Mayors Adapt - EN Political Commitment
... European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions recall that the objective of keeping the global mean surface temperature increase below 2°C compared with preindustrial levels requires urgent and ambitious mitigation action by the global community; and underlines that adaptati ...
... European Economic and Social Committee and the Committee of the Regions recall that the objective of keeping the global mean surface temperature increase below 2°C compared with preindustrial levels requires urgent and ambitious mitigation action by the global community; and underlines that adaptati ...
Guide to Climate Change Convention
... While the world’s climate has always varied naturally, the vast majority of scientists now believe that rising concentrations of “greenhouse gases” in the earth’s atmosphere, resulting from economic and demographic growth over the last two centuries since the industrial revolution, are overriding th ...
... While the world’s climate has always varied naturally, the vast majority of scientists now believe that rising concentrations of “greenhouse gases” in the earth’s atmosphere, resulting from economic and demographic growth over the last two centuries since the industrial revolution, are overriding th ...
Document
... Gloucestershire has a long flood history and it has been recent events such as the summer flooding of 2007, spring flooding of 2012 and winter flooding of 2013/14 that have been most recently notable, in terms of impact (Posthumus et al. 2008, 2009). A farmer postal survey was undertaken during Nove ...
... Gloucestershire has a long flood history and it has been recent events such as the summer flooding of 2007, spring flooding of 2012 and winter flooding of 2013/14 that have been most recently notable, in terms of impact (Posthumus et al. 2008, 2009). A farmer postal survey was undertaken during Nove ...
Climate Change, Natural Hazards and Cities
... unusual in comparison with changes in global temperature data for the past 600-1000 years that have been inferred from proxy indicators. Over the 20th century, the globally averaged surface air temperature has increased by 0.6±0.2°C. In addition, there seems to be some evidence for a corresponding s ...
... unusual in comparison with changes in global temperature data for the past 600-1000 years that have been inferred from proxy indicators. Over the 20th century, the globally averaged surface air temperature has increased by 0.6±0.2°C. In addition, there seems to be some evidence for a corresponding s ...
KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY
... According to the latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change (IPCC), average global temperatures are likely to rise by another 0.3 to 4.8 degree centigrade by 2100. If we take aggressive action to reduce emissions, the temperature change could be modest. If we continue on our pr ...
... According to the latest report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate change (IPCC), average global temperatures are likely to rise by another 0.3 to 4.8 degree centigrade by 2100. If we take aggressive action to reduce emissions, the temperature change could be modest. If we continue on our pr ...
Print - Climate Change Knowledge Portal
... Highly vulnerable to climate variations, Togo’s agriculture sector constitutes 43% of GDP and is the mainstay of most Togolese livelihoods. Agriculture will remain the mainstay of economic growth for the foreseeable future, with staple crops being yams, cassava, corn, millet, sorghum, cocoa, coffee, ...
... Highly vulnerable to climate variations, Togo’s agriculture sector constitutes 43% of GDP and is the mainstay of most Togolese livelihoods. Agriculture will remain the mainstay of economic growth for the foreseeable future, with staple crops being yams, cassava, corn, millet, sorghum, cocoa, coffee, ...
Impact of extreme weather on critical infrastructure Deliverable D2.1
... the Work Package (WP) 2. They will be analyzed over Europe with a special focus on the critical infrastructures (CI) identified in the frame of WP5. It is very important to emphasize that EWIs represent a concise way to characterize the expected changes, in frequency and intensity, of weather induce ...
... the Work Package (WP) 2. They will be analyzed over Europe with a special focus on the critical infrastructures (CI) identified in the frame of WP5. It is very important to emphasize that EWIs represent a concise way to characterize the expected changes, in frequency and intensity, of weather induce ...
Beyond generic adaptive capacity: exploring the adaptation space of
... stability and management resources. Smit et al. (2001: 879) argue that “[an] enhancement of adaptive capacity reduces vulnerabilities” Developments over the last decade have however shown that possessing high adaptive capacity based on these metrics may not in itself necessarily lead to a reduction ...
... stability and management resources. Smit et al. (2001: 879) argue that “[an] enhancement of adaptive capacity reduces vulnerabilities” Developments over the last decade have however shown that possessing high adaptive capacity based on these metrics may not in itself necessarily lead to a reduction ...
