Lakes as sentinels and integrators for the effects of climate change
... when the basins of the lake were without outflow, salinity would have increased very rapidly. Eventually, glacial rebound and a more humid climate connected the two basins of the lake. Lake Manitoba, a great lake by most standards at 4624 km2, was almost totally desiccated in the same period (Teller ...
... when the basins of the lake were without outflow, salinity would have increased very rapidly. Eventually, glacial rebound and a more humid climate connected the two basins of the lake. Lake Manitoba, a great lake by most standards at 4624 km2, was almost totally desiccated in the same period (Teller ...
Implications of Climate Change for the Construction Sector.
... The built environment will be affected by climate change in many ways: the purpose of this research was to identify how, and (where possible) how much. Climate change research has so far concentrated on climate models, measurements of climate variables, and research underpinning impact and adaptatio ...
... The built environment will be affected by climate change in many ways: the purpose of this research was to identify how, and (where possible) how much. Climate change research has so far concentrated on climate models, measurements of climate variables, and research underpinning impact and adaptatio ...
Earth System
... Biotic respiration creates CO2 from organic matter. Rapid oxidation (burning) of organic matter creates CO2. Metamorphism of carbonate rocks liberates CO2. Degassing removes dissolved CO2 from water. ...
... Biotic respiration creates CO2 from organic matter. Rapid oxidation (burning) of organic matter creates CO2. Metamorphism of carbonate rocks liberates CO2. Degassing removes dissolved CO2 from water. ...
PDF
... environmental externality among coalition members and uses an international market of carbon to distribute abatement effort.2 We also experiment with weights proportional to population, which give more emphasis to developing countries, the countries that are going to suffer more from climate change. ...
... environmental externality among coalition members and uses an international market of carbon to distribute abatement effort.2 We also experiment with weights proportional to population, which give more emphasis to developing countries, the countries that are going to suffer more from climate change. ...
Preparing BC for Climate Migration
... countries like Canada have disproportionately benefitted from the combustion of fossil fuels, whereas others who have contributed least to climate change will disproportionately feel its impacts. Despite this, at present, there is little interest at the federal and provincial government levels to re ...
... countries like Canada have disproportionately benefitted from the combustion of fossil fuels, whereas others who have contributed least to climate change will disproportionately feel its impacts. Despite this, at present, there is little interest at the federal and provincial government levels to re ...
national climate change policy
... coastal agriculture, mangroves and the breeding grounds of fish; 7. Threat to coastal areas due to projected sea level rise and increased cyclonic activity due to higher sea surface temperatures; 8. Increased stress between upper riparian and lower riparian regions in relation to sharing of water re ...
... coastal agriculture, mangroves and the breeding grounds of fish; 7. Threat to coastal areas due to projected sea level rise and increased cyclonic activity due to higher sea surface temperatures; 8. Increased stress between upper riparian and lower riparian regions in relation to sharing of water re ...
halifax harbour extreme water levels in the context of
... wide consensus that the global climate is warming and that this warming will result in accelerated sealevel rise and other consequences such as changes in storm intensity and possibly frequency, with serious implications for coastal residents and stakeholders (IPCC, 2007a, 2007b). The Halifax Region ...
... wide consensus that the global climate is warming and that this warming will result in accelerated sealevel rise and other consequences such as changes in storm intensity and possibly frequency, with serious implications for coastal residents and stakeholders (IPCC, 2007a, 2007b). The Halifax Region ...
North Africa: The Impact of Climate Change to
... than the estimated global average. Model simulations also suggest a drying trend in the region, particularly along the Mediterranean coast, driven by large decreases expected in summertime precipitation. Because coastal areas historically receive by far the largest amount of rainfall in North Africa ...
... than the estimated global average. Model simulations also suggest a drying trend in the region, particularly along the Mediterranean coast, driven by large decreases expected in summertime precipitation. Because coastal areas historically receive by far the largest amount of rainfall in North Africa ...
MNP Report 500116002/2007 Local air pollution and global climate
... Two major interrelated environmental policy problems of today, each with significant transboundary aspects, are global climate change (GCC) and local air pollution (LAP). Both are extensively discussed in the international political arena: the first, notably, in the United Nations Framework Conventi ...
