Bunker Fuels and the Kyoto Protocol How ICAO and the IMO Failed
... from the containers used to store fuel onboard or in ports. The name subsequently came to be applied to aviation fuel as well. There was considerable discussion of bunker fuels at the Earth Summit in Rio in 1994 and in the years thereafter given the international character of the bulk of these emiss ...
... from the containers used to store fuel onboard or in ports. The name subsequently came to be applied to aviation fuel as well. There was considerable discussion of bunker fuels at the Earth Summit in Rio in 1994 and in the years thereafter given the international character of the bulk of these emiss ...
1 Darrel Moellendorf Forthcoming in Dominic Roser and Jennifer
... the Parties of the UNFCCC, the member states decided to accept the mitigation goal of limiting mean surface temperature increase to 2°C above pre-industrial times. The most recent report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) summarizes the current understanding of the relationship ...
... the Parties of the UNFCCC, the member states decided to accept the mitigation goal of limiting mean surface temperature increase to 2°C above pre-industrial times. The most recent report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) summarizes the current understanding of the relationship ...
Format PDF press here
... The summer is dry and hot, the winter is humid and mild. The upper panel of Fig. 124 shows the sea-level pressure for the region of the North Atlantic, Europe and Mediterranean for December–January–Feburary as described in the ERA-15 dataset. The remarkable structure of this figure is the Icelandic ...
... The summer is dry and hot, the winter is humid and mild. The upper panel of Fig. 124 shows the sea-level pressure for the region of the North Atlantic, Europe and Mediterranean for December–January–Feburary as described in the ERA-15 dataset. The remarkable structure of this figure is the Icelandic ...
Analyzing Vulnerability of the Belize Coastal Tourism Sector
... 3. Development of vulnerability indicators The development of indicators to assess various dimensions of climate change is also a recent and emerging area of study. One of the most definitive discourses of such indicators comes from the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change Report (IPCC 2007), ...
... 3. Development of vulnerability indicators The development of indicators to assess various dimensions of climate change is also a recent and emerging area of study. One of the most definitive discourses of such indicators comes from the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change Report (IPCC 2007), ...
Adaptation to climate change in Israel
... Adaptation to the adverse effects of climate change is vital in order to reduce its impacts. Therefore, the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change have identified adaptation as “one of the five key building blocks” required to strengthen future response to climate chang ...
... Adaptation to the adverse effects of climate change is vital in order to reduce its impacts. Therefore, the Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change have identified adaptation as “one of the five key building blocks” required to strengthen future response to climate chang ...
5. Determining vulnerability to climate change
... 3. Development of vulnerability indicators The development of indicators to assess various dimensions of climate change is also a recent and emerging area of study. One of the most definitive discourses of such indicators comes from the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change Report (IPCC 2007), ...
... 3. Development of vulnerability indicators The development of indicators to assess various dimensions of climate change is also a recent and emerging area of study. One of the most definitive discourses of such indicators comes from the Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change Report (IPCC 2007), ...
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... extrapolated to developing countries.” It goes on to state that “analysis of economic and social issues related to climate change, especially in developing countries where little work of this nature has been carried out, is a high priority for research.” [IPCC (1995b)] Accurate measurement of the co ...
... extrapolated to developing countries.” It goes on to state that “analysis of economic and social issues related to climate change, especially in developing countries where little work of this nature has been carried out, is a high priority for research.” [IPCC (1995b)] Accurate measurement of the co ...
Source IPCC 2012
... extreme climatic events is far less than prediction of dryness. • Although these events are local and statistically much harder to predict on large scale (territory, timeframe), the climate science is now able to predict an increased occurrence for both types of extreme • See: IPCC 2012, Managing th ...
... extreme climatic events is far less than prediction of dryness. • Although these events are local and statistically much harder to predict on large scale (territory, timeframe), the climate science is now able to predict an increased occurrence for both types of extreme • See: IPCC 2012, Managing th ...
Scientific Facts on Arctic Climate Change
... 2.3.1 While most analyses of climate impacts focus on scenarios of steady gradual warming, there is a possibility that the warming could trigger abrupt changes in climate. The mechanisms that underlie such potential abrupt changes are not adequately taken into account by current climate models, whic ...
