The Climate Public Expenditure and Institutional Review (CPEIR
... flows classified as official development assistance, which may well be addressing the development deficit and needs to cover climate variability. ...
... flows classified as official development assistance, which may well be addressing the development deficit and needs to cover climate variability. ...
analysis - Climate Change Commission Wales
... This paper describes the process whereby the breakout sessions in this workshop were managed and their outputs subsequently analysed. The intention is to provide a clear “line of sight” between the headline messages that came out of the workshop and the detailed input made by the delegates. As such, ...
... This paper describes the process whereby the breakout sessions in this workshop were managed and their outputs subsequently analysed. The intention is to provide a clear “line of sight” between the headline messages that came out of the workshop and the detailed input made by the delegates. As such, ...
Trends in the land and ocean carbon uptake
... keep up with the CO2 emissions, which I call the ‘sink efficiency’ in this paper. Although AF is only an indirect measure of the sink efficiency, it is the only available long time series based on observations. There are many factors that influence AF: First the rate of increase in CO2 emissions pla ...
... keep up with the CO2 emissions, which I call the ‘sink efficiency’ in this paper. Although AF is only an indirect measure of the sink efficiency, it is the only available long time series based on observations. There are many factors that influence AF: First the rate of increase in CO2 emissions pla ...
The Ocean in a High-CO2 World
... Impacts on these calcifying organisms will lead to cascading effects throughout marine ecosystems. Repeated hydrographic cruises and modelling studies in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans show evidence for increased ocean acidification. The dissolved inorganic carbon increases in surface water ...
... Impacts on these calcifying organisms will lead to cascading effects throughout marine ecosystems. Repeated hydrographic cruises and modelling studies in the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian oceans show evidence for increased ocean acidification. The dissolved inorganic carbon increases in surface water ...
Extreme precipitation response to climate perturbations in an
... level of 850 hPa. The temperature response gradually increases up to 3 ◦ C at 300 hPa. Thus, the atmospheric temperature lapse rate slightly decreases in the climate change simulation. The relative humidity slightly decreases with 1–2% between the surface and 300 hPa, and increases by 5% near 200 hP ...
... level of 850 hPa. The temperature response gradually increases up to 3 ◦ C at 300 hPa. Thus, the atmospheric temperature lapse rate slightly decreases in the climate change simulation. The relative humidity slightly decreases with 1–2% between the surface and 300 hPa, and increases by 5% near 200 hP ...
Context Analysis - Kenya livestock Marketing Council
... Pastoralism leads to 14.5% 0f human-induced GHG emissions according to a FAO 2013 report 12 however a subsequent FAO 2015 report13 with Scientists from Mazingira centre have found out that Tier 1 emission factors established by the intergovernmental panel on climate change ( IPCC) overestimate both ...
... Pastoralism leads to 14.5% 0f human-induced GHG emissions according to a FAO 2013 report 12 however a subsequent FAO 2015 report13 with Scientists from Mazingira centre have found out that Tier 1 emission factors established by the intergovernmental panel on climate change ( IPCC) overestimate both ...
- OCL - Oilseeds and fats, Crops and Lipids
... locations. They concluded to limited changes for non-irrigated sunflower as a consequence of sufficient soil water refillment during winter fallow period. Guilioni et al. (2010) used both SUNFLO and STICS crop models (both including CO2 effects) to simulate baseline, next and far future climate (CLIMAT ...
... locations. They concluded to limited changes for non-irrigated sunflower as a consequence of sufficient soil water refillment during winter fallow period. Guilioni et al. (2010) used both SUNFLO and STICS crop models (both including CO2 effects) to simulate baseline, next and far future climate (CLIMAT ...
9 Towards global agreemenT Key points
... in place to support national action. The most important of these will be international trading of emissions entitlements and public funding for technological development and adaptation. These two areas are covered by the Kyoto Protocol, which takes as its starting point the global stabilisation goa ...
... in place to support national action. The most important of these will be international trading of emissions entitlements and public funding for technological development and adaptation. These two areas are covered by the Kyoto Protocol, which takes as its starting point the global stabilisation goa ...