... Two major interrelated environmental policy problems of today, each with significant transboundary aspects, are global climate change (GCC) and local air pollution (LAP). Both are extensively discussed in the international political arena: the first, notably, in the United Nations Framework Conventi ...
Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Changes in Egypt
... m3 year−1 (28% of available water resources), but it cannot be added to Egypt’s share of water as it is a reused source (CAPMAS 2009). Awareness and concern for problems related to environmental quality are growing at a steady pace: climate change, biodiversity, soil fertility decay and above all fo ...
... m3 year−1 (28% of available water resources), but it cannot be added to Egypt’s share of water as it is a reused source (CAPMAS 2009). Awareness and concern for problems related to environmental quality are growing at a steady pace: climate change, biodiversity, soil fertility decay and above all fo ...
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... Twenty-three states have joined one of the three regional partnerships that would require GHG (or just carbon dioxide) emission reductions. Set to take effect in 2009, the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) is a partnership of 10 Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states that creates a cap-andtrade s ...
... Twenty-three states have joined one of the three regional partnerships that would require GHG (or just carbon dioxide) emission reductions. Set to take effect in 2009, the Regional Greenhouse Gas Initiative (RGGI) is a partnership of 10 Northeast and Mid-Atlantic states that creates a cap-andtrade s ...
The costs of adaptation: Working Paper 7 (260 kB) (opens in new window)
... Most estimates share a common method, first developed by the World Bank (2006). The World Bank estimated the fraction of current investment flows that is climate sensitive and then used a “mark up” factor that reflects the cost of “climate-proofing” future capital investment. Investment flows to dev ...
... Most estimates share a common method, first developed by the World Bank (2006). The World Bank estimated the fraction of current investment flows that is climate sensitive and then used a “mark up” factor that reflects the cost of “climate-proofing” future capital investment. Investment flows to dev ...
Tambora 1815 as a test case for high impact volcanic eruptions
... of Western and Central Europe began in the 1780s.28 Longer series have been developed at the monthly timescale for a number of locations extending back to the 17th century.29–32 More recent work has seen this development extended to the daily timescale33–37 ranging from Iberia in the west to Europea ...
... of Western and Central Europe began in the 1780s.28 Longer series have been developed at the monthly timescale for a number of locations extending back to the 17th century.29–32 More recent work has seen this development extended to the daily timescale33–37 ranging from Iberia in the west to Europea ...
United Nations Development Programme
... 1. General description of mandates and objective(s) of your organization / associated network with institutional structure (Please provide information on organizational mandates and objective(s) of the organization / associated network with organizational/institutional structure, as explicitly and/o ...
... 1. General description of mandates and objective(s) of your organization / associated network with institutional structure (Please provide information on organizational mandates and objective(s) of the organization / associated network with organizational/institutional structure, as explicitly and/o ...
PDF
... While the scientific community has established a fairly clear consensus on the threat of climate change, policymakers and journalists often suggest that the economic community lacks a consensus view on climate change risks and appropriate policy responses. We conducted a survey of 1,103 experts on t ...
... While the scientific community has established a fairly clear consensus on the threat of climate change, policymakers and journalists often suggest that the economic community lacks a consensus view on climate change risks and appropriate policy responses. We conducted a survey of 1,103 experts on t ...
Tree-Ring Amplification of the Early Nineteenth
... injects sulfate aerosols into the stratosphere, scattering incoming solar radiation and absorbing outgoing infrared radiation (Cole-Dai 2010). As a consequence, Earth’s surface is cooled while the lower stratosphere is warmed (Robock 2000). Precise estimates of the climate response to a given volume ...
... injects sulfate aerosols into the stratosphere, scattering incoming solar radiation and absorbing outgoing infrared radiation (Cole-Dai 2010). As a consequence, Earth’s surface is cooled while the lower stratosphere is warmed (Robock 2000). Precise estimates of the climate response to a given volume ...
