Overall scientific concept with short-term and long
... Overall scientific concept with short-term and long-term goals With the onset of industrialization, humans began adding significantly to the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases, in particular through carbon dioxide emissions resulting from burning fossil fuels. Anthropogenic climate change ...
... Overall scientific concept with short-term and long-term goals With the onset of industrialization, humans began adding significantly to the atmospheric concentration of greenhouse gases, in particular through carbon dioxide emissions resulting from burning fossil fuels. Anthropogenic climate change ...
The Economics of Climate Change in the Caribbean
... The following symbols have been used in this study: A full stop (.) is used to indicate decimals n.a. is used to indicated that data are not available The use of a hyphen (-) between years, for example, 2010-2019, signifies an annual average for the calendar years involved, including the beginning a ...
... The following symbols have been used in this study: A full stop (.) is used to indicate decimals n.a. is used to indicated that data are not available The use of a hyphen (-) between years, for example, 2010-2019, signifies an annual average for the calendar years involved, including the beginning a ...
insects at not so low temperature
... A wide variety of animals use the length of day as an anticipatory cue (photoperiodism) to prepare in advance for the changing seasons. Photoperiodism is used to cue the seasonal timing of reproduction, migration or dormancy in rotifers (Pourriot and Clémont, 1975), annelids (Fong and Pearse, 1992; ...
... A wide variety of animals use the length of day as an anticipatory cue (photoperiodism) to prepare in advance for the changing seasons. Photoperiodism is used to cue the seasonal timing of reproduction, migration or dormancy in rotifers (Pourriot and Clémont, 1975), annelids (Fong and Pearse, 1992; ...
Climate change and marine plankton
... Box 1. What is plankton? The word ‘plankton’ derives from the Greek ‘planktos’ meaning to ‘drift’ or ‘wander’ and is used to describe passively drifting small plants (phytoplankton) and animals (zooplankton) in aquatic systems. Although plankton can change their depth through active swimming and cha ...
... Box 1. What is plankton? The word ‘plankton’ derives from the Greek ‘planktos’ meaning to ‘drift’ or ‘wander’ and is used to describe passively drifting small plants (phytoplankton) and animals (zooplankton) in aquatic systems. Although plankton can change their depth through active swimming and cha ...
Climate change and marine plankton Graeme C. Hays , Anthony J. Richardson
... Box 1. What is plankton? The word ‘plankton’ derives from the Greek ‘planktos’ meaning to ‘drift’ or ‘wander’ and is used to describe passively drifting small plants (phytoplankton) and animals (zooplankton) in aquatic systems. Although plankton can change their depth through active swimming and cha ...
... Box 1. What is plankton? The word ‘plankton’ derives from the Greek ‘planktos’ meaning to ‘drift’ or ‘wander’ and is used to describe passively drifting small plants (phytoplankton) and animals (zooplankton) in aquatic systems. Although plankton can change their depth through active swimming and cha ...
KidsCall-Climate Change
... Deterioration in coastal conditions e.g. beach erosion and coral bleaching. Loss of biodiversity and local resources. Loss of land. ...
... Deterioration in coastal conditions e.g. beach erosion and coral bleaching. Loss of biodiversity and local resources. Loss of land. ...
Conflict over Climate Change Politics - GUPEA
... This paper is concentrating upon the Heathrow expansion as a question in relation to the governing of climate change. However, it also calls for the question of how an expanding policy of climate change needs to incorporate the sphere of civil aviation as a source of greenhouse gas emissions. It is ...
... This paper is concentrating upon the Heathrow expansion as a question in relation to the governing of climate change. However, it also calls for the question of how an expanding policy of climate change needs to incorporate the sphere of civil aviation as a source of greenhouse gas emissions. It is ...
Consequences of climate change for biogeochemical cycling in
... temperatures. These examples demonstrate that the indirect effect of a change in species composition could be potentially quite important and could outweigh the direct effects of changes in climate alone. Length of the growing season The growing season is typically defined as the length of time betw ...
... temperatures. These examples demonstrate that the indirect effect of a change in species composition could be potentially quite important and could outweigh the direct effects of changes in climate alone. Length of the growing season The growing season is typically defined as the length of time betw ...
English - Stockholm Convention
... temperate species of fish and sea mammals has been observed in the Arctic during this period, while many populations of arctic species decline. Lower temperatures in the stratosphere, a consequence of climate change, is likely to increase the frequency and severity of ozone-depletion in the Arctic, ...
... temperate species of fish and sea mammals has been observed in the Arctic during this period, while many populations of arctic species decline. Lower temperatures in the stratosphere, a consequence of climate change, is likely to increase the frequency and severity of ozone-depletion in the Arctic, ...
Geographic disparities and moral hazards in the predicted impacts
... the same degree, application of niche modelling to a species as widespread and well known as humans may also provide insight into the implicit logic and general limitations of niche modelling in ecology. Humans are globally distributed, but human population density is regionally variable. Accordingl ...
... the same degree, application of niche modelling to a species as widespread and well known as humans may also provide insight into the implicit logic and general limitations of niche modelling in ecology. Humans are globally distributed, but human population density is regionally variable. Accordingl ...
UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY
... temperatures in the coming century will likely be equal to or marginally higher than the global average, with a concentration of warming in the winter and in higher latitudes. Reducing emissions of carbon dioxide, even by over 80%, will have no measurable effect on global mean surface temperature or ...