Report of the Working Group on Climate Change
... climatic factors affecting agro-ecosystems and thereby influencing crop yield in different magnitudes. Climate change and variability threatens to increase the frequency and the intensity of these factors. The weather and seasonal fluctuations in variables such as rainfall, temperature and humidity, ...
... climatic factors affecting agro-ecosystems and thereby influencing crop yield in different magnitudes. Climate change and variability threatens to increase the frequency and the intensity of these factors. The weather and seasonal fluctuations in variables such as rainfall, temperature and humidity, ...
5. Hydrology - Skagit County
... Figure 5.6 shows changes in annual streamflow for the Skagit River near Mount Vernon (Figure 5.5) and cool-season precipitation averaged over the associated upstream basin area for each climate change scenario relative to the historical simulation (water years 1916 to 2006). Changes in annual stream ...
... Figure 5.6 shows changes in annual streamflow for the Skagit River near Mount Vernon (Figure 5.5) and cool-season precipitation averaged over the associated upstream basin area for each climate change scenario relative to the historical simulation (water years 1916 to 2006). Changes in annual stream ...
The Changing Earth-Life System—Critical Information for
... nized the necessity of studying the complete diversity of these past Earth system states in detail (Parrish et al., 2011), but progress has been slow for a variety of reasons, including the difficulty of accurately positioning the numerous, high-resolution environmental records in time. Despite the ...
... nized the necessity of studying the complete diversity of these past Earth system states in detail (Parrish et al., 2011), but progress has been slow for a variety of reasons, including the difficulty of accurately positioning the numerous, high-resolution environmental records in time. Despite the ...
US-China Relations Core – Wave 2 – HSS
... an existential threat. One would think that two people in a boat on rough seas would, for selfpreservation’s sake, put aside differences and cooperate. High income countries, however, do not suffer as much from extreme weather and rising sea levels as poor countries (although the former is responsib ...
... an existential threat. One would think that two people in a boat on rough seas would, for selfpreservation’s sake, put aside differences and cooperate. High income countries, however, do not suffer as much from extreme weather and rising sea levels as poor countries (although the former is responsib ...
Economics of Adaptation to Climate Change among Crop Mohammed, D
... climate change (IPCC, 2007; BNRCC, 2008). This is due to the fact that majority of the countries’ population engage in agriculture as their primary occupation and agriculture in the country is mainly rain fed. Food production will be adversely affected by the variability in timing and amount of rain ...
... climate change (IPCC, 2007; BNRCC, 2008). This is due to the fact that majority of the countries’ population engage in agriculture as their primary occupation and agriculture in the country is mainly rain fed. Food production will be adversely affected by the variability in timing and amount of rain ...
Today
... KEY COMPONENTS OF A NATIONAL CLIMATE SERVICE Unlike climate services, weather services are familiar to most citizens. Weather services focus on the description, analysis, and atmospheric forecasting on very short time scales, from minutes extending up to a period of one week to ten days. The objecti ...
... KEY COMPONENTS OF A NATIONAL CLIMATE SERVICE Unlike climate services, weather services are familiar to most citizens. Weather services focus on the description, analysis, and atmospheric forecasting on very short time scales, from minutes extending up to a period of one week to ten days. The objecti ...
designed solutions to global threats
... SOURCES OF NON-HUMAN CHANGES CAUSES OF PAST EXTINCTIONS CLIMATE CHANGE/GLACIATION HAS CAUSED EXTINCTIONS - ROTATION IN ELIPTICAL ORBIT AROUND THE SUN- ONE YEAR - SEASONS CAUSED BY TILT OF EARTHS AXES IN SOLAR PLANE - WINTER AND SUMMER VARY IN CLOSENESS TO SUN- 21000 YEARS - CHANGE IN DIRECTION OF T ...
... SOURCES OF NON-HUMAN CHANGES CAUSES OF PAST EXTINCTIONS CLIMATE CHANGE/GLACIATION HAS CAUSED EXTINCTIONS - ROTATION IN ELIPTICAL ORBIT AROUND THE SUN- ONE YEAR - SEASONS CAUSED BY TILT OF EARTHS AXES IN SOLAR PLANE - WINTER AND SUMMER VARY IN CLOSENESS TO SUN- 21000 YEARS - CHANGE IN DIRECTION OF T ...
