Chlorophyll a reconstruction from in situ measurements: 2. Marked
... Marine primary production by phytoplankton plays a key role in the global carbon uptake and is therefore an important factor influencing the global climate [Charlson et al., 1987; Murtugudde et al., 2002; Boyce et al., 2012]. Nearly half of the planetary primary production takes place in the euphotic ...
... Marine primary production by phytoplankton plays a key role in the global carbon uptake and is therefore an important factor influencing the global climate [Charlson et al., 1987; Murtugudde et al., 2002; Boyce et al., 2012]. Nearly half of the planetary primary production takes place in the euphotic ...
Oil Sands and Climate Change
... attention understates both the slow and limited deployment of CCS and the significant challenges in applying this technology to the oilsands sector. To date there are no operating CCS projects in the oilsands. One planned integrated project, Shell’s Quest project, will capture 35% of the emissions f ...
... attention understates both the slow and limited deployment of CCS and the significant challenges in applying this technology to the oilsands sector. To date there are no operating CCS projects in the oilsands. One planned integrated project, Shell’s Quest project, will capture 35% of the emissions f ...
Ua `afa le Aso Stormy weather today: traditional ecological
... The SPCZ lies over the Samoan group during most of the year, but is especially active during the wetter months (October to April). The SPCZ therefore plays a major role in influencing Samoa’s microclimate and its location and movement at any given time are crucial in understanding local weather and ...
... The SPCZ lies over the Samoan group during most of the year, but is especially active during the wetter months (October to April). The SPCZ therefore plays a major role in influencing Samoa’s microclimate and its location and movement at any given time are crucial in understanding local weather and ...
Quantifying Vulnerability to Climate Change: Implications for
... In short, understanding vulnerability requires information on potential human impacts as well as scientific assessments of weather data. The potential for quantifying such impacts is illustrated by the EM-DAT database, which is maintained by the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters ( ...
... In short, understanding vulnerability requires information on potential human impacts as well as scientific assessments of weather data. The potential for quantifying such impacts is illustrated by the EM-DAT database, which is maintained by the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters ( ...
DOC - Climate Change Authority
... Emissions—Targets and Progress Review, which was provided to the Minister (and released publicly) on 27 February 2014. That report, which reflected extensive public consultation, presented the Authority’s comprehensive assessment of the evidence coming from climate scientists, the efforts being made ...
... Emissions—Targets and Progress Review, which was provided to the Minister (and released publicly) on 27 February 2014. That report, which reflected extensive public consultation, presented the Authority’s comprehensive assessment of the evidence coming from climate scientists, the efforts being made ...
Debating Climate Change David Weisbach
... convergence of philosophical writers on the subject: they are virtually unanimous in their conclusion that the developed countries should take the lead in bearing the costs of climate change, while the less developed countries should be allowed to increase emissions for the foreseeable future.”1 The ...
... convergence of philosophical writers on the subject: they are virtually unanimous in their conclusion that the developed countries should take the lead in bearing the costs of climate change, while the less developed countries should be allowed to increase emissions for the foreseeable future.”1 The ...
Current and future ozone risks to global terrestrial biodiversity and
... Concentrations are similarly distributed, but lower in the NH in September–November, while in December–February, concentrations are highest in areas of China and moderate over more southern landmasses. In the SH, where O3 concentrations are generally lower, the highest values are found in mid-latit ...
... Concentrations are similarly distributed, but lower in the NH in September–November, while in December–February, concentrations are highest in areas of China and moderate over more southern landmasses. In the SH, where O3 concentrations are generally lower, the highest values are found in mid-latit ...
Links between climate change, conflict and governance in Africa
... climate change and the threat of violent conflict.10 Conflicts between pastoral communities in the arid and semi-arid borderlands of northern Kenya, southern Sudan and southern Ethiopia are linked to competition over access to pasture and water, livestock raiding and the heavy presence of small arm ...