... 2.3.1 While most analyses of climate impacts focus on scenarios of steady gradual warming, there is a possibility that the warming could trigger abrupt changes in climate. The mechanisms that underlie such potential abrupt changes are not adequately taken into account by current climate models, whic ...
Pan-Arctic Climate and Land Cover Trends Derived from Multi
... The high latitude regions of the northern hemisphere have been undergoing significant changes during the last few decades [1–4]. The arctic regions are highly vulnerable to modifications in the climate system and are influenced by changes in temperature and precipitation regimes, as well as snow and ...
... The high latitude regions of the northern hemisphere have been undergoing significant changes during the last few decades [1–4]. The arctic regions are highly vulnerable to modifications in the climate system and are influenced by changes in temperature and precipitation regimes, as well as snow and ...
“Smart Climate Change” for Professional Societies Workshop WORKSHOP REPORT
... There are 3 options that Kenya has in terms of enacting climate smart legislation: Dedicated framework legislation - this provides obligations for sectors to perform; Dedicated substantive legislation - this creates hardcore standards most of which take long to fulfill, for example emission targ ...
... There are 3 options that Kenya has in terms of enacting climate smart legislation: Dedicated framework legislation - this provides obligations for sectors to perform; Dedicated substantive legislation - this creates hardcore standards most of which take long to fulfill, for example emission targ ...
Climate change policies and the WTO: Greening the GATT
... Home could impose higher customs duties against polluting goods instead of adjusting domestic taxes at the border, as discussed by Fischer in her chapter in this book. But to do so, it would have to enter sub-classifications in the headings at the 10- or 12-digit level to distinguish the tariff trea ...
... Home could impose higher customs duties against polluting goods instead of adjusting domestic taxes at the border, as discussed by Fischer in her chapter in this book. But to do so, it would have to enter sub-classifications in the headings at the 10- or 12-digit level to distinguish the tariff trea ...
1 OCTOBER TERM, 2006 Syllabus
... matter which is emitted into or otherwise enters the am bient air.” §7602(g). “Welfare” is also defined broadly: among other things, it includes “effects on . . . weather . . . and climate.” §7602(h). When Congress enacted these provisions, the study of climate change was in its infancy.8 In 1959, s ...
... matter which is emitted into or otherwise enters the am bient air.” §7602(g). “Welfare” is also defined broadly: among other things, it includes “effects on . . . weather . . . and climate.” §7602(h). When Congress enacted these provisions, the study of climate change was in its infancy.8 In 1959, s ...
beyond reaction
... mitigate the risks they face while directly or indirectly dumping those risks on people with far less capacity to cope. Oxfam briefing paper, No accident: resilience and the inequality of risk, ...
... mitigate the risks they face while directly or indirectly dumping those risks on people with far less capacity to cope. Oxfam briefing paper, No accident: resilience and the inequality of risk, ...
Marine Ecosystem Sensitivity to Climate Change Raymond C. Smith
... records provide a relatively short time series compared to the instrumental records from more temperate regions of the world, which span more than 100 years. Both warming and cooling trends have been reported for some Antarctic continental regions (Rogers 1983, Taylor et al. 1990, Weatherly et al. 1 ...
... records provide a relatively short time series compared to the instrumental records from more temperate regions of the world, which span more than 100 years. Both warming and cooling trends have been reported for some Antarctic continental regions (Rogers 1983, Taylor et al. 1990, Weatherly et al. 1 ...
Paulo Nobre
... • To build an Earth System Model in Brazil, from state of the art component models in the nation and abroad: 1. To incorporate expert knowledge about ocean-iceatmosphere-biosphere interactions of relevance to Brazil; 2. To provide the scientific foundations of global climate change scenarios for mit ...
... • To build an Earth System Model in Brazil, from state of the art component models in the nation and abroad: 1. To incorporate expert knowledge about ocean-iceatmosphere-biosphere interactions of relevance to Brazil; 2. To provide the scientific foundations of global climate change scenarios for mit ...
