Impact of Climate Change on Biodiversity and Community
... wind over a period of time, ranging from months to millions of years. The classical period often referred to in climate change studies is 30 years (Hananh et al., 2005). Climate change is largely attributed to both natural and anthropogenic factors (IPCC, 1996, 2007b). Natural factors such as solar ...
... wind over a period of time, ranging from months to millions of years. The classical period often referred to in climate change studies is 30 years (Hananh et al., 2005). Climate change is largely attributed to both natural and anthropogenic factors (IPCC, 1996, 2007b). Natural factors such as solar ...
Potential Threats from Climate Change to Human
... Little is known in detail about the vulnerability of mountain ecosystems to climate change. Intuitively it seems plausible that these regions, where small changes in temperature can turn ice and snow to water, and where extreme slopes lead to rapid changes in climatic zones over small distances, wil ...
... Little is known in detail about the vulnerability of mountain ecosystems to climate change. Intuitively it seems plausible that these regions, where small changes in temperature can turn ice and snow to water, and where extreme slopes lead to rapid changes in climatic zones over small distances, wil ...
KLMC Advocacy Plan - Kenya livestock Marketing Council
... ToC we have defined indicators and methods of measurement. To the extent possible we have made use of harmonised indicators and methods of measurement; these are complemented with new theme-specific indicators and methods of measurement. Recognising that our project develops over time as the context ...
... ToC we have defined indicators and methods of measurement. To the extent possible we have made use of harmonised indicators and methods of measurement; these are complemented with new theme-specific indicators and methods of measurement. Recognising that our project develops over time as the context ...
The Adaptation Coalition Toolkit
... non-local sources of information on climate change. The case studies demonstrate that communities with a greater awareness of climate change and its impacts were more likely to plan long-term adaptation strategies than communities with low levels of awareness. The reason is that local people often d ...
... non-local sources of information on climate change. The case studies demonstrate that communities with a greater awareness of climate change and its impacts were more likely to plan long-term adaptation strategies than communities with low levels of awareness. The reason is that local people often d ...
A Summary of the Assessment Process of the Intergovernmental
... For example, in order to be consistent with scientific literature, the term climate change in IPCC usage refers to any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity. This is different from usage in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change where ...
... For example, in order to be consistent with scientific literature, the term climate change in IPCC usage refers to any change in climate over time, whether due to natural variability or as a result of human activity. This is different from usage in the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change where ...
Diverse policy implications for future ozone and surface UV in a
... climatologies from the transient simulations and the concentrations of CO2, N2O, methane, and total chlorine shown in Table 1. Here we focus on the RCP 2.6 and 8.5 scenarios, since the stratospheric ozone response to RCP 4.5 falls in between these extreme scenarios (Figure 1). For the RCP 2.6 future ...
... climatologies from the transient simulations and the concentrations of CO2, N2O, methane, and total chlorine shown in Table 1. Here we focus on the RCP 2.6 and 8.5 scenarios, since the stratospheric ozone response to RCP 4.5 falls in between these extreme scenarios (Figure 1). For the RCP 2.6 future ...
Ice Age DA - GDI - 2011
... period between long ice ages. Unfortunately for us, most interglacial periods last only about ten thousand years, and that is how long it has been since the last Ice Age ended. How much longer do we have before the ice begins to spread across the Earth’s surface? Less than a hundred years or several ...
... period between long ice ages. Unfortunately for us, most interglacial periods last only about ten thousand years, and that is how long it has been since the last Ice Age ended. How much longer do we have before the ice begins to spread across the Earth’s surface? Less than a hundred years or several ...
Injection of CO 2
... Injection of sulfur into the lower stratosphere has been suggested as a strategy to reduce global warming caused by greenhouse gases. However, current knowledge on the efficiency of such an action and on its potentially significant unintended side-effects is lacking. Such side-effects include … [lis ...
... Injection of sulfur into the lower stratosphere has been suggested as a strategy to reduce global warming caused by greenhouse gases. However, current knowledge on the efficiency of such an action and on its potentially significant unintended side-effects is lacking. Such side-effects include … [lis ...
Developing and Implementing Climate Change Adaptation
... These trends of increasing temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and increasing extreme events such as drought and fire are expected to continue in this century, driving changes in forest ecosystems [10,11]. Adapting to climate change, or “the process of adjustment to actual or expected cli ...