... climate change and the threat of violent conflict.10 Conflicts between pastoral communities in the arid and semi-arid borderlands of northern Kenya, southern Sudan and southern Ethiopia are linked to competition over access to pasture and water, livestock raiding and the heavy presence of small arm ...
Climate change and coastal ecosystem in India: Issues in perspectives
... long enough so that fluctuations caused by waves and tides are largely removed (IPCC, 2001). Measurements of present-day sea level change rely on two different techniques: tide gauges and satellite altimetry. Changes in mean sea level as measured by coastal tide gauges are called “relative sea level ...
... long enough so that fluctuations caused by waves and tides are largely removed (IPCC, 2001). Measurements of present-day sea level change rely on two different techniques: tide gauges and satellite altimetry. Changes in mean sea level as measured by coastal tide gauges are called “relative sea level ...
Key factors governing uncertainty in the response to sunshade
... results of different studies was difficult. The Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) has proposed a set of standard experiments and output to make such comparisons easier [Kravitz et al., 2011], building on the work done for the Climate Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) [Taylor ...
... results of different studies was difficult. The Geoengineering Model Intercomparison Project (GeoMIP) has proposed a set of standard experiments and output to make such comparisons easier [Kravitz et al., 2011], building on the work done for the Climate Model Intercomparison Project 5 (CMIP5) [Taylor ...
A Climate of War - Oil Change International
... Money spent on the war is money not spent reducing our dependence on fossil fuels or supporting the transition to a low-carbon economy. The military budget and growing deficit siphon taxpayer dollars away from the development of renewable energy technologies and efficiency measures, and limit spendi ...
... Money spent on the war is money not spent reducing our dependence on fossil fuels or supporting the transition to a low-carbon economy. The military budget and growing deficit siphon taxpayer dollars away from the development of renewable energy technologies and efficiency measures, and limit spendi ...
Proceedings WARMING UP SEMINAR
... emissions are growing rapidly and represent the larger concern for the long term. Expansion of biofuels and plantations may increase emissions, especially on peat land, if not carefully planned. Recognizing this issue, the Government is developing an initiative on Reduced Emissions from Deforestatio ...
... emissions are growing rapidly and represent the larger concern for the long term. Expansion of biofuels and plantations may increase emissions, especially on peat land, if not carefully planned. Recognizing this issue, the Government is developing an initiative on Reduced Emissions from Deforestatio ...
Limits of pastoral adaptation to permafrost regions caused by
... areas. However, there are few alaas on the drier, lower elevation riverbank on the west (left) side of the Lena (Saito, 1985:73). The local people perceive the alaas and terraced riverbanks as different cultural landscapes. The terraced grassland is associated with the ethnic origin of Sakha people. ...
... areas. However, there are few alaas on the drier, lower elevation riverbank on the west (left) side of the Lena (Saito, 1985:73). The local people perceive the alaas and terraced riverbanks as different cultural landscapes. The terraced grassland is associated with the ethnic origin of Sakha people. ...
Temperature change and its effects on the Great Lakes climate
... possibilities over the next several thousand years that could drive climate change. Global Warming Global Warming is the process of the earth warming due to human intensification. The burning of fossil fuels releases green house gases into the atmosphere which in turn helps to warm our planet over t ...
... possibilities over the next several thousand years that could drive climate change. Global Warming Global Warming is the process of the earth warming due to human intensification. The burning of fossil fuels releases green house gases into the atmosphere which in turn helps to warm our planet over t ...
Modeling Earth`s future
... of different inputs to a model to be determined. For example, one set of experiments with an integrated assessment model showed that the uncertainty in the climate sensitivity to greenhouse gas increases is the greatest influence on the estimated future costs of climate change, followed by inputs su ...
... of different inputs to a model to be determined. For example, one set of experiments with an integrated assessment model showed that the uncertainty in the climate sensitivity to greenhouse gas increases is the greatest influence on the estimated future costs of climate change, followed by inputs su ...