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... oceans store large amounts of carbon, and so do plants, soil, and deposits of coal, oil, and natural gas deep underground. Carbon constantly moves from one part of the Earth to another through a natural repeating pattern called the carbon cycle. The carbon cycle helps to maintain a balanced level of ...
... oceans store large amounts of carbon, and so do plants, soil, and deposits of coal, oil, and natural gas deep underground. Carbon constantly moves from one part of the Earth to another through a natural repeating pattern called the carbon cycle. The carbon cycle helps to maintain a balanced level of ...
Adaptation for Climate Change in the Coastal Sector of Saint Lucia
... days and hot nights with that of cool days and cool nights decreasing. 17 An overall warming of between 1 and 5oC or greater is expected, depending on the scenario used, and this warming far exceeds natural variability.18 It is also expected that the wet season will be dryer!. 19 Climate change will ...
... days and hot nights with that of cool days and cool nights decreasing. 17 An overall warming of between 1 and 5oC or greater is expected, depending on the scenario used, and this warming far exceeds natural variability.18 It is also expected that the wet season will be dryer!. 19 Climate change will ...
Vulnerability to climate change and adaptation strategies of local
... have they been affected by it? To what extent do local climate change adaptation projects increase the women’s adaptive capacity? Evidence is drawn from a case study of the Lake Chilwa Basin Climate Change Adaptation Programme (LCBCCAP) and its women fish-processing groups (WFPGs). Most important, t ...
... have they been affected by it? To what extent do local climate change adaptation projects increase the women’s adaptive capacity? Evidence is drawn from a case study of the Lake Chilwa Basin Climate Change Adaptation Programme (LCBCCAP) and its women fish-processing groups (WFPGs). Most important, t ...
1 OCTOBER TERM, 2006 Syllabus
... matter which is emitted into or otherwise enters the am bient air.” §7602(g). “Welfare” is also defined broadly: among other things, it includes “effects on . . . weather . . . and climate.” §7602(h). When Congress enacted these provisions, the study of climate change was in its infancy.8 In 1959, s ...
... matter which is emitted into or otherwise enters the am bient air.” §7602(g). “Welfare” is also defined broadly: among other things, it includes “effects on . . . weather . . . and climate.” §7602(h). When Congress enacted these provisions, the study of climate change was in its infancy.8 In 1959, s ...
STRIVE Elucidating the Impact of Report Series No.52
... � Quantifying Ireland’s emissions of greenhouse gases in the context of our Kyoto commitments. � Implementing the Emissions Trading Directive, involving over 100 companies who are major generators of carbon dioxide in Ireland. ...
... � Quantifying Ireland’s emissions of greenhouse gases in the context of our Kyoto commitments. � Implementing the Emissions Trading Directive, involving over 100 companies who are major generators of carbon dioxide in Ireland. ...
challenges in quantifying changes in the global water cycle
... Fig. 1. (left) Projected global-mean precipitation change (mm day–1) against global-mean 2-m air temperature change (K) from CMIP5 models for four RCP scenarios. Values are means over successive decades between 2006 and 2095 and all ensemble members of each model. Anomalies are relative to mean val ...
... Fig. 1. (left) Projected global-mean precipitation change (mm day–1) against global-mean 2-m air temperature change (K) from CMIP5 models for four RCP scenarios. Values are means over successive decades between 2006 and 2095 and all ensemble members of each model. Anomalies are relative to mean val ...
Climate and Culture - George Mason University
... global arena, and it is changing the way local events are framed and understood. For anthropologists to neglect it would be unthinkable (Milton 2008, p. 57). ...
... global arena, and it is changing the way local events are framed and understood. For anthropologists to neglect it would be unthinkable (Milton 2008, p. 57). ...
What to Do about Climate Change Executive Summary by Indur M. Goklany
... Cross country data also indicate that for a fixed level of economic development, these indicators of human and environmental wellbeing (e.g., malnutrition, mortality rates, life expectancy, access to safe water, crop yields, and so forth) improve with time (because technology almost inevitably impro ...
... Cross country data also indicate that for a fixed level of economic development, these indicators of human and environmental wellbeing (e.g., malnutrition, mortality rates, life expectancy, access to safe water, crop yields, and so forth) improve with time (because technology almost inevitably impro ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.