The Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection`s Action
... concentration in the atmosphere is over 390 ppm and is quickly approaching the dangerous level of 400 ppm.8 It further explains the impact that the high level of CO2 concentration is having on global warming in the atmosphere, surface temperatures and ocean temperatures.9 The petitioners also claim ...
... concentration in the atmosphere is over 390 ppm and is quickly approaching the dangerous level of 400 ppm.8 It further explains the impact that the high level of CO2 concentration is having on global warming in the atmosphere, surface temperatures and ocean temperatures.9 The petitioners also claim ...
`Towards a Resilient Sydney` - climate change adaptation planning
... biophysical parameters including coastal systems, water, fire and heat and air quality. The Sydney Climate Storyline was developed to assist participants of the Sydney Integrated Regional Vulnerability Assessment (IRVA) workshops to identify direct and indirect impacts on their sector and capacity t ...
... biophysical parameters including coastal systems, water, fire and heat and air quality. The Sydney Climate Storyline was developed to assist participants of the Sydney Integrated Regional Vulnerability Assessment (IRVA) workshops to identify direct and indirect impacts on their sector and capacity t ...
PDF
... Regarding regional climate change impacts several integrated agronomic studies have already assessed the vulnerability of croplands to climate change in Austria until the mid of the 21st century (Alexandrov et al., 2002; Klik and Eitzinger, 2010; Thaler et al., 2012; Strauss et al., 2013b). Although ...
... Regarding regional climate change impacts several integrated agronomic studies have already assessed the vulnerability of croplands to climate change in Austria until the mid of the 21st century (Alexandrov et al., 2002; Klik and Eitzinger, 2010; Thaler et al., 2012; Strauss et al., 2013b). Although ...
Deep uncertainty in long-term hurricane risk: Scenario generation and implications for future climate experiments (opens in new window)
... models (Knutti et al., 2010; Oreskes et al., 2010; Stainforth et al., 2007a,b; Morgan, 2003). Similarly, the range of downscaling models used to explore the (stage III) uncertainty represents only a limited sample. Indeed, parameter uncertainty is not captured in the scenario set (for either stage I ...
... models (Knutti et al., 2010; Oreskes et al., 2010; Stainforth et al., 2007a,b; Morgan, 2003). Similarly, the range of downscaling models used to explore the (stage III) uncertainty represents only a limited sample. Indeed, parameter uncertainty is not captured in the scenario set (for either stage I ...
Vulnerability and climate change hotspots in Africa
... The African rainfall is dominated by inter-annual and decadal variability for the past; however, the future rainfall projections indicated a decreasing trend in rainfall along the Mediterranean coast and southern Africa and projected an increasing trend in East Africa. It is uncertain how rainfall w ...
... The African rainfall is dominated by inter-annual and decadal variability for the past; however, the future rainfall projections indicated a decreasing trend in rainfall along the Mediterranean coast and southern Africa and projected an increasing trend in East Africa. It is uncertain how rainfall w ...
Climate change impacts in urban coastal
... Globally, coasts and estuaries are among the most densely populated and productive environments on earth. Consequently, the threat posed to them by climate change has been attracting global research effort for at least the past 30 years (e.g. Barth and Titus 1984; Broadus et al. 1986). Initially, re ...
... Globally, coasts and estuaries are among the most densely populated and productive environments on earth. Consequently, the threat posed to them by climate change has been attracting global research effort for at least the past 30 years (e.g. Barth and Titus 1984; Broadus et al. 1986). Initially, re ...
the greater mekong and climate change
... practices – are causing the planet to warm, altering its overall climate. Observed increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level all confirm this change in the earth’s climate (IPCC 2007). As GHG emissions increase so ...
... practices – are causing the planet to warm, altering its overall climate. Observed increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising global average sea level all confirm this change in the earth’s climate (IPCC 2007). As GHG emissions increase so ...
Program on Global and Regional Climate Change
... Climate change is being recognized as a major threat to present day society because of its adverse impacts on ecosystem, agricultural productivity, water resources, socio-economy and sustainability in a global as well as regional basis. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in its fou ...
... Climate change is being recognized as a major threat to present day society because of its adverse impacts on ecosystem, agricultural productivity, water resources, socio-economy and sustainability in a global as well as regional basis. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) in its fou ...
CLIMATE AND DEVELOPMENT COUNTRIES
... threat humankind has ever faced. The global mean surface temperature rose 0.4–0.8°C in the 20th century. It is estimated to rise by a further 1.4–5.8°C in 1990–2100. The change in temperature varies significantly temporally and spatially: stronger warming is observed near the poles, over continents, ...
... threat humankind has ever faced. The global mean surface temperature rose 0.4–0.8°C in the 20th century. It is estimated to rise by a further 1.4–5.8°C in 1990–2100. The change in temperature varies significantly temporally and spatially: stronger warming is observed near the poles, over continents, ...
EPA Research - 2014 Call Technical Description
... Non-forest wooded areas, including hedgerows and isolated clumps of trees, form an integral part of agricultural land and are a distinctive feature of the Irish landscape. These are important corridors for biodiversity and provide a range of other ecosystem services. Analysis of data from the recent ...
... Non-forest wooded areas, including hedgerows and isolated clumps of trees, form an integral part of agricultural land and are a distinctive feature of the Irish landscape. These are important corridors for biodiversity and provide a range of other ecosystem services. Analysis of data from the recent ...
DOCX - World bank documents
... Turkmenistan ratified the UNFCCC in 1995 and the Kyoto Protocol in 1998, following which a State Commission on Climate Change was created to ensure the implementation of the country’s obligations under the Convention. In addition, Turkmenistan established a designated national authority (DNA) for cl ...