Explaining Media and Congressional Attention to Global Climate
... sizes, formats, and from multiple sources. Some indicators may come from direct experience (paying more at the gas station indicates certain conditions within the energy sector), but most indicators (such as unemployment rates, economic growth rates, crime rates, mortality rates, high school drop-ou ...
... sizes, formats, and from multiple sources. Some indicators may come from direct experience (paying more at the gas station indicates certain conditions within the energy sector), but most indicators (such as unemployment rates, economic growth rates, crime rates, mortality rates, high school drop-ou ...
Forests, Agriculture, and Climate: Economics and
... recycling, rainfall generation and disease regulation that all will be negatively affected by the recent global deforestation and forest degradation trends.” (Parker et al. 2008). The total economic value of forests includes all these services, as well as other benefits such as recreation opportunit ...
... recycling, rainfall generation and disease regulation that all will be negatively affected by the recent global deforestation and forest degradation trends.” (Parker et al. 2008). The total economic value of forests includes all these services, as well as other benefits such as recreation opportunit ...
Motivated Recall in the Service of the Economic System
... & Walker, 2014). We predict, moreover, that in times of economic instability, such as recession, the motivation to defend the system from potential threats should be temporarily heightened. In contrast, in times of economic stability, system justification motivation may be more easily satisfied, and ...
... & Walker, 2014). We predict, moreover, that in times of economic instability, such as recession, the motivation to defend the system from potential threats should be temporarily heightened. In contrast, in times of economic stability, system justification motivation may be more easily satisfied, and ...
Vietnam Climate Change Country Profile
... important physical and chemical processes governing climate, including the role of the atmosphere, land, oceans, and biological processes. The bullet points below offer insights into a changing climate are thusly derived for Vietnam from a suite of GCMs used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ...
... important physical and chemical processes governing climate, including the role of the atmosphere, land, oceans, and biological processes. The bullet points below offer insights into a changing climate are thusly derived for Vietnam from a suite of GCMs used by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate ...
Global Climate Risk Index 2006
... hurricane, we can draw some conclusions about hurricanes more generally. In particular, the available scientific evidence indicates that it is likely that global warming will make and possibly already is making - those hurricanes that form more destructive than they otherwise would have been." Rahms ...
... hurricane, we can draw some conclusions about hurricanes more generally. In particular, the available scientific evidence indicates that it is likely that global warming will make and possibly already is making - those hurricanes that form more destructive than they otherwise would have been." Rahms ...
Will the Paris agreement save the world?
... degree target. This international consensus on reducing climate emissions is positive and long overdue. However, there are many questions about the way forward to achieve emissions reductions. First, the pre-conference national pledges for climate action are predicated on a goal of 2 degree warming ...
... degree target. This international consensus on reducing climate emissions is positive and long overdue. However, there are many questions about the way forward to achieve emissions reductions. First, the pre-conference national pledges for climate action are predicated on a goal of 2 degree warming ...
CHANGING HOW EARTH SYSTEM MODELING IS DONE TO
... as a set of plausible examples of what might happen to decide on how best to act in that can be placed in their projections. By “confidence” light of that knowledge and uncertainty (Stainforth we mean an estimate of the probability of how the et al. 2007b; Dessai et al. 2009; Kunreuther et al. 2013) ...
... as a set of plausible examples of what might happen to decide on how best to act in that can be placed in their projections. By “confidence” light of that knowledge and uncertainty (Stainforth we mean an estimate of the probability of how the et al. 2007b; Dessai et al. 2009; Kunreuther et al. 2013) ...
Comparing modelled fire dynamics with charcoal records for the
... critical for simulating fire in JSBACH. Because the base climate is chosen from the pre-industrial simulation, the yearto-year variability is given by the variability of the base climate alone. The climate forcing includes values for temperature, precipitation, radiation balance, and atmospheric CO2 ...
... critical for simulating fire in JSBACH. Because the base climate is chosen from the pre-industrial simulation, the yearto-year variability is given by the variability of the base climate alone. The climate forcing includes values for temperature, precipitation, radiation balance, and atmospheric CO2 ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.