influence of surface/free-air decoupling on temperature trend patterns
... free atmosphere when pressure is high. [14] We develop an index representative of the extent of surface versus free atmospheric coupling based on the gradient of the relationship between surface temperature anomalies and free‐air circulation. This is an extension of previous work by Daly et al. [201 ...
... free atmosphere when pressure is high. [14] We develop an index representative of the extent of surface versus free atmospheric coupling based on the gradient of the relationship between surface temperature anomalies and free‐air circulation. This is an extension of previous work by Daly et al. [201 ...
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... higher resolution (50650 km) regional climate models show that temperature and precipitation in the Himalayan region will continue to increase in future [12], and these changes are further likely to impact the distribution of biodiversity, as for example, predicted for Rhododendrons [13]. However, p ...
... higher resolution (50650 km) regional climate models show that temperature and precipitation in the Himalayan region will continue to increase in future [12], and these changes are further likely to impact the distribution of biodiversity, as for example, predicted for Rhododendrons [13]. However, p ...
Climate evolution in the last five centuries
... J ONES et al., 1998). Also, bore-hole temperature measurements have been shown to contain information of past surface temperatures, that can be retrieved by analyzing the current temperature profile up to about 500 m depth (H UANG et al., 2000). Many other continuous reconstructions of regional char ...
... J ONES et al., 1998). Also, bore-hole temperature measurements have been shown to contain information of past surface temperatures, that can be retrieved by analyzing the current temperature profile up to about 500 m depth (H UANG et al., 2000). Many other continuous reconstructions of regional char ...
Strategies for Climate Change and Impression
... The second topic addressed in the literature concerns the disclosure of information on climate performance. Faced with increasing pressures from stakeholders, companies are called to develop performance indicators and to disclose information on climate performance in order to legitimize their indust ...
... The second topic addressed in the literature concerns the disclosure of information on climate performance. Faced with increasing pressures from stakeholders, companies are called to develop performance indicators and to disclose information on climate performance in order to legitimize their indust ...
Extreme climate events and wet grasslands: plant traits for
... functional diversity within ecosystems (Dı́az & Cabido, 2001; Isbell et al., 2011). In particular, diversity of plant functional traits within communities is an important contributing factor in ecosystem processes and services. Wet grasslands provide an interesting case for elucidating extreme clima ...
... functional diversity within ecosystems (Dı́az & Cabido, 2001; Isbell et al., 2011). In particular, diversity of plant functional traits within communities is an important contributing factor in ecosystem processes and services. Wet grasslands provide an interesting case for elucidating extreme clima ...
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... conditions in any growing month affect crop yields, an argument for retaining all the growing months in the model. Furthermore, weather variables are usually highly correlated; applying statistical variable selection methods to a model with severe multicollinearity could generate unstable estimates. ...
... conditions in any growing month affect crop yields, an argument for retaining all the growing months in the model. Furthermore, weather variables are usually highly correlated; applying statistical variable selection methods to a model with severe multicollinearity could generate unstable estimates. ...
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... We show that long-run perceptions are significantly higher than short-run perceptions and identify climate change beliefs and experience with crop damages as critical factors in explaining this difference. From a policy prospective, our results suggest that an effective outreach service would benefi ...
... We show that long-run perceptions are significantly higher than short-run perceptions and identify climate change beliefs and experience with crop damages as critical factors in explaining this difference. From a policy prospective, our results suggest that an effective outreach service would benefi ...
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... While the scientific community has established a fairly clear consensus on the threat of climate change, policymakers and journalists often suggest that the economic community lacks a consensus view on climate change risks and appropriate policy responses. We conducted a survey of 1,103 experts on t ...
... While the scientific community has established a fairly clear consensus on the threat of climate change, policymakers and journalists often suggest that the economic community lacks a consensus view on climate change risks and appropriate policy responses. We conducted a survey of 1,103 experts on t ...
The Health Effects of Climate Change in the WHO European Region
... the cold season was associated with a 1.62% increase in daily total (natural) mortality, and a 2.29%, 2.80%, and 2.03% increase in mortality from cardiovascular, respiratory, and cerebrovascular causes, respectively [35]. A lag effect of up to 23 days was observed, particularly for respiratory morta ...
