Marine Science - Climate
... partnerships to quantify these impacts in many regions throughout the world (Figure 1; Barange et al., 2011; Wiese et al., 2012). Several international organizations [e.g. the International Council for Exploration of the Sea (ICES), the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES), the Intergov ...
... partnerships to quantify these impacts in many regions throughout the world (Figure 1; Barange et al., 2011; Wiese et al., 2012). Several international organizations [e.g. the International Council for Exploration of the Sea (ICES), the North Pacific Marine Science Organization (PICES), the Intergov ...
Implications of global climate change for natural resource damage
... resources and services to the baseline condition. In some countries, such as the United States, responsible parties can also be held liable for compensatory restoration [4,5,7], which is compensating the public for the interim loss of the injured natural resources and services (Fig. 1). Global clima ...
... resources and services to the baseline condition. In some countries, such as the United States, responsible parties can also be held liable for compensatory restoration [4,5,7], which is compensating the public for the interim loss of the injured natural resources and services (Fig. 1). Global clima ...
Lesson: Concerning Climate- Weather Matters
... us that the Earth's climate has changed many times before. The pre-industrial revolution concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere was 280 parts per million (ppm). As of January 2017, it has reached 405 ppm (http://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/carbon-dioxide/). This amount of CO2 is higher than it has ...
... us that the Earth's climate has changed many times before. The pre-industrial revolution concentration of CO2 in the atmosphere was 280 parts per million (ppm). As of January 2017, it has reached 405 ppm (http://climate.nasa.gov/vital-signs/carbon-dioxide/). This amount of CO2 is higher than it has ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES PRESERVING THE OCEAN
... The UN framework convention on climate change [UNFCCC, 1992] requires a stabilization of greenhouse gases at a level that will “prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system”. Which stabilization level for greenhouse gases would avoid dangerous interference and whether this ri ...
... The UN framework convention on climate change [UNFCCC, 1992] requires a stabilization of greenhouse gases at a level that will “prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system”. Which stabilization level for greenhouse gases would avoid dangerous interference and whether this ri ...
Cognitive and Behavioral Challenges in Responding to Climate Change P R
... our time, but it has taken over 20 years for the problem to penetrate the public discourse in even the most superficial manner. While some nations have done better than others, no nation has adequately reduced emissions. No nation has a base of public citizens that are sufficiently socially and poli ...
... our time, but it has taken over 20 years for the problem to penetrate the public discourse in even the most superficial manner. While some nations have done better than others, no nation has adequately reduced emissions. No nation has a base of public citizens that are sufficiently socially and poli ...
Understanding public complacency about climate
... sources are implemented, existing stocks of GHG-generating capital (automobiles, industrial plant and equipment, housing, infrastructure) are only gradually replaced or retrofitted, while noncarbon alternatives are only gradually developed and deployed (Fiddaman 2002). The longest response delays, h ...
... sources are implemented, existing stocks of GHG-generating capital (automobiles, industrial plant and equipment, housing, infrastructure) are only gradually replaced or retrofitted, while noncarbon alternatives are only gradually developed and deployed (Fiddaman 2002). The longest response delays, h ...
Climate Change Summits beyond Copenhagen
... agreement to reduce emissions10, and, by extension, to combat climate change in general. This fact, combined with the economic crisis, seems to have led editors in most Western countries to a simplistic view that: ‘It is impossible to save the planet, so while the global warming comes, let's focus o ...
... agreement to reduce emissions10, and, by extension, to combat climate change in general. This fact, combined with the economic crisis, seems to have led editors in most Western countries to a simplistic view that: ‘It is impossible to save the planet, so while the global warming comes, let's focus o ...
What is this thing called `natural`? The nature
... Diversity (CBD) embodies a holistic approach and articulates two values of biodiversity; nonanthropocentric, intrinsic value and anthropocentric, instrumental value. In contrast, the Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) presents climate change entirely as a matter of human survival and we ...
... Diversity (CBD) embodies a holistic approach and articulates two values of biodiversity; nonanthropocentric, intrinsic value and anthropocentric, instrumental value. In contrast, the Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) presents climate change entirely as a matter of human survival and we ...
Climate Change and the Chugach and Tongass National Forests
... somewhat differently, they generally agree that the region will see increases of about 2oF over the next few decades, 3-4oF in the second half of this century, and 4-7oF by late century. Where precipitation trends are discussed, it is generally agreed that both total precipitation and incidence of h ...
... somewhat differently, they generally agree that the region will see increases of about 2oF over the next few decades, 3-4oF in the second half of this century, and 4-7oF by late century. Where precipitation trends are discussed, it is generally agreed that both total precipitation and incidence of h ...
PDF
... the expected behavior of noncooperating asymmetric countries in terms of mitigation and SRM activities, and provide insights regarding the possible existence of a tradeo¤ between mitigation and SRM. In particular when the social cost of SRM is substantially low for a country, this country will incre ...
... the expected behavior of noncooperating asymmetric countries in terms of mitigation and SRM activities, and provide insights regarding the possible existence of a tradeo¤ between mitigation and SRM. In particular when the social cost of SRM is substantially low for a country, this country will incre ...
Transient Earth system responses to cumulative
... Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. ...
... Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. ...
argue - DLR ELIB
... a mode of transport. Ultimately they could also be used to compare climate and non-climate impacts (such as noise or air quality) on some kind of common scale (e.g. monetary). There are a number of important assumptions that underlie our discussion here. The first is that any metric that is used for ...