... These trends of increasing temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and increasing extreme events such as drought and fire are expected to continue in this century, driving changes in forest ecosystems [10,11]. Adapting to climate change, or “the process of adjustment to actual or expected cli ...
Civil war, climate change and development: A scenario
... highest expected per capita income in 2100. Figure 2 shows the global mean temperature over the 21st century. It is assumed to rise from 0.8 ºC to 3.1-3.7ºC over the course of the century. The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide is highest in the A2 scenario but so are sulphur emissions; the ...
... highest expected per capita income in 2100. Figure 2 shows the global mean temperature over the 21st century. It is assumed to rise from 0.8 ºC to 3.1-3.7ºC over the course of the century. The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide is highest in the A2 scenario but so are sulphur emissions; the ...
PBL rapport 500114012 Meeting the 2 degrees Celsius target
... less, are needed to keep a reasonable chance of staying below the 2 °C target. A 450 ppm CO2 eq level corresponds to about 20 to 70% probability of staying below this target, a 400 ppm CO2 eq level corresponds to a probability of between 40 and 90%. These concentration levels are consistent with CO2 ...
... less, are needed to keep a reasonable chance of staying below the 2 °C target. A 450 ppm CO2 eq level corresponds to about 20 to 70% probability of staying below this target, a 400 ppm CO2 eq level corresponds to a probability of between 40 and 90%. These concentration levels are consistent with CO2 ...
CLIMATE CHANGE 2014 SYNTHESIS REPORT Longer report
... has warmed and the lower stratosphere has cooled since the mid-20th century. There is medium confidence in the rate of change and its vertical structure in the Northern Hemisphere extratropical troposphere.{WGI SPM B1, 2.4.4} Confidence in precipitation change averaged over global land areas since 1 ...
... has warmed and the lower stratosphere has cooled since the mid-20th century. There is medium confidence in the rate of change and its vertical structure in the Northern Hemisphere extratropical troposphere.{WGI SPM B1, 2.4.4} Confidence in precipitation change averaged over global land areas since 1 ...
a sensitive matter - The Global Warming Policy Foundation
... coming century if greenhouse gas emissions are not severely reduced. If climate sensitivity is low, then future warming will be substantially lower, as will the rise in sea level. Climate sensitivity is defined as the amount of global surface warming that occurs when the concentration of CO 2 in the ...
... coming century if greenhouse gas emissions are not severely reduced. If climate sensitivity is low, then future warming will be substantially lower, as will the rise in sea level. Climate sensitivity is defined as the amount of global surface warming that occurs when the concentration of CO 2 in the ...
Noctilucent Clouds
... •Increasing CH4: CH4 oxidizes with OH in the stratosphere to become water: CH4 + OH > CH3 + H2O •NLCs are therefore a visible indication of climate change “The miners canary” of climate change ...
... •Increasing CH4: CH4 oxidizes with OH in the stratosphere to become water: CH4 + OH > CH3 + H2O •NLCs are therefore a visible indication of climate change “The miners canary” of climate change ...
Cloud Feedbacks Found to Amplify Global Warming
... et al. (2008) showed that trade wind cumuli might also play an important role; they are also not well captured by global climate models (Medeiros and Stevens 2009). The radiative effect of low marine clouds is dominated by their contribution to the planetary albedo as their impact on outgoing longwa ...
... et al. (2008) showed that trade wind cumuli might also play an important role; they are also not well captured by global climate models (Medeiros and Stevens 2009). The radiative effect of low marine clouds is dominated by their contribution to the planetary albedo as their impact on outgoing longwa ...
Capturing all abatement potential currently modeled can reduce
... of technology, needed by the developing country Parties to meet the agreed full incremental costs of implementing measures that are covered by paragraph 1 of this Article and that are agreed between a developing country Party and the international entity or entities referred to in Article 11, in acc ...
... of technology, needed by the developing country Parties to meet the agreed full incremental costs of implementing measures that are covered by paragraph 1 of this Article and that are agreed between a developing country Party and the international entity or entities referred to in Article 11, in acc ...
The Role of Climate Change in the Egyptian Revolution
... affecting every person, place, and creature on the planet: climate change. This issue is no longer one that can be disregarded as a future issue, one that the inhabitants of this Earth do not have to worry about. The impacts of climate change are wide-ranging and are unfortunately deadly. Today’s at ...