... the cold season was associated with a 1.62% increase in daily total (natural) mortality, and a 2.29%, 2.80%, and 2.03% increase in mortality from cardiovascular, respiratory, and cerebrovascular causes, respectively [35]. A lag effect of up to 23 days was observed, particularly for respiratory morta ...
Future Projection
... Shuang-Ye Wu, Department of Geology, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio Global warming has the potential to intensify hydrological cycle, hence causing more frequent extreme precipitation events. This study aims to project future changes in precipitation pattern in Ohio. We first compared the daily ...
... Shuang-Ye Wu, Department of Geology, University of Dayton, Dayton, Ohio Global warming has the potential to intensify hydrological cycle, hence causing more frequent extreme precipitation events. This study aims to project future changes in precipitation pattern in Ohio. We first compared the daily ...
Will groundwater ease freshwater stress under climate change?
... Temperature As noted by the IPCC (2007), warming of the global climate system has been unequivocal. This is now evident from observations of increases in air temperatures in all regions. The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (2007) conveys the statement that most of the observed increase in global mean ...
... Temperature As noted by the IPCC (2007), warming of the global climate system has been unequivocal. This is now evident from observations of increases in air temperatures in all regions. The IPCC Fourth Assessment Report (2007) conveys the statement that most of the observed increase in global mean ...
Full-Text PDF
... temperature, i.e., less than 2 °C, are projected to have a stronger impact in the SW US on mean annual temperature (MAT), and perhaps mean annual precipitation (MAP), than in the rest of the United States [7,25]. The higher sensitivity of forest species in the SW US is a result of many communities e ...
... temperature, i.e., less than 2 °C, are projected to have a stronger impact in the SW US on mean annual temperature (MAT), and perhaps mean annual precipitation (MAP), than in the rest of the United States [7,25]. The higher sensitivity of forest species in the SW US is a result of many communities e ...
(2012), Global warming preceded by increasing carbon dioxide
... stack had reached interglacial levels while nearly one-third of the excess global ice still remained, although we note that any ice-driven warming would have been partly offset by decreasing greenhouse gas forcing (Fig. 3c and Supplementary Fig. 29a). The apparently small influence of ice-sheet forc ...
... stack had reached interglacial levels while nearly one-third of the excess global ice still remained, although we note that any ice-driven warming would have been partly offset by decreasing greenhouse gas forcing (Fig. 3c and Supplementary Fig. 29a). The apparently small influence of ice-sheet forc ...
Future humidity trends over the western United States in the CMIP5
... PET estimates themselves use the simplified radiation estimates derived from Tmin and Tmax , so estimated PET likely has errors that subsequently contribute to errors in EF . The version of the MT-CLIM algorithms used in VMS employ a modified version of Kimball-97’s Tdew correction that computes EF ...
... PET estimates themselves use the simplified radiation estimates derived from Tmin and Tmax , so estimated PET likely has errors that subsequently contribute to errors in EF . The version of the MT-CLIM algorithms used in VMS employ a modified version of Kimball-97’s Tdew correction that computes EF ...
Why Worry About Climate Change? A Research Agenda
... believed to be weaker (Long et al., 2006). Another reason is that the global economy is concentrated in the temperate zone, where a bit of warming may well be welcomed because of reductions in heating costs and cold-related health problems. At the same time, the world population is concentrated in t ...
... believed to be weaker (Long et al., 2006). Another reason is that the global economy is concentrated in the temperate zone, where a bit of warming may well be welcomed because of reductions in heating costs and cold-related health problems. At the same time, the world population is concentrated in t ...
Shaping National Climate Change Legislation in Uganda, May 2015
... in carbon dioxide comes from burning of fossil fuels such as oil, coal and gas. Human activity may also interfere with naturally established carbon sinks and thereby contribute further to climate change (Akol, et. al. 2012). Climate change is currently one of the critical global challenges with Ugan ...
... in carbon dioxide comes from burning of fossil fuels such as oil, coal and gas. Human activity may also interfere with naturally established carbon sinks and thereby contribute further to climate change (Akol, et. al. 2012). Climate change is currently one of the critical global challenges with Ugan ...