... temperatures in the coming century will likely be equal to or marginally higher than the global average, with a concentration of warming in the winter and in higher latitudes. Reducing emissions of carbon dioxide, even by over 80%, will have no measurable effect on global mean surface temperature or ...
Mechanisms of the African monsoon: new insights from
... From regional variability to global climate change Climate modelling is used as a tool for forecasting changes in the climate and its importance is due to utilization of these predictions in political decision-making. In the latest IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) report, the working ...
... From regional variability to global climate change Climate modelling is used as a tool for forecasting changes in the climate and its importance is due to utilization of these predictions in political decision-making. In the latest IPCC (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change) report, the working ...
Economics of PGRFA Management for Adaptation to Climate Change: A Review of Selected Literature
... change, the biggest losses in suitable cropland are likely to be in Africa, whereas the largest expansion of suitable cropland is in the Russian Federation and Central Asia. Temperature rise will also expand the range of many agricultural pests and increase the ability of pest populations to survive ...
... change, the biggest losses in suitable cropland are likely to be in Africa, whereas the largest expansion of suitable cropland is in the Russian Federation and Central Asia. Temperature rise will also expand the range of many agricultural pests and increase the ability of pest populations to survive ...
The Climate of the Last Millennium
... amplitude of inter-annual variability, a simpler model suggests that precessional forcing should result in weakened interannual ENSO strength. When radiation anomalies are strongly positive in boreal summer, as in the early to mid-Holocene, they result in stronger trade winds that cool the eastern P ...
... amplitude of inter-annual variability, a simpler model suggests that precessional forcing should result in weakened interannual ENSO strength. When radiation anomalies are strongly positive in boreal summer, as in the early to mid-Holocene, they result in stronger trade winds that cool the eastern P ...
Estimating the impact of traffic on the UTLS QUANTIFY
... regional to local scale for the territory of central and eastern Europe, with emphasis on using very high climate resolution in order to capture the effects of the complex terrain of the region. From the viewpoint of climate scenario production, this goal will be achieved through a strategy of multi ...
... regional to local scale for the territory of central and eastern Europe, with emphasis on using very high climate resolution in order to capture the effects of the complex terrain of the region. From the viewpoint of climate scenario production, this goal will be achieved through a strategy of multi ...
Mesozoic Climates. - Return to Home Page
... empirical evidence of climate change, and modelling evidence of the causes of climate change may have been omitted. In this sense, the guide represents a snapshot in time of the current understanding of climate change, which is open to future development. The opportunity therefore exists for readers ...
... empirical evidence of climate change, and modelling evidence of the causes of climate change may have been omitted. In this sense, the guide represents a snapshot in time of the current understanding of climate change, which is open to future development. The opportunity therefore exists for readers ...
Upward ant distribution shift corresponds with minimum, not
... study sites and subject them to thermal tolerance testing in a controlled setting and find that maximum and minimum temperature acclimatization occurs along the elevation gradient in both species, but A. rudis consistently becomes physiologically incapacitated at minimum and maximum temperatures 2 ° ...
... study sites and subject them to thermal tolerance testing in a controlled setting and find that maximum and minimum temperature acclimatization occurs along the elevation gradient in both species, but A. rudis consistently becomes physiologically incapacitated at minimum and maximum temperatures 2 ° ...
Bias corrections of global models for regional climate simulations
... important to also remember that the GCM data were generated at a coarse resolution, where local processes and terrain heterogeneity were not taken into account. It also is possible that statistical downscaling methods developed on past climate might not hold true under climate change conditions. An ...
... important to also remember that the GCM data were generated at a coarse resolution, where local processes and terrain heterogeneity were not taken into account. It also is possible that statistical downscaling methods developed on past climate might not hold true under climate change conditions. An ...
Tipping elements in the Arctic marine ecosystem Carlos M. Duarte1
... external pressures in the proximity of these thresholds or tipping points (May 1977, Scheffer et al. 2001, Scheffer and Carpenter 2003, Groffman et al. 2006). Whereas the term tipping point was initially introduced in the context of the climate change debate in a metaphoric manner, it has since been ...
... external pressures in the proximity of these thresholds or tipping points (May 1977, Scheffer et al. 2001, Scheffer and Carpenter 2003, Groffman et al. 2006). Whereas the term tipping point was initially introduced in the context of the climate change debate in a metaphoric manner, it has since been ...
The CCPC grew out of the International Council of Local
... such as the liberalisation of energy markets, lack of funding for research on renewable energy and the failure of national governments to prioritise climate politics, can hinder local work to reduce GHGs. Nevertheless, cities take the climate challenge seriously, and there are numerous examples worl ...
... such as the liberalisation of energy markets, lack of funding for research on renewable energy and the failure of national governments to prioritise climate politics, can hinder local work to reduce GHGs. Nevertheless, cities take the climate challenge seriously, and there are numerous examples worl ...
How The Wall Street Journal Opinion Section
... Having a “vested interest” in an issue by no means invalidates one’s opinion or means a writer is de facto being dishonest. But the op-eds published by the Wall Street Journal are debunked by fact checkers for making “several incorrect claims”86 and routinely panned by academics. Over the past two d ...
... Having a “vested interest” in an issue by no means invalidates one’s opinion or means a writer is de facto being dishonest. But the op-eds published by the Wall Street Journal are debunked by fact checkers for making “several incorrect claims”86 and routinely panned by academics. Over the past two d ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.