... affecting every person, place, and creature on the planet: climate change. This issue is no longer one that can be disregarded as a future issue, one that the inhabitants of this Earth do not have to worry about. The impacts of climate change are wide-ranging and are unfortunately deadly. Today’s at ...
Ocean Stress Guide - Plymouth Marine Laboratory
... accumulation of other greenhouse gases should also be limited, as all of them contribute to ocean warming and hence deoxygenation. Adaptation: Adaptation strategies need to be developed as the world is already committed to a substantial amount of additional warming, acidification and deoxygenation, ...
... accumulation of other greenhouse gases should also be limited, as all of them contribute to ocean warming and hence deoxygenation. Adaptation: Adaptation strategies need to be developed as the world is already committed to a substantial amount of additional warming, acidification and deoxygenation, ...
Ocean under stress - Plymouth Marine Laboratory
... accumulation of other greenhouse gases should also be limited, as all of them contribute to ocean warming and hence deoxygenation. Adaptation: Adaptation strategies need to be developed as the world is already committed to a substantial amount of additional warming, acidification and deoxygenation, ...
... accumulation of other greenhouse gases should also be limited, as all of them contribute to ocean warming and hence deoxygenation. Adaptation: Adaptation strategies need to be developed as the world is already committed to a substantial amount of additional warming, acidification and deoxygenation, ...
Climate change implications for fisheries and aquaculture
... Climate change – alongside climate variability events such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and extreme weather events – is affecting the abundance and distribution of fisheries resources and suitability of geographical locations for aquaculture systems. Underlying climate-related physical and ...
... Climate change – alongside climate variability events such as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and extreme weather events – is affecting the abundance and distribution of fisheries resources and suitability of geographical locations for aquaculture systems. Underlying climate-related physical and ...
Sea-level Rise, Storm Surges, and Extreme Precipitation in Coastal New Hampshire
... level has risen at a rate of 3.3 +0.4 mm per year, or ...
... level has risen at a rate of 3.3 +0.4 mm per year, or ...
the Migration as Adaptation briefing.
... World Bank. She has previously worked as a consultant with the Overseas Development Institute on various climate finance projects and as a programme assistant at the Environmental Change and Security Program of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. While at the Wilson Center, she oft ...
... World Bank. She has previously worked as a consultant with the Overseas Development Institute on various climate finance projects and as a programme assistant at the Environmental Change and Security Program of the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. While at the Wilson Center, she oft ...
Global warming
Global warming and climate change are terms for the observed century-scale rise in the average temperature of the Earth's climate system and its related effects.Multiple lines of scientific evidence show that the climate system is warming. Although the increase of near-surface atmospheric temperature is the measure of global warming often reported in the popular press, most of the additional energy stored in the climate system since 1970 has gone into ocean warming. The remainder has melted ice, and warmed the continents and atmosphere. Many of the observed changes since the 1950s are unprecedented over decades to millennia.Scientific understanding of global warming is increasing. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) reported in 2014 that scientists were more than 95% certain that most of global warming is caused by increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and other human (anthropogenic) activities. Climate model projections summarized in the report indicated that during the 21st century the global surface temperature is likely to rise a further 0.3 to 1.7 °C (0.5 to 3.1 °F) for their lowest emissions scenario using stringent mitigation and 2.6 to 4.8 °C (4.7 to 8.6 °F) for their highest. These findings have been recognized by the national science academies of the major industrialized nations.Future climate change and associated impacts will differ from region to region around the globe. Anticipated effects include warming global temperature, rising sea levels, changing precipitation, and expansion of deserts in the subtropics. Warming is expected to be greatest in the Arctic, with the continuing retreat of glaciers, permafrost and sea ice. Other likely changes include more frequent extreme weather events including heat waves, droughts, heavy rainfall, and heavy snowfall; ocean acidification; and species extinctions due to shifting temperature regimes. Effects significant to humans include the threat to food security from decreasing crop yields and the abandonment of populated areas due to flooding.Possible societal responses to global warming include mitigation by emissions reduction, adaptation to its effects, building systems resilient to its effects, and possible future climate engineering. Most countries are parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC),whose ultimate objective is to prevent dangerous anthropogenic climate change. The UNFCCC have adopted a range of policies designed to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and to assist in adaptation to global warming. Parties to the UNFCCC have agreed that deep cuts in emissions are required, and that future global warming should be limited to below 2.0 °C (3.6 °F) relative to the pre-industrial level.