Urban heat island effects on estimates of observed climate change
... classified by population data. The temperature data were from the GHCN which includes the United States Historical Climate Network (USHCN). The USHCN data had already been adjusted by Easterling et al.31 for other heterogeneities, such as site moves and changes in observing time. Hansen et al.25,32 ...
... classified by population data. The temperature data were from the GHCN which includes the United States Historical Climate Network (USHCN). The USHCN data had already been adjusted by Easterling et al.31 for other heterogeneities, such as site moves and changes in observing time. Hansen et al.25,32 ...
Request for CEO Endorsement - Global Environment Facility
... economic and financial costs of climate change impacts in key productive sectors has also become evident. Likewise, it is important to analyze the social, economic and environmental impacts derived from the fulfillment of Mexico’s international responsibilities on climate change. The Sixth National ...
... economic and financial costs of climate change impacts in key productive sectors has also become evident. Likewise, it is important to analyze the social, economic and environmental impacts derived from the fulfillment of Mexico’s international responsibilities on climate change. The Sixth National ...
2.0 air quality, climate and climate change
... “The Arctic is now experiencing some of the most rapid and severe climate change on Earth. Over the next 100 years, climate change is expected to accelerate, contributing to major physical, ecological, social and economic changes, many of which have already begun. Changes in arctic climate will also ...
... “The Arctic is now experiencing some of the most rapid and severe climate change on Earth. Over the next 100 years, climate change is expected to accelerate, contributing to major physical, ecological, social and economic changes, many of which have already begun. Changes in arctic climate will also ...
A semiparametric multivariate, multisite weather generator with
... be more capable than their parametric counterparts to reproduce the spatial covariance structure of multivariate weather variables [Buishand and Brandsma, 2001], but the ability to specify distributional shifts in weather variables is often more straightforward using parametric approaches [Wilks and ...
... be more capable than their parametric counterparts to reproduce the spatial covariance structure of multivariate weather variables [Buishand and Brandsma, 2001], but the ability to specify distributional shifts in weather variables is often more straightforward using parametric approaches [Wilks and ...
Helsinki Metropolitan Area Climate Change Adaptation Strategy
... The main message is that our body of knowledge about climate change is already sufficient. We can make good decisions on managing the risks of weather phenomena and climate change and on preparing for them. Many impacts of climate change and, on the other hand, measures required to prepare for them ...
... The main message is that our body of knowledge about climate change is already sufficient. We can make good decisions on managing the risks of weather phenomena and climate change and on preparing for them. Many impacts of climate change and, on the other hand, measures required to prepare for them ...
Contrasting effects of warming and increased snowfall on Arctic
... phenology in response to warming temperatures. The rate of temperature change is especially high in the Arctic, but this is also where we have relatively little data on phenological changes and the processes driving these changes. In order to understand how Arctic plant species are likely to respond ...
... phenology in response to warming temperatures. The rate of temperature change is especially high in the Arctic, but this is also where we have relatively little data on phenological changes and the processes driving these changes. In order to understand how Arctic plant species are likely to respond ...
Modeling plant species distributions under future climates: how fine
... features, accurately simulate California’s recent historical climate, and differ in their sensitivity to greenhouse gas forcing (Cayan et al., 2008). These were the Parallel Climate Model (PCM) and the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) CM2.1 model from the IPCC (2007) Fourth Assessme ...
... features, accurately simulate California’s recent historical climate, and differ in their sensitivity to greenhouse gas forcing (Cayan et al., 2008). These were the Parallel Climate Model (PCM) and the NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) CM2.1 model from the IPCC (2007) Fourth Assessme ...
Northern High-Latitude Heat Budget Decomposition and
... warming amplification of the more widely used 608–908N region over the global mean, referred to as Arctic amplification, is 2.02. Winton (2006) reports on a 12-model mean Arctic amplification of 1.81. Figure 2b shows furthermore that increases in SW flux and the atmospheric heat transport enhance th ...
... warming amplification of the more widely used 608–908N region over the global mean, referred to as Arctic amplification, is 2.02. Winton (2006) reports on a 12-model mean Arctic amplification of 1.81. Figure 2b shows furthermore that increases in SW flux and the atmospheric heat transport enhance th ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.