A Method to Estimate Climate-Critical Construction Materials
... In its most recent report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2014) found that over US$3 trillion in port infrastructure assets in 136 of the world’s largest port cities are vulnerable to weather events and that, “ports will be affected by climate changes including ...
... In its most recent report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2014) found that over US$3 trillion in port infrastructure assets in 136 of the world’s largest port cities are vulnerable to weather events and that, “ports will be affected by climate changes including ...
Global Cryosphere Watch - Byrd Polar Research Center
... • IPCC WG 1 and 2 reports highlighted for first time importance of the cryosphere, observed changes of some elements of global cryosphere and potential impacts on societies and countries; • the development of the conceptual framework for the Cryosphere Observing System (CryOS) • ACIA and ICARPII ide ...
... • IPCC WG 1 and 2 reports highlighted for first time importance of the cryosphere, observed changes of some elements of global cryosphere and potential impacts on societies and countries; • the development of the conceptual framework for the Cryosphere Observing System (CryOS) • ACIA and ICARPII ide ...
Biosequestration - Center for Climate and Energy Solutions
... country-specific GHG emissions reductions by 2012. Articles 3.3 and 3.4 of the protocol outline the ways in which nations can account for afforestation, reforestation, deforestation, and certain other land-use activities in their particular emission reduction goals. Countries are also allowed to rea ...
... country-specific GHG emissions reductions by 2012. Articles 3.3 and 3.4 of the protocol outline the ways in which nations can account for afforestation, reforestation, deforestation, and certain other land-use activities in their particular emission reduction goals. Countries are also allowed to rea ...
The Blueprint for Coffee in a Changing Climate
... The timing and duration of seasonal rain is critical to triggering flowering and seed development in the coffee plant, and many of the small farms that produce seventy percent of the world’s coffee14 depend on rain to meet the water needs of their coffee plants throughout the year. Unfortunately, to ...
... The timing and duration of seasonal rain is critical to triggering flowering and seed development in the coffee plant, and many of the small farms that produce seventy percent of the world’s coffee14 depend on rain to meet the water needs of their coffee plants throughout the year. Unfortunately, to ...
Evolution of marine storminess in the Belgian part of the North Sea
... indicator and in other studies storm surge or air surface pressure is used. Recently Haerens et al. (2011) have used five indicators to provide a first estimate of the storm threshold inducing significant morphological changes along the sandy beaches in Belgium. Based on their investigations, it was ...
... indicator and in other studies storm surge or air surface pressure is used. Recently Haerens et al. (2011) have used five indicators to provide a first estimate of the storm threshold inducing significant morphological changes along the sandy beaches in Belgium. Based on their investigations, it was ...
PDF
... temperature and rainfall for each district over the period 1976/77 to 1997/98. As the net revenue per hectare is expected to be influenced by factors other than climatic variables, control variables like soil type and altitude were also included. The soil type, which varies across the sample distric ...
... temperature and rainfall for each district over the period 1976/77 to 1997/98. As the net revenue per hectare is expected to be influenced by factors other than climatic variables, control variables like soil type and altitude were also included. The soil type, which varies across the sample distric ...
Detectability of Anthropogenic Changes in Annual Temperature and
... 2000)—Its atmospheric component has the same resolution longitudinally as CGCM2, but a higher latitudinal resolution of 2.58 latitude. The oceanic component has a resolution of 1.258 in each direction. Here we use a three-member ensemble of climate change simulations (Johns et al. 2002), which inclu ...
... 2000)—Its atmospheric component has the same resolution longitudinally as CGCM2, but a higher latitudinal resolution of 2.58 latitude. The oceanic component has a resolution of 1.258 in each direction. Here we use a three-member ensemble of climate change simulations (Johns et al. 2002), which inclu ...
How to motivate people about climate change
... responsibility for climate change is more effective at changing climate-related behaviors in environmentalists. To assess this question, we conducted an experiment embedded in an online survey emailed to affiliates of the National Audubon Society, a large wildlife conservation organization. These me ...
... responsibility for climate change is more effective at changing climate-related behaviors in environmentalists. To assess this question, we conducted an experiment embedded in an online survey emailed to affiliates of the National Audubon Society, a large wildlife conservation organization. These me ...
Overcoming Obstacles to U.S.-China Cooperation on Climate Change
... in human history and rising sharply. Predicted consequences include sea-level rise, more severe storms, more intense droughts and floods, forest loss and the spread of tropical disease. Each of these phenomena is already occurring. Every year of delay in reducing greenhouse gas emissions puts the pl ...
... in human history and rising sharply. Predicted consequences include sea-level rise, more severe storms, more intense droughts and floods, forest loss and the spread of tropical disease. Each of these phenomena is already occurring. Every year of delay in reducing greenhouse gas emissions puts the pl ...
Climate Impacts of Coal and Natural Gas
... the coal versus gas question to the leakage rate, the years of coal displaced, the generation efficiencies of the plants, and other important factors. In the vast majority of cases, natural gas results ...
... the coal versus gas question to the leakage rate, the years of coal displaced, the generation efficiencies of the plants, and other important factors. In the vast majority of cases, natural gas results ...
Executive Summary CHILE`S FIRST BIENNIAL UPDATE REPORT
... announced in 2009 will be important to consider when designing and developing public policies in the country, and when preparing the national position at the UNFCCC negotiation of the 2015 agreement, which we expect will be completed successfully at COP 21 in Paris. At the same time, Chile’s vulnera ...
... announced in 2009 will be important to consider when designing and developing public policies in the country, and when preparing the national position at the UNFCCC negotiation of the 2015 agreement, which we expect will be completed successfully at COP 21 in Paris. At the same time, Chile’s vulnera ...