Postulated Feedbacks of Deciduous Forest Phenology on
... A large portion of the western Canadian interior e xh ibits a d istinctive seasonal pattern in long-term mean surface temperatures characterized by anomalously warmer conditions in spring and autumn than would be e xpected from a s inusoidal modeL The anomaly is greatest over the southern boreal for ...
... A large portion of the western Canadian interior e xh ibits a d istinctive seasonal pattern in long-term mean surface temperatures characterized by anomalously warmer conditions in spring and autumn than would be e xpected from a s inusoidal modeL The anomaly is greatest over the southern boreal for ...
an advanced envelope-based selection approach
... Climate models are often selected based on their skill to simulate the present and near-past climate (e.g. Pierce et al., 2009; Biemans et al., 2013). This approach is referred to as the past-performance approach. Another approach is the so-called envelope approach, where an ensemble of models cover ...
... Climate models are often selected based on their skill to simulate the present and near-past climate (e.g. Pierce et al., 2009; Biemans et al., 2013). This approach is referred to as the past-performance approach. Another approach is the so-called envelope approach, where an ensemble of models cover ...
Opens external link in new window
... Tanzania has been a signatory to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) since 1992. It has undertaken various initiatives at local and international level to affirm its commitment to combat the impacts of climate change, including efforts leading to the reduction of green ...
... Tanzania has been a signatory to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) since 1992. It has undertaken various initiatives at local and international level to affirm its commitment to combat the impacts of climate change, including efforts leading to the reduction of green ...
Hadley Centre for Climate Prediction and Research The Met. Office
... by the 2080s are predicted to have increased by about 3 °C above today’s (taken as the average over the period 1961–90). A global average temperature rise of 2 °C, which would occur by the 2050s with unmitigated emissions, will be delayed by about 50 years under 750 ppm stabilisation and by over 100 ...
... by the 2080s are predicted to have increased by about 3 °C above today’s (taken as the average over the period 1961–90). A global average temperature rise of 2 °C, which would occur by the 2050s with unmitigated emissions, will be delayed by about 50 years under 750 ppm stabilisation and by over 100 ...
Eleven Antitheses on Cities and States
... mindscape of trust in the state(s) to find a safe future. We view both dimensions of conventional thinking to be severely problematic. The mainstream in climate science and policymaking is represented most publicly by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the United Nations Climat ...
... mindscape of trust in the state(s) to find a safe future. We view both dimensions of conventional thinking to be severely problematic. The mainstream in climate science and policymaking is represented most publicly by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the United Nations Climat ...
- Opus
... global warming treatment in the field. We find that plants exposed to elevated temperatures flower earlier, as predicted by photothermal models. However, contrary to life-history trade-off expectations, they also flower at a larger vegetative size, suggesting that warming probably causes acceleratio ...
... global warming treatment in the field. We find that plants exposed to elevated temperatures flower earlier, as predicted by photothermal models. However, contrary to life-history trade-off expectations, they also flower at a larger vegetative size, suggesting that warming probably causes acceleratio ...
Reef-Guardians-2016-Year-10-Climate-change
... Gases in the Earth’s atmosphere trap some of the sun’s energy that would otherwise be radiated back into space. This is called the greenhouse effect. This effect keeps the Earth at a temperature suitable for life. Climate change results from an enhanced greenhouse effect. Increased levels of greenho ...
... Gases in the Earth’s atmosphere trap some of the sun’s energy that would otherwise be radiated back into space. This is called the greenhouse effect. This effect keeps the Earth at a temperature suitable for life. Climate change results from an enhanced greenhouse effect. Increased levels of greenho ...
Table 2: Effects of including different features on the estimated costs
... prevalent before industrialisation began in the mid-19th century (e.g. Blair 2008). Scientific evidence suggests this threshold is necessary to avoid significantly greater risks of catastrophic climate impacts, such as major ice sheet melting, species loss, and feedbacks in the oceans and terrestria ...
... prevalent before industrialisation began in the mid-19th century (e.g. Blair 2008). Scientific evidence suggests this threshold is necessary to avoid significantly greater risks of catastrophic climate impacts, such as major ice sheet melting, species loss, and feedbacks in the oceans and terrestria ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.