... Turkmenistan ratified the UNFCCC in 1995 and the Kyoto Protocol in 1998, following which a State Commission on Climate Change was created to ensure the implementation of the country’s obligations under the Convention. In addition, Turkmenistan established a designated national authority (DNA) for cl ...
Investigating climate change vulnerability and planning for adaptation
... mountain gorilla presence data from 44,780 observed points across the Virungas and Bwindi regions; and over 4941 recorded points of plants edible for mountain gorillas. The mountain gorilla presence and edible plant data represented best available datasets contributed from numerous long-term researc ...
... mountain gorilla presence data from 44,780 observed points across the Virungas and Bwindi regions; and over 4941 recorded points of plants edible for mountain gorillas. The mountain gorilla presence and edible plant data represented best available datasets contributed from numerous long-term researc ...
City of Urbana CAP phase IFinal
... Commission (SAC). It presents the first of two phases of a climate action plan for the City of Urbana. A second phase with a more comprehensive set of strategies will follow, after a period of ...
... Commission (SAC). It presents the first of two phases of a climate action plan for the City of Urbana. A second phase with a more comprehensive set of strategies will follow, after a period of ...
Functional and Phylogenetic Approaches to Forecasting Species
... Responses to temperature change for two species of alpine butterflies, Colias eriphyle (solid lines) and C. meadii (dashed lines). The species display phenotypes adapted to lower and higher elevations, respectively. (a) Mean flight season ( June 15–August 15) ambient and operative environmental temper ...
... Responses to temperature change for two species of alpine butterflies, Colias eriphyle (solid lines) and C. meadii (dashed lines). The species display phenotypes adapted to lower and higher elevations, respectively. (a) Mean flight season ( June 15–August 15) ambient and operative environmental temper ...
Recent Climatology, Variability, and Trends in Global Surface Humidity
... provides the single largest positive feedback on surface temperature (Hansen et al. 1984) and is the main cause of increased precipitation at mid- and high latitudes in the model simulations. It is therefore vital to monitor changes in atmospheric water vapor content not only for detecting global wa ...
... provides the single largest positive feedback on surface temperature (Hansen et al. 1984) and is the main cause of increased precipitation at mid- and high latitudes in the model simulations. It is therefore vital to monitor changes in atmospheric water vapor content not only for detecting global wa ...
The Household Production Function Approach to Valuing Climate
... Summarising the literature, some studies employ international data but most use data from a single country. 7 Particularly in cross-country studies data are frequently aggregated over large, climatically diverse regions. Most studies include temperature and precipitation but far fewer include other ...
... Summarising the literature, some studies employ international data but most use data from a single country. 7 Particularly in cross-country studies data are frequently aggregated over large, climatically diverse regions. Most studies include temperature and precipitation but far fewer include other ...
On non-marginal cost-benefit analysis: Abstract of Working Paper 18 (1 MB) (opens in new window)
... Hence this paper attempts to address the question of whether “serious errors” could be made by evaluating non-marginal projects with conventional BCA, which uses discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis to determine net present value (NPV). By the term “non-marginal”, we mean sufficiently large for the f ...
... Hence this paper attempts to address the question of whether “serious errors” could be made by evaluating non-marginal projects with conventional BCA, which uses discounted cash flow (DCF) analysis to determine net present value (NPV). By the term “non-marginal”, we mean sufficiently large for the f ...
An econometric analysis of determinants of climate change attitudes
... Republic of Macedonia). The survey included data on socio-demographics, access to information, attitudes, behaviour and intentional behaviour towards climate change. In this analysis we focused on Greece and Great Britain for the following reasons: (1) both are EU members and share the EU environmen ...
... Republic of Macedonia). The survey included data on socio-demographics, access to information, attitudes, behaviour and intentional behaviour towards climate change. In this analysis we focused on Greece and Great Britain for the following reasons: (1) both are EU members and share the EU environmen ...
Current and Projected Climate Change Impacts for the Colorado
... of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107:21271–6. Topic: Climate projections and related impacts for the Southwest. This study evaluated temperature and precipitation projections for the Southwest, including the Colorado River Basin, to model the probability of drought ...
... of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 107:21271–6. Topic: Climate projections and related impacts for the Southwest. This study evaluated temperature and precipitation projections for the Southwest, including the Colorado River Basin, to model the probability of drought ...
Climate change, phenological shifts, eco
... approach, correlations between large- and small-scale observations are calculated and then applied to AOGC model output to provide regional future climate forecasts. There are both strengths and weaknesses in statistical downscaling and regional modeling, hence these two approaches should be conside ...
... approach, correlations between large- and small-scale observations are calculated and then applied to AOGC model output to provide regional future climate forecasts. There are both strengths and weaknesses in statistical downscaling and regional modeling, hence these two approaches should be conside ...
Double exposure: assessing the impacts of climate change within
... areas may actually cool under `global warminga conditions (Houghton et al., 1996). Patterns and amounts of precipitation are also likely to change, and it is projected that rainfall will increase in some areas and decrease in others (Houghton et al., 1996). Although there are di$culties associated w ...
... areas may actually cool under `global warminga conditions (Houghton et al., 1996). Patterns and amounts of precipitation are also likely to change, and it is projected that rainfall will increase in some areas and decrease in others (Houghton et al., 1996). Although there are di$culties associated w ...
ClimateJobsBooklet2011-2_South Africa
... We know that South Africa alone cannot stop climate change, but by creating a million climate jobs in our country, we will offer a model for genuine responses to climate change. This is more and more important given the failure of the global elites to secure a binding agreement to slow down climate ...
... We know that South Africa alone cannot stop climate change, but by creating a million climate jobs in our country, we will offer a model for genuine responses to climate change. This is more and more important given the failure of the global elites to secure a binding agreement to slow down climate ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.