MO House Testimony May 29 2014 Final
... interest to policy makers. SREX provides an example of such a report but the process could be slimmed down further. Potential topics could include an updated look at sea level rise with a special attention to the role of ice sheets; a close examination of the potential for a large release of methane ...
... interest to policy makers. SREX provides an example of such a report but the process could be slimmed down further. Potential topics could include an updated look at sea level rise with a special attention to the role of ice sheets; a close examination of the potential for a large release of methane ...
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... Just before the Holocene, SSTs increased by 3.5–4.0°C during the last two glacial–interglacial transitions, synchronous with the global increase in atmospheric CO2 and Antarctic warming, but the temperature increase occurred 2000–3000 years before the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets melted46. Deglaci ...
... Just before the Holocene, SSTs increased by 3.5–4.0°C during the last two glacial–interglacial transitions, synchronous with the global increase in atmospheric CO2 and Antarctic warming, but the temperature increase occurred 2000–3000 years before the Northern Hemisphere ice sheets melted46. Deglaci ...
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... by and integrally involved in the climate system. Climate and its building block, weather, extend from the uppermost reaches of Earth’s atmosphere into the oceans, lakes, streams, soil, fields, forests and rocks. Climate and weather have been molding the Earth’s surface through long-term variations ...
... by and integrally involved in the climate system. Climate and its building block, weather, extend from the uppermost reaches of Earth’s atmosphere into the oceans, lakes, streams, soil, fields, forests and rocks. Climate and weather have been molding the Earth’s surface through long-term variations ...
Draft 1:Layout 1.qxd - Defenders of Wildlife
... communities around the world. However, changes are expected to accelerate through at least the next century. The Pacific Northwest region is expected to experience an additional 1-5°F of warming by 2050.2 Temperature predictions beyond 2050 are less certain because they depend largely on future tren ...
... communities around the world. However, changes are expected to accelerate through at least the next century. The Pacific Northwest region is expected to experience an additional 1-5°F of warming by 2050.2 Temperature predictions beyond 2050 are less certain because they depend largely on future tren ...
Aviation and Climate Change – the continuing
... Recently, passenger numbers have been on an upward trend following a decline around 2008/2009 (Figure 1), with monthly passenger kilometres for September 2014 in the region of 510 billion (IATA 2014). Emphasising the link between the state of economies and demand for aviation, as of September 2014, ...
... Recently, passenger numbers have been on an upward trend following a decline around 2008/2009 (Figure 1), with monthly passenger kilometres for September 2014 in the region of 510 billion (IATA 2014). Emphasising the link between the state of economies and demand for aviation, as of September 2014, ...
Climate Change Essentials
... pre-industrial levels”. As the British Met Office reports that global temperatures for 2015 are on track to be 1.02°C above the 1850-1900 average, there is a sense that the window is quickly closing for collective action on climate change. With the adoption of the Paris Agreement, countries have com ...
... pre-industrial levels”. As the British Met Office reports that global temperatures for 2015 are on track to be 1.02°C above the 1850-1900 average, there is a sense that the window is quickly closing for collective action on climate change. With the adoption of the Paris Agreement, countries have com ...
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... The climate variability has a direct influence on the quantity and quality of agricultural output. In response to changing climate, adaptation is becoming an urgent priority because large reductions in negative impacts of climate change are feasible when adaptation is fully implemented. This study i ...
... The climate variability has a direct influence on the quantity and quality of agricultural output. In response to changing climate, adaptation is becoming an urgent priority because large reductions in negative impacts of climate change are feasible when adaptation is fully implemented. This study i ...
The influence of climate change on flood risks in France
... flood losses is still out of reach, especially at local scale, but that future national-scale losses may change significantly over this century, requiring policy changes in terms of risk management and land-use planning. ...
... flood losses is still out of reach, especially at local scale, but that future national-scale losses may change significantly over this century, requiring policy changes in terms of risk management and land-use planning. ...
biodegradable materials influencing climate change
... economic and functional benefits to society. While regular plastics that contain Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) require oil for their manufacturing, biodegradable plastics are made with biomass, allowing for the recovery of fossil fuels without harming the earth with the release of toxic gases. Th ...
