a case study in the Italian Alp
... is by precipitation only. Output occurs at the outlets of the tanks. No lateral transport is allowed in the model. Input variables for the tank model are daily precipitation and air temperature. Temperature is used for the calculation of evapotranspiration and snow storage/ melt. Evapotranspiration ...
... is by precipitation only. Output occurs at the outlets of the tanks. No lateral transport is allowed in the model. Input variables for the tank model are daily precipitation and air temperature. Temperature is used for the calculation of evapotranspiration and snow storage/ melt. Evapotranspiration ...
i4332e09
... throughout the year, while subtropical areas were considered those which have a difference between the warmest and coolest months of greater than 8 oC (as well as with fewer than three months below 13 oC). For both the tropics and subtropics, subcategories were identified based on average annual tem ...
... throughout the year, while subtropical areas were considered those which have a difference between the warmest and coolest months of greater than 8 oC (as well as with fewer than three months below 13 oC). For both the tropics and subtropics, subcategories were identified based on average annual tem ...
Upper bounds on twenty-first-century Antarctic ice loss assessed
... choice of calibration data set4,5 ; and evidence that ice-sheet-derived SLR exhibits a history- and insolation-dependent19,20 response to a warming climate that cannot be captured by SEM calibrations. EISs specify regional ice discharge using physical constraints and expert judgement, but, so far, t ...
... choice of calibration data set4,5 ; and evidence that ice-sheet-derived SLR exhibits a history- and insolation-dependent19,20 response to a warming climate that cannot be captured by SEM calibrations. EISs specify regional ice discharge using physical constraints and expert judgement, but, so far, t ...
Center for Global Environmental Research
... Historical time series of global annual mean volume mixing ratios of well-mixed GHGs: CO2, N2O, CH4, and the sum of halocarbons...............................................................12 (a) Zonal mean change in ozone (%) from the 1901-1915 mean to the 1986-2000 mean. (b) Historical time serie ...
... Historical time series of global annual mean volume mixing ratios of well-mixed GHGs: CO2, N2O, CH4, and the sum of halocarbons...............................................................12 (a) Zonal mean change in ozone (%) from the 1901-1915 mean to the 1986-2000 mean. (b) Historical time serie ...
Progress in Physical Geography
... Baliunas, 2003) and, with this, there is the potential redistribution of surface water resources on the earth (Waggoner, 1990). Since 1900, temperatures in the western USA have risen by 1–3°C (US Global Change Research Program, 2001). The region has generally experienced significant increases in pre ...
... Baliunas, 2003) and, with this, there is the potential redistribution of surface water resources on the earth (Waggoner, 1990). Since 1900, temperatures in the western USA have risen by 1–3°C (US Global Change Research Program, 2001). The region has generally experienced significant increases in pre ...
the Migration as Adaptation briefing.
... informational and socio-economic barriers. ‘For autonomous adaptation to be effective, and to avoid maladaptation, certain preconditions therefore have to be met. Individuals have to have the right incentives, resources, knowledge and skills to adapt efficiently’ (Fankenhauser et al, 1999: 74). They ...
... informational and socio-economic barriers. ‘For autonomous adaptation to be effective, and to avoid maladaptation, certain preconditions therefore have to be met. Individuals have to have the right incentives, resources, knowledge and skills to adapt efficiently’ (Fankenhauser et al, 1999: 74). They ...
Document
... global mean temperature to pre-industrial conditions, meaning there would still be some degree of climate change, and hence climate impacts, regardless of the manner in which sunshade geoengineering were to be deployed. At the regional scale, simulations of a full deployment of sunshade geoengineeri ...
... global mean temperature to pre-industrial conditions, meaning there would still be some degree of climate change, and hence climate impacts, regardless of the manner in which sunshade geoengineering were to be deployed. At the regional scale, simulations of a full deployment of sunshade geoengineeri ...
The Impact of Climate Change on the Agricultural Sector
... Natural causes include the change in solar activity, volcanic eruption, sea water temperature, ice cap distribution, westerly waves and atmospheric waves. On the other hand, artificial causes include carbon dioxide emission from industry and agricultural production activities, deforestation, acid ra ...
... Natural causes include the change in solar activity, volcanic eruption, sea water temperature, ice cap distribution, westerly waves and atmospheric waves. On the other hand, artificial causes include carbon dioxide emission from industry and agricultural production activities, deforestation, acid ra ...
Procedural Rights as a Crucial Tool to Combat Climate Change
... could be reached by 2016.2 Perhaps we can rescue ourselves from that planetary emergency if we come to see human-caused global climate change as violating fundamental human rights. Just a few years ago a well recognized symbol of climate change was the polar bear.' People concerned about global warm ...
... could be reached by 2016.2 Perhaps we can rescue ourselves from that planetary emergency if we come to see human-caused global climate change as violating fundamental human rights. Just a few years ago a well recognized symbol of climate change was the polar bear.' People concerned about global warm ...
atmospheric phenomena and climate evaluating the effect of climatic
... of the currently available data and literature review. Climate data from a network of weather stations of Russia are available at the web portal of the Russian Institute of Hydrometeorological Information – World Data Center (RIHI–WDC) [http://www.meteo.ru]. Analysis of these data is provided by the ...
... of the currently available data and literature review. Climate data from a network of weather stations of Russia are available at the web portal of the Russian Institute of Hydrometeorological Information – World Data Center (RIHI–WDC) [http://www.meteo.ru]. Analysis of these data is provided by the ...
After which threshold do anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions
... forcings is not necessarily linear in its parameters. Intuitively, this suggests that anthropogenic forcings may have an influence on temperature only after a threshold value, or more generally that the correlation between the two is not constant over time. Such a hypothesis is in line with the fact ...