... a mode of transport. Ultimately they could also be used to compare climate and non-climate impacts (such as noise or air quality) on some kind of common scale (e.g. monetary). There are a number of important assumptions that underlie our discussion here. The first is that any metric that is used for ...
National Park Service - UAF SNAP
... A climate variable that drives changes in weather, vegetation, habitat, wildlife, etc. Also referred to as a critical force and a scenario driver. ...
... A climate variable that drives changes in weather, vegetation, habitat, wildlife, etc. Also referred to as a critical force and a scenario driver. ...
The Construction of Global Warming and the Politics of Science
... and technical debate crystallized into one of the first widely publicized warnings about an anthropogenically enhanced greenhouse effect due to rising concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other radiatively sensitive greenhouse gases (GHGs), from the recent Kyoto Protocol to United Nations Fram ...
... and technical debate crystallized into one of the first widely publicized warnings about an anthropogenically enhanced greenhouse effect due to rising concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2) and other radiatively sensitive greenhouse gases (GHGs), from the recent Kyoto Protocol to United Nations Fram ...
Potential Vegetation and Carbon Redistribution in Northern North
... on temperature, evapotranspiration rate, seasonality of precipitation, and severity of dry season to predict ecosystem type [1]. Holdrige’s diagram is considered the most iconic climate-ecosystem classification scheme and produced an ecosystem classification key based on temperature, precipitation, ...
... on temperature, evapotranspiration rate, seasonality of precipitation, and severity of dry season to predict ecosystem type [1]. Holdrige’s diagram is considered the most iconic climate-ecosystem classification scheme and produced an ecosystem classification key based on temperature, precipitation, ...
HS Mui Nallanthigall 1AC v Raghavan Pereda Rd2
... that we are currently on a trajectory that will push temperatures up 4 degrees or more by the end of the century. What would 4 degrees look like? A recent World Bank review of the science reminds us. First, it’ll get hot: Projections for a 4°C world show a dramatic increase in the intensity and freq ...
... that we are currently on a trajectory that will push temperatures up 4 degrees or more by the end of the century. What would 4 degrees look like? A recent World Bank review of the science reminds us. First, it’ll get hot: Projections for a 4°C world show a dramatic increase in the intensity and freq ...
Global Warming and Economic Externalities
... 3.3 The constrained optimal case (COPT) Researchers of the economic consequences of global warming (most prominently and recently Nordhaus and Boyer (2000), Nordhaus (2008), and Stern (2007)) analyze the optimal path in this type of model under the constraint that no mitigation is undertaken. Becaus ...
... 3.3 The constrained optimal case (COPT) Researchers of the economic consequences of global warming (most prominently and recently Nordhaus and Boyer (2000), Nordhaus (2008), and Stern (2007)) analyze the optimal path in this type of model under the constraint that no mitigation is undertaken. Becaus ...
WP C /Gap Analysis
... WP C i SIOS-PP: WP C covers the very important work of assessing the existing infrastructure in the light of the scientific topics which are to be addressed by SIOS and identifying needs for upgrading facilities and additional infrastructure. This is a process which was started in 2009 using Norweg ...
... WP C i SIOS-PP: WP C covers the very important work of assessing the existing infrastructure in the light of the scientific topics which are to be addressed by SIOS and identifying needs for upgrading facilities and additional infrastructure. This is a process which was started in 2009 using Norweg ...
Acceleration technique for Milankovitch type forcing in a coupled
... survey is concerned with the middle to late Holocene, which can be considered as a relatively stable period, wherein rapid climate events were absent (Grootes et al. 1993, Clark et al. 2002). The temperature evolution of the Holocene is also important in light of recent climate change. The new third ...
... survey is concerned with the middle to late Holocene, which can be considered as a relatively stable period, wherein rapid climate events were absent (Grootes et al. 1993, Clark et al. 2002). The temperature evolution of the Holocene is also important in light of recent climate change. The new third ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE ECONOMICS OF CATASTROPHIC CLIMATE CHANGE
... Global average warming of 8 C masks tremendous local and seasonal variation, which can be expected to produce temperature increases much greater than this at particular times in particular places. Societies and ecosystems in a world whose mean temperature will have changed in the course of one or tw ...
... Global average warming of 8 C masks tremendous local and seasonal variation, which can be expected to produce temperature increases much greater than this at particular times in particular places. Societies and ecosystems in a world whose mean temperature will have changed in the course of one or tw ...
California Getting Wetter to the North, Drier to the South: Natural
... Pineapple Express, bring extreme storms to coastal California. Climate change projections suggest there may be more landfalling AR events in California in the coming decades, with more years having many ARs, leading to more frequent extreme storms [7]. On the long-term averages, atmospheric rivers c ...
... Pineapple Express, bring extreme storms to coastal California. Climate change projections suggest there may be more landfalling AR events in California in the coming decades, with more years having many ARs, leading to more frequent extreme storms [7]. On the long-term averages, atmospheric rivers c ...
Barry - Climate change publications
... contributing authors/including R.G. Barry). In: Observed climate variability and change, Ch. 3. In: J.T. Houghton, L.G. Meira Filko, B.A. Callander, N. Harris, A. Kattenberg and K. Maskell, eds., Climate change 1995: The Science of Climate Change. Cambridge Univ. Press, pp. 132-192. Recent decreases ...
... contributing authors/including R.G. Barry). In: Observed climate variability and change, Ch. 3. In: J.T. Houghton, L.G. Meira Filko, B.A. Callander, N. Harris, A. Kattenberg and K. Maskell, eds., Climate change 1995: The Science of Climate Change. Cambridge Univ. Press, pp. 132-192. Recent decreases ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.