Relative Sea Level Rise Scenarios
... ΔSLRG is the regional variation in sea level due to changes in the earth’s gravitational field ΔSLVLM is the change in sea level due to vertical land movement ...
... ΔSLRG is the regional variation in sea level due to changes in the earth’s gravitational field ΔSLVLM is the change in sea level due to vertical land movement ...
Climate change and global water resources
... resources are calculated, including both internally generated runo! and upstream imports, and compared with national water use estimates developed for the United Nations Comprehensive Assessment of the Freshwater Resources of the World. Although there is variation between scenarios, the results sugg ...
... resources are calculated, including both internally generated runo! and upstream imports, and compared with national water use estimates developed for the United Nations Comprehensive Assessment of the Freshwater Resources of the World. Although there is variation between scenarios, the results sugg ...
The Economics of Climate Change in Brazil: Costs and
... climate change according to IPCC’s B2 climate scenario. They represent future trends for the Brazilian economy assuming that the world will evolve globally according to IPCC’s (economic) assumptions contained in climate scenario A2 and climate scenario B2 [1]. Although the climate-related problems a ...
... climate change according to IPCC’s B2 climate scenario. They represent future trends for the Brazilian economy assuming that the world will evolve globally according to IPCC’s (economic) assumptions contained in climate scenario A2 and climate scenario B2 [1]. Although the climate-related problems a ...
Second National Communication of Brazil to the United Nations
... removals by sinks of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol; submission of a general description of steps taken or envisaged to implement the Convention; and submission of any other information that the Party considers relevant for achieving the objective of the Convention. The doc ...
... removals by sinks of greenhouse gases not controlled by the Montreal Protocol; submission of a general description of steps taken or envisaged to implement the Convention; and submission of any other information that the Party considers relevant for achieving the objective of the Convention. The doc ...
MeetingReport-CC_and_Displacement
... b) Be Wary of the Dangers of Poor Resettlement - In addition, there had been considerable experience with resettlement around the world which provided valuable lessons-learned, such as the need for sustainable resettlement and the need to reconstitute a society, not just to build new houses), which ...
... b) Be Wary of the Dangers of Poor Resettlement - In addition, there had been considerable experience with resettlement around the world which provided valuable lessons-learned, such as the need for sustainable resettlement and the need to reconstitute a society, not just to build new houses), which ...
Tasmanian Greenhouse Gas Accounts State Greenhouse Gas
... This report presents Tasmania’s greenhouse gas emissions by sector for 2011-12 and tracks progress towards the legislated emissions reduction target. Tasmania’s Climate Change (State Action) Act 2008 sets a target of 60 per cent below 1990 levels by 2050. The Act provides an overarching framework to ...
... This report presents Tasmania’s greenhouse gas emissions by sector for 2011-12 and tracks progress towards the legislated emissions reduction target. Tasmania’s Climate Change (State Action) Act 2008 sets a target of 60 per cent below 1990 levels by 2050. The Act provides an overarching framework to ...
How can decision-makers in developing countries incorporate uncertainty about future climate risks into existing planning and policymaking processes? (424 kB) (opens in new window)
... 2009). This paper outlines a set of simple, practical principles to give some guidance on how decision-makers in developing countries can incorporate uncertainty into existing policymaking and planning processes today. ...
... 2009). This paper outlines a set of simple, practical principles to give some guidance on how decision-makers in developing countries can incorporate uncertainty into existing policymaking and planning processes today. ...
Global Change and the Earth System
... activities of people - the phenomenon of global change. Begun centuries ago, this transformation has undergone a profound acceleration during the second half of the 20th century. During the last 100 years human population soared from little more than one to six billion and economic activity increase ...
... activities of people - the phenomenon of global change. Begun centuries ago, this transformation has undergone a profound acceleration during the second half of the 20th century. During the last 100 years human population soared from little more than one to six billion and economic activity increase ...
India`s Megacities and Climate Change
... consensual position has been found internationally. This is known as, ‘common but differentiated responsibility and respective capabilities’ (CBDRRC) as set out in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Article 4.1).1 Mitigation is well entrenched within international deliberati ...
... consensual position has been found internationally. This is known as, ‘common but differentiated responsibility and respective capabilities’ (CBDRRC) as set out in the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, Article 4.1).1 Mitigation is well entrenched within international deliberati ...