... forcings is not necessarily linear in its parameters. Intuitively, this suggests that anthropogenic forcings may have an influence on temperature only after a threshold value, or more generally that the correlation between the two is not constant over time. Such a hypothesis is in line with the fact ...
The benefits of recent warming for maize production in high latitude
... was improved by adapted varieties, a process-based crop model (Hybrid-Maize model) was used for simulation in this study. The model was developed by the University of Nebraska in the United States (Yang et al. 2004, 2006) by combining the strengths of the existing specific models represented by CERE ...
... was improved by adapted varieties, a process-based crop model (Hybrid-Maize model) was used for simulation in this study. The model was developed by the University of Nebraska in the United States (Yang et al. 2004, 2006) by combining the strengths of the existing specific models represented by CERE ...
Sub-regional report on vulnerability and impacts of climate change
... 1. Scientific consensus about CC and its effect on Mediterranean biodiversity • National experts agree (in line with the international scientific consensus) on the importance and extent of risks of marine and coastal biodiversity in their countries due to CC, as a result of (and synergistic complex ...
... 1. Scientific consensus about CC and its effect on Mediterranean biodiversity • National experts agree (in line with the international scientific consensus) on the importance and extent of risks of marine and coastal biodiversity in their countries due to CC, as a result of (and synergistic complex ...
Interactive influences of climate change and agriculture on aquatic
... there is also interest in converting dryland production systems to irrigated agriculture, which has much higher crop values relative to dryland production. These higher crop values not only result from increased yield of crops already grown in those areas, but irrigation also allows farmers to shift ...
... there is also interest in converting dryland production systems to irrigated agriculture, which has much higher crop values relative to dryland production. These higher crop values not only result from increased yield of crops already grown in those areas, but irrigation also allows farmers to shift ...
Background Report: Integrated Ecological Impact Assessment
... Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level….,[and that] …..observational evidence from all continents and most oceans shows that ma ...
... Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea level….,[and that] …..observational evidence from all continents and most oceans shows that ma ...
Climate Change and Health: Is There a Role for the Health Care
... causing environmental changes of epidemic proportions. Climate change, experienced as extreme weather events such as heat waves, melting of snow and ice with rising sea levels, changes in precipitation resulting in flooding and drought, more intense hurricanes and storms, wildfires, as well as poore ...
... causing environmental changes of epidemic proportions. Climate change, experienced as extreme weather events such as heat waves, melting of snow and ice with rising sea levels, changes in precipitation resulting in flooding and drought, more intense hurricanes and storms, wildfires, as well as poore ...
Motivated Recall in the Service of the Economic System
... however, much of the disagreement about climate change centers not on how best to take action to address the problem, but on whether the problem exists at all. Psychological studies indicate that, to the extent that sustainability initiatives are seen as threatening to the socioeconomic system, indi ...
... however, much of the disagreement about climate change centers not on how best to take action to address the problem, but on whether the problem exists at all. Psychological studies indicate that, to the extent that sustainability initiatives are seen as threatening to the socioeconomic system, indi ...
Ice and Sea-level Change
... Projections of 21st century sea-level rise The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides the most authoritative information on projected sealevel change. The IPCC Third Assessment Report (TAR) of 200123 projected a global averaged sea-level rise of between 20 and 70 cm (the limits of ...
... Projections of 21st century sea-level rise The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) provides the most authoritative information on projected sealevel change. The IPCC Third Assessment Report (TAR) of 200123 projected a global averaged sea-level rise of between 20 and 70 cm (the limits of ...
REDD+ Mechanism_Overview
... change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere’ ...
... change of climate which is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of the global atmosphere’ ...
Key lessons from practitioners` experiences
... climate change adaptation options. A more detailed assessment of coastal resources, climate risks and response options was undertaken at four locations – Mandurah, Siesta Park-Marybrook, Peppermint Grove Beach, and ...
... climate change adaptation options. A more detailed assessment of coastal resources, climate risks and response options was undertaken at four locations – Mandurah, Siesta Park-Marybrook, Peppermint Grove Beach, and ...
Impacts of climate change on temperature and evaporation from a
... Abstract: Determining evaporation rates is essential for efficient management of reservoirs and water resources, particularly in water-scarce countries such as Australia. Today, it is estimated that open water reservoirs in Australia lose around 40% of their total water storage capacity per year to ...
... Abstract: Determining evaporation rates is essential for efficient management of reservoirs and water resources, particularly in water-scarce countries such as Australia. Today, it is estimated that open water reservoirs in Australia lose around 40% of their total water storage capacity per year to ...
a 2017 national survey of broadcast meteorologists
... of these weathercasters said their viewer feedback is predominantly positive, while another quarter (26%) said that their viewer feedback is mixed “about 50/50.” About one in ten (12%) said their viewer feedback was predominantly negative, but many (28%) said they get very few viewer reactions eithe ...
... of these weathercasters said their viewer feedback is predominantly positive, while another quarter (26%) said that their viewer feedback is mixed “about 50/50.” About one in ten (12%) said their viewer feedback was predominantly negative, but many (28%) said they get very few viewer reactions eithe ...
Exploring high-end scenarios for local sea level rise to
... local sea level rise. First, steric sea level changes due to variations in ocean temperature and salinity display large spatial variations. Although in many places local thermosteric changes are the most important (see for example Bindoff et al, 2007, Fig. 5.15b), changes in ocean salinity can give ...
... local sea level rise. First, steric sea level changes due to variations in ocean temperature and salinity display large spatial variations. Although in many places local thermosteric changes are the most important (see for example Bindoff et al, 2007, Fig. 5.15b), changes in ocean salinity can give ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.