... economic and functional benefits to society. While regular plastics that contain Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) require oil for their manufacturing, biodegradable plastics are made with biomass, allowing for the recovery of fossil fuels without harming the earth with the release of toxic gases. Th ...
Programme Plan - Norges forskningsråd
... Based on reconstructed climate parameters over the last 1000 years and observed climate parameters and climate model simulations over the last 150 years, the IPCC concluded1 that there has been a demonstrable change in the global climate as a result of anthropogenic (human-induced) emission of so-ca ...
... Based on reconstructed climate parameters over the last 1000 years and observed climate parameters and climate model simulations over the last 150 years, the IPCC concluded1 that there has been a demonstrable change in the global climate as a result of anthropogenic (human-induced) emission of so-ca ...
Programme plan - Norges forskningsråd
... Based on reconstructed climate parameters over the last 1000 years and observed climate parameters and climate model simulations over the last 150 years, the IPCC concluded1 that there has been a demonstrable change in the global climate as a result of anthropogenic (human-induced) emission of so-ca ...
... Based on reconstructed climate parameters over the last 1000 years and observed climate parameters and climate model simulations over the last 150 years, the IPCC concluded1 that there has been a demonstrable change in the global climate as a result of anthropogenic (human-induced) emission of so-ca ...
- Brookings Institution
... their responsibilities as global citizens”.1 Yet the announcement was really nothing more than a blunt public acknowledgment of a fact that was well known within the policy community: the Kyoto Protocol was already dead in the United States. The U.S. Senate, which must ratify all international treat ...
... their responsibilities as global citizens”.1 Yet the announcement was really nothing more than a blunt public acknowledgment of a fact that was well known within the policy community: the Kyoto Protocol was already dead in the United States. The U.S. Senate, which must ratify all international treat ...
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... In the second estimation stage (adaptation), the Tobit issue size equations incorporate the probability of the limit and non-limit observations from the first stage (awareness) estimation and take into account the correlation across equations. The correlation could arise because the unobservable cap ...
... In the second estimation stage (adaptation), the Tobit issue size equations incorporate the probability of the limit and non-limit observations from the first stage (awareness) estimation and take into account the correlation across equations. The correlation could arise because the unobservable cap ...
Mixed Messages - National Center for Science Education
... Messages: How Climate is Taught in America’s Schools. Oakland, CA: National Center for Science Education. http://ncse.com/files/MixedMessages.pdf ...
... Messages: How Climate is Taught in America’s Schools. Oakland, CA: National Center for Science Education. http://ncse.com/files/MixedMessages.pdf ...
Costly Misinformed Diagnosis
... stated that when the ―Costly Diagnosis‖ report came out, it ―caused quite a stir in our department.‖ Upon a detailed review of the document, Friends of Science found that certain facts concerning coal were negatively misrepresented by the Pembina Institute. Pembina claimed coal-fired plants contribu ...
... stated that when the ―Costly Diagnosis‖ report came out, it ―caused quite a stir in our department.‖ Upon a detailed review of the document, Friends of Science found that certain facts concerning coal were negatively misrepresented by the Pembina Institute. Pembina claimed coal-fired plants contribu ...
Risk communication: climate change as a human
... particular study, adapted to a telephone-survey methodology and adjusted to be more sensitive to the Maltese islands’ scenario. The modification process included continuous peer review and a focus group. The focus group consisted of 10 people, three males and seven females with an age range of 22–60 ...
... particular study, adapted to a telephone-survey methodology and adjusted to be more sensitive to the Maltese islands’ scenario. The modification process included continuous peer review and a focus group. The focus group consisted of 10 people, three males and seven females with an age range of 22–60 ...
Seager and Battisti, 2007
... only abruptly but, apparently, in the absence of any external forcing. The lack of any theory for how such changes could occur helps explain the gradual acceptance of what the data was saying. In the two decades since the discovery of abrupt change two advances have been made. First the spatial patt ...
