing interests from both researchers and policymakers. Yet, relatively little is known with respect to its influence on interregional migration. The surge of extreme weather conditions could lead to the increase of forced migration from coastal to inland reg ...
PDF - 15.64MB - RTCC - Responding to Climate Change
... The third pillar is formed by those actions that require financial and technological resources… where the climate is concerned – the two domains are not unconnected – we need to guarantee fulfilment of the commitment given in Copenhagen in 2009 to raise every year over the period to 2020, as a prior ...
... The third pillar is formed by those actions that require financial and technological resources… where the climate is concerned – the two domains are not unconnected – we need to guarantee fulfilment of the commitment given in Copenhagen in 2009 to raise every year over the period to 2020, as a prior ...
An Analysis of Black Carbon Mitigation as a Response to Climate
... combustion. Other by-products are also formed including organic carbon and brown carbon.22 These three substances are differentiated in one regard by their light absorbing properties. Black carbon absorbs all wave lengths, organic carbon scatters light, and brown carbon has light absorbing propertie ...
... combustion. Other by-products are also formed including organic carbon and brown carbon.22 These three substances are differentiated in one regard by their light absorbing properties. Black carbon absorbs all wave lengths, organic carbon scatters light, and brown carbon has light absorbing propertie ...
NG-ACCESS
... near 5% of GDP or over AUD65B. Health, emergency management, defence, water security, energy, agriculture, mining, and coastal communities all represent domains with particular and significant residual vulnerabilities. Recent high impact weather manifested through the Black Saturday bushfire event o ...
... near 5% of GDP or over AUD65B. Health, emergency management, defence, water security, energy, agriculture, mining, and coastal communities all represent domains with particular and significant residual vulnerabilities. Recent high impact weather manifested through the Black Saturday bushfire event o ...
Downloadable Full Text - DSpace@MIT
... particular, are favored in high shear environments. Moist enthalpy, combining temperature and moisture content, near Earth’s surface has been increasing in recent decades (Peterson et al. 2011). By itself, this would lead to an increase in thunderstorms, but changes above Earth’s surface could reduc ...
... particular, are favored in high shear environments. Moist enthalpy, combining temperature and moisture content, near Earth’s surface has been increasing in recent decades (Peterson et al. 2011). By itself, this would lead to an increase in thunderstorms, but changes above Earth’s surface could reduc ...
Global urban land-use trends and climate impacts
... the urbanization process often increases vegetation. The role of the urban heat island on regional and global climate has been the subject of numerous investigations [48–53]. However, the role of urban land-use on climate extends well beyond the UHI. Human activities associated with urban land-use ( ...
... the urbanization process often increases vegetation. The role of the urban heat island on regional and global climate has been the subject of numerous investigations [48–53]. However, the role of urban land-use on climate extends well beyond the UHI. Human activities associated with urban land-use ( ...
1/ Format an contents of the « National overview…
... Mediterranean coastline are already evident, reflected by an increased mortality of some species, changes in species reproductive biology during warm years, and an increase of exotic species arrivals. The projected climate change under IPCC scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions, together with foreca ...
... Mediterranean coastline are already evident, reflected by an increased mortality of some species, changes in species reproductive biology during warm years, and an increase of exotic species arrivals. The projected climate change under IPCC scenarios of greenhouse gas emissions, together with foreca ...
Climate, Carbon and Coral Reefs
... increased by about 35 per cent in the industrial era, and this increase is known to be due to human activities, primarily the combustion of fossil fuels and removal of forests. In 2005, the concentration of carbon dioxide exceeded the natural range that has existed over 650 000 years (AR4). Evidence ...
... increased by about 35 per cent in the industrial era, and this increase is known to be due to human activities, primarily the combustion of fossil fuels and removal of forests. In 2005, the concentration of carbon dioxide exceeded the natural range that has existed over 650 000 years (AR4). Evidence ...
The Potential Conseque
... irrigated land in the region fell by 8% from 1982 to 1992, although acreage may have increased in recent years (USDA, 1997). Total water use in the region appears to have been declining since 1980 (Templin, 1999). See Color Plate Appendix. ...
... irrigated land in the region fell by 8% from 1982 to 1992, although acreage may have increased in recent years (USDA, 1997). Total water use in the region appears to have been declining since 1980 (Templin, 1999). See Color Plate Appendix. ...
Antarctic precipitation and climate-change predictions: horizontal
... kg m–2 a–1 and R the meridional resolution in degrees. However, this tendency is largely due to the contribution of the coarsest models. When limited to the models with resolution finer than 38, no significant trend is found (Fig. 1). Figure 2 shows the model precipitation change through the 21st ce ...
... kg m–2 a–1 and R the meridional resolution in degrees. However, this tendency is largely due to the contribution of the coarsest models. When limited to the models with resolution finer than 38, no significant trend is found (Fig. 1). Figure 2 shows the model precipitation change through the 21st ce ...
PDF
... Moxnes and Van der Heijden (2003) is an early example for the standard result of leadership in public good experiments, which is described here since it was framed as a game on climate change. Since then, a number of authors have shed more light on why and how this result arises. Some of these resul ...
... Moxnes and Van der Heijden (2003) is an early example for the standard result of leadership in public good experiments, which is described here since it was framed as a game on climate change. Since then, a number of authors have shed more light on why and how this result arises. Some of these resul ...
Climate Change Is Harming Our Health
... Most Americans are not aware of the health harms of climate change. A recent survey showed that most Americans have not considered how global warming might affect people’s health, and few (32%) can name a specific way in which climate change is harming our health. Few are aware that some groups of A ...
... Most Americans are not aware of the health harms of climate change. A recent survey showed that most Americans have not considered how global warming might affect people’s health, and few (32%) can name a specific way in which climate change is harming our health. Few are aware that some groups of A ...
1 Darrel Moellendorf Forthcoming in Dominic Roser and Jennifer
... the Parties of the UNFCCC, the member states decided to accept the mitigation goal of limiting mean surface temperature increase to 2°C above pre-industrial times. The most recent report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) summarizes the current understanding of the relationship ...
... the Parties of the UNFCCC, the member states decided to accept the mitigation goal of limiting mean surface temperature increase to 2°C above pre-industrial times. The most recent report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) summarizes the current understanding of the relationship ...
Bunker Fuels and the Kyoto Protocol How ICAO and the IMO Failed
... from the containers used to store fuel onboard or in ports. The name subsequently came to be applied to aviation fuel as well. There was considerable discussion of bunker fuels at the Earth Summit in Rio in 1994 and in the years thereafter given the international character of the bulk of these emiss ...
... from the containers used to store fuel onboard or in ports. The name subsequently came to be applied to aviation fuel as well. There was considerable discussion of bunker fuels at the Earth Summit in Rio in 1994 and in the years thereafter given the international character of the bulk of these emiss ...
CARBON NEUTRALITY BY 2020:
... IPCC, Fourth Assessment Report, Working Group I, 2007 According to the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is an “unequivocal” fact that Earth’s temperature is rising. Humans have been witness to this change and it is well documented. S ...
... IPCC, Fourth Assessment Report, Working Group I, 2007 According to the 2007 Fourth Assessment Report published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is an “unequivocal” fact that Earth’s temperature is rising. Humans have been witness to this change and it is well documented. S ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.