Now you Sea Ice, Now you Don`t
... This directed inquiry uses the jigsaw method, a cooperative learning technique that encourages every student to be an active and equal participant (Aronson, 2011). To begin, students are categorized into “base groups” investigating the topic from five specialized perspectives. Individuals from each ...
... This directed inquiry uses the jigsaw method, a cooperative learning technique that encourages every student to be an active and equal participant (Aronson, 2011). To begin, students are categorized into “base groups” investigating the topic from five specialized perspectives. Individuals from each ...
What do we know about the economics of adaptation?
... pointed out that air pollution is a public bad that should be subject to taxation. However, it was not before the 1970s and 1980s that allocation of public goods attracted major attention among economists, although the rise in interest in public choice theory can be associated with Buchanan’s (1954) ...
... pointed out that air pollution is a public bad that should be subject to taxation. However, it was not before the 1970s and 1980s that allocation of public goods attracted major attention among economists, although the rise in interest in public choice theory can be associated with Buchanan’s (1954) ...
No consensus on consensus
... favor of new experiments, ideas and theories. There are four arguments that undermine the consensus perspective [24]: scientific research is controversy-laden; incommensurability of theories; underdetermination of theories and successful counternormal behavior. The importance of controversy is evide ...
... favor of new experiments, ideas and theories. There are four arguments that undermine the consensus perspective [24]: scientific research is controversy-laden; incommensurability of theories; underdetermination of theories and successful counternormal behavior. The importance of controversy is evide ...
WETLANDS, CARBON STORAGE, AND FUTURE CLIMATE
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has estimated that global surface air temperatures will increase another 2-8F in the next hundred years with a “best guess” increase of 3.5 degrees by 2100. The most significant increases will occur in the northern latitudes. The temperature of wetlan ...
... Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has estimated that global surface air temperatures will increase another 2-8F in the next hundred years with a “best guess” increase of 3.5 degrees by 2100. The most significant increases will occur in the northern latitudes. The temperature of wetlan ...
Policy Brief Series - IOM Online Bookstore
... to extreme weather conditions. The coastal village of Le Morne has the lowest RDI in Mauritius as indicated in the table. Despite the high proportion of employed people, many of them are working as registered fishers, farmers and manual workers with relatively low income. Furthermore, their low inco ...
... to extreme weather conditions. The coastal village of Le Morne has the lowest RDI in Mauritius as indicated in the table. Despite the high proportion of employed people, many of them are working as registered fishers, farmers and manual workers with relatively low income. Furthermore, their low inco ...
compilation of experiences in the field of climate change
... Page 5 are based on the understanding that opportunism, flexibility and mobility are the key strategies for sustainable dryland management (Scoones 1994). Although pastoralism is often considered to be synonymous with land degradation and biodiversity loss through over-grazing these claims are often ...
... Page 5 are based on the understanding that opportunism, flexibility and mobility are the key strategies for sustainable dryland management (Scoones 1994). Although pastoralism is often considered to be synonymous with land degradation and biodiversity loss through over-grazing these claims are often ...
DELAWARE AND THE SURGING SEA - Climate
... Local sea level rise can differ from global sea level rise for many reasons. The ocean is not flat, and shifting currents and sea surface temperatures can alter local sea level trends over years or decades. In addition, the land itself is slowly sinking or (more rarely) rising in many coastal areas, ...
... Local sea level rise can differ from global sea level rise for many reasons. The ocean is not flat, and shifting currents and sea surface temperatures can alter local sea level trends over years or decades. In addition, the land itself is slowly sinking or (more rarely) rising in many coastal areas, ...
How much do precipitation extremes change in a warming
... period of data) for one degree increase in global temperature (DT). Yellow bars denote the DP/DT values derived from the GPCP pentad data in 1979–2007. Brown bars are the DP/DT values derived from an ensemble of 14 climate models as reported by Sun et al. [2007]. Green and red bars are those from NC ...
... period of data) for one degree increase in global temperature (DT). Yellow bars denote the DP/DT values derived from the GPCP pentad data in 1979–2007. Brown bars are the DP/DT values derived from an ensemble of 14 climate models as reported by Sun et al. [2007]. Green and red bars are those from NC ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.