... only abruptly but, apparently, in the absence of any external forcing. The lack of any theory for how such changes could occur helps explain the gradual acceptance of what the data was saying. In the two decades since the discovery of abrupt change two advances have been made. First the spatial patt ...
Final Report Appendix 2d - climate change
... Sea). In this respect German climate research is well advanced, although forecasting on a national level is weak. The results of this basic research support global forecasts e.g. as from the IPCC and they are used in regional forecasts on a federal state level. The 16 states of Germany with their mi ...
... Sea). In this respect German climate research is well advanced, although forecasting on a national level is weak. The results of this basic research support global forecasts e.g. as from the IPCC and they are used in regional forecasts on a federal state level. The 16 states of Germany with their mi ...
A Review of the Stern Review on the Economics
... don’t act, the overall costs and risks of climate change will be equivalent to losing at least 5% of global GDP each year, now and forever. If a wider range of risks and impacts is taken into account, the estimates of damage could rise to 20% of GDP or more . . . . Our actions now and over the comin ...
... don’t act, the overall costs and risks of climate change will be equivalent to losing at least 5% of global GDP each year, now and forever. If a wider range of risks and impacts is taken into account, the estimates of damage could rise to 20% of GDP or more . . . . Our actions now and over the comin ...
Changing Planet: Past, Present, Future Lecture 3 – Earth`s Climate
... of clouds. And some of it is then absorbed by the Earth. When it absorbs solar energy in the visible spectrum, what happens is the Earth heats up in response, because it's absorbing energy, and when objects heat up they emit their own radiation but in a longer wavelength, and so that radiation then ...
... of clouds. And some of it is then absorbed by the Earth. When it absorbs solar energy in the visible spectrum, what happens is the Earth heats up in response, because it's absorbing energy, and when objects heat up they emit their own radiation but in a longer wavelength, and so that radiation then ...
1 - Utrecht University Repository
... be stored long-term as perennial snow, and ice or short-term as seasonal snow before turning into runoff by melting, whereas liquid precipitation runs off directly. Each of these runoff components can be further delayed by infiltration into the soil and recharge to groundwater. The magnitude of the ...
... be stored long-term as perennial snow, and ice or short-term as seasonal snow before turning into runoff by melting, whereas liquid precipitation runs off directly. Each of these runoff components can be further delayed by infiltration into the soil and recharge to groundwater. The magnitude of the ...
Assessing EU Leadership on Climate Change - Userpage
... of climate change? This working paper seeks to shed light on this topic by examining the attempted diffusion of climate change norms, policies, and institutions by the EU to China and India. The paper argues that the Chinese and Indian Governments responded in significantly different ways to the EU’ ...
... of climate change? This working paper seeks to shed light on this topic by examining the attempted diffusion of climate change norms, policies, and institutions by the EU to China and India. The paper argues that the Chinese and Indian Governments responded in significantly different ways to the EU’ ...
Climatic Change --Manuscript Draft--
... Future estimates were obtained under a scenario of moderately increasing greenhouse gases by mid-century. We created a new term "Smoke Wave," defined as >2 consecutive days with high wildfire-specific PM2.5, to describe episodes of high air pollution from wildfires. We developed an interactive map ...
... Future estimates were obtained under a scenario of moderately increasing greenhouse gases by mid-century. We created a new term "Smoke Wave," defined as >2 consecutive days with high wildfire-specific PM2.5, to describe episodes of high air pollution from wildfires. We developed an interactive map ...
1 - EconStor
... Summarising the literature, some studies employ international data but most use data from a single country. 7 Particularly in cross-country studies data are frequently aggregated over large, climatically diverse regions. Most studies include temperature and precipitation but far fewer include other ...
... Summarising the literature, some studies employ international data but most use data from a single country. 7 Particularly in cross-country studies data are frequently aggregated over large, climatically diverse regions. Most studies include temperature and precipitation but far fewer include other ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.