CCWG - Vietnam Climate Finance Options
... climate occurs because of internal changes within the climate system or in the interaction between its components, or because of changes in external forcing either for natural reasons or because of human activities. It is generally not possible clearly to make attribution between these causes. Proje ...
... climate occurs because of internal changes within the climate system or in the interaction between its components, or because of changes in external forcing either for natural reasons or because of human activities. It is generally not possible clearly to make attribution between these causes. Proje ...
Southern Ocean warming delayed by circumpolar up
... feedback’ on SSTs anomalies (relative to the control) with value λ = 1 Wm−2 K−1 , representing the additional energy emitted to space as the surface warms; this value is characteristic of feedbacks found within the CMIP5 GCMs and estimated from satellite observations43 . Equilibrium would ...
... feedback’ on SSTs anomalies (relative to the control) with value λ = 1 Wm−2 K−1 , representing the additional energy emitted to space as the surface warms; this value is characteristic of feedbacks found within the CMIP5 GCMs and estimated from satellite observations43 . Equilibrium would ...
Climate change presents increased potential for
... and Cherry 2004) that uses all VLF weeks and resampling with replacement of a subset of non-VLF weeks (n ¼ 50 000) drawn from the distribution of voxels within an ecoregion. They used the most frequent set of predictor variables from 1000 simulations for subsequent modelling. The area under the curv ...
... and Cherry 2004) that uses all VLF weeks and resampling with replacement of a subset of non-VLF weeks (n ¼ 50 000) drawn from the distribution of voxels within an ecoregion. They used the most frequent set of predictor variables from 1000 simulations for subsequent modelling. The area under the curv ...
A Summary of Climate Change Risks for London
... It is important to note that over 80 per cent of these properties are at ‘low’ flood risk (0.5 per cent or less chance in any one year), but that there are over 83,000 properties at ‘moderate’ risk (between 0.5 and 1.3 per cent chance in one year) or ‘significant’ risk (more than 1.3 per cent chance ...
... It is important to note that over 80 per cent of these properties are at ‘low’ flood risk (0.5 per cent or less chance in any one year), but that there are over 83,000 properties at ‘moderate’ risk (between 0.5 and 1.3 per cent chance in one year) or ‘significant’ risk (more than 1.3 per cent chance ...
Full Paper - WebMeets.com
... global warming could accelerate the cycle of evaporation and rainfall over the oceans, which may be a strong indicator of higher potential for extreme weather in the coming ...
... global warming could accelerate the cycle of evaporation and rainfall over the oceans, which may be a strong indicator of higher potential for extreme weather in the coming ...
The National Climate Change Response Policy
... The Climate Change Response Public Works Flagship Programme - the consolidation and expansion of, for example, Working for Water, Working on Fire, and Working for Energy. The Water Conservation and Demand Management Flagship Programme accelerated implementation of the National Water Conservation and ...
... The Climate Change Response Public Works Flagship Programme - the consolidation and expansion of, for example, Working for Water, Working on Fire, and Working for Energy. The Water Conservation and Demand Management Flagship Programme accelerated implementation of the National Water Conservation and ...
Briefing_note_on_legal_synergies
... A number of actions have already been taken by both the MP and the UNFCCC which reflect the overlap between ozone depletion and climate change. Aware of the effects of emissions of ODS and their alternatives on climate, the parties to the MP have made their concern explicit in numerous decisions. 2 ...
... A number of actions have already been taken by both the MP and the UNFCCC which reflect the overlap between ozone depletion and climate change. Aware of the effects of emissions of ODS and their alternatives on climate, the parties to the MP have made their concern explicit in numerous decisions. 2 ...
Briefing_note_on_legal_synergies
... A number of actions have already been taken by both the MP and the UNFCCC which reflect the overlap between ozone depletion and climate change. Aware of the effects of emissions of ODS and their alternatives on climate, the parties to the MP have made their concern explicit in numerous decisions. 2 ...
... A number of actions have already been taken by both the MP and the UNFCCC which reflect the overlap between ozone depletion and climate change. Aware of the effects of emissions of ODS and their alternatives on climate, the parties to the MP have made their concern explicit in numerous decisions. 2 ...
Accounting for Extreme Events in the Economic Assessment of
... annual costs (about 65 billions US in 2003) and they are suspected of being strong obstacles to the development of poor countries (IFRCRCS (2002), Benson and Clay (2004)). This year, the tropical cyclone landfall in Haı̈tia (more than 2000 fatalities), the four ones in Florida (about 50 billions U.S ...
... annual costs (about 65 billions US in 2003) and they are suspected of being strong obstacles to the development of poor countries (IFRCRCS (2002), Benson and Clay (2004)). This year, the tropical cyclone landfall in Haı̈tia (more than 2000 fatalities), the four ones in Florida (about 50 billions U.S ...
The Importance of Carbon Footprint Estimation
... and supply chain environmental impacts, e.g., GHG emissions. For life-cycle assessment studies, the basic economic input-output model is often augmented with impact data for specific goods, services, and organizations, rather than by using average economic sector data; the resulting analysis is term ...
... and supply chain environmental impacts, e.g., GHG emissions. For life-cycle assessment studies, the basic economic input-output model is often augmented with impact data for specific goods, services, and organizations, rather than by using average economic sector data; the resulting analysis is term ...
i4332e01
... example, to develop agricultural technologies for the hotspot regions. In extreme cases, hotspots may provide forewarning of areas where agriculture could be untenable in the future, leading to shifts out of agriculture or migration away from the hotspot. Areas identified as climate opportunities, i ...
... example, to develop agricultural technologies for the hotspot regions. In extreme cases, hotspots may provide forewarning of areas where agriculture could be untenable in the future, leading to shifts out of agriculture or migration away from the hotspot. Areas identified as climate opportunities, i ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.