Partners with nature - How healthy ecosystems are helping the
... in all adaptation planning, processes and decision-making – should help prevent ‘mal-adaptation’ and support ‘no regret’ and ‘multiple benefit’ measures. This does not preclude other approaches, but can help integrate all approaches and methodologies necessary to deal with complex and dynamic situat ...
... in all adaptation planning, processes and decision-making – should help prevent ‘mal-adaptation’ and support ‘no regret’ and ‘multiple benefit’ measures. This does not preclude other approaches, but can help integrate all approaches and methodologies necessary to deal with complex and dynamic situat ...
Petition - Center for Biological Diversity
... consequent effects of global warming are becoming ever more apparent. Severe droughts and heat waves, extreme weather events, and other climate disruptions are leaving more than 300,000 people dead per year. Arctic sea ice loss, bleaching of coral reefs, and species extinctions are mounting. At this ...
... consequent effects of global warming are becoming ever more apparent. Severe droughts and heat waves, extreme weather events, and other climate disruptions are leaving more than 300,000 people dead per year. Arctic sea ice loss, bleaching of coral reefs, and species extinctions are mounting. At this ...
Greenhouse Gas Reduction: Cap-and-Trade Bills in the 110 Congress
... Cap-and-Trade Bills in the 110th Congress Introduction Climate change is generally viewed as a global issue, but proposed responses generally require action at the national level. In 1992, the United States ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which called on ...
... Cap-and-Trade Bills in the 110th Congress Introduction Climate change is generally viewed as a global issue, but proposed responses generally require action at the national level. In 1992, the United States ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), which called on ...
- White Rose Research Online
... change communication from environmental communication in general: 1) The cause of climate change, greenhouse gas emissions, is mainly invisible, 2) at least in the Western world, most people perceive the impacts as temporally and geographically distant, 3) modern society has been insulated from its ...
... change communication from environmental communication in general: 1) The cause of climate change, greenhouse gas emissions, is mainly invisible, 2) at least in the Western world, most people perceive the impacts as temporally and geographically distant, 3) modern society has been insulated from its ...
The Relevance of the No-Harm Principle to Climate Change Law
... projects with a focus on certain environmental issues, contrasts sharply with the restorative obligations of a state responsible for an internationally wrongful act. Although the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) requires developed states to “assist [developing states] that are part ...
... projects with a focus on certain environmental issues, contrasts sharply with the restorative obligations of a state responsible for an internationally wrongful act. Although the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) requires developed states to “assist [developing states] that are part ...
Future directions in adaptation research
... triple loop learning (Moser & Ekstrom 2010) NCCAF: Sectoral adaptation plans to be revised and updated every five years; Local Authority County Development plans adopted every six years What institutional or organisational innovations will ...
... triple loop learning (Moser & Ekstrom 2010) NCCAF: Sectoral adaptation plans to be revised and updated every five years; Local Authority County Development plans adopted every six years What institutional or organisational innovations will ...
The role of ecosystems in climate change adaptation and disaster
... human systems makes adaptation imperative. Adaptation, in human systems, is defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change as the process of adjustment to actual or expected climate and its effects, in order to moderate harm or exploit beneficial opportunities. In natural systems, it refers ...
... human systems makes adaptation imperative. Adaptation, in human systems, is defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change as the process of adjustment to actual or expected climate and its effects, in order to moderate harm or exploit beneficial opportunities. In natural systems, it refers ...
biodegradable materials influencing climate change
... economic and functional benefits to society. While regular plastics that contain Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) require oil for their manufacturing, biodegradable plastics are made with biomass, allowing for the recovery of fossil fuels without harming the earth with the release of toxic gases. Th ...
... economic and functional benefits to society. While regular plastics that contain Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) require oil for their manufacturing, biodegradable plastics are made with biomass, allowing for the recovery of fossil fuels without harming the earth with the release of toxic gases. Th ...
The influence of climate change on flood risks in France
... flood losses is still out of reach, especially at local scale, but that future national-scale losses may change significantly over this century, requiring policy changes in terms of risk management and land-use planning. ...
... flood losses is still out of reach, especially at local scale, but that future national-scale losses may change significantly over this century, requiring policy changes in terms of risk management and land-use planning. ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.