Climate change and the impact of aerosol
... are more regional and less persistent into the future than those of the long lived greenhouse gases. Aerosol concentrations are highly variable in space and time due to their short lifetime. This variability is an important factor in the relatively large uncertainty surrounding aerosol effects on cl ...
... are more regional and less persistent into the future than those of the long lived greenhouse gases. Aerosol concentrations are highly variable in space and time due to their short lifetime. This variability is an important factor in the relatively large uncertainty surrounding aerosol effects on cl ...
Does adaptation to climate change provide food security? A micro-perspective from Ethiopia: Working Paper 19 (334 kB) (opens in new window)
... in sub-Saharan Africa there is the issue of food security. In this part of Africa, millions of small scale subsistence farmers farm land and produce food in extremely challenging conditions. The production environment is known to be characterized by a joint combination of low land productivity and h ...
... in sub-Saharan Africa there is the issue of food security. In this part of Africa, millions of small scale subsistence farmers farm land and produce food in extremely challenging conditions. The production environment is known to be characterized by a joint combination of low land productivity and h ...
On the tropical origin of uncertainties in the global land precipitation
... as well as the corresponding changes between 2071–2100 and 1971–2000. Generally speaking, all models show a reasonable climatology at the end of the twentieth century compared to the GPCP and CRU2 (land only) observations. The main discrepancies shared by most models is an overestimation of land pre ...
... as well as the corresponding changes between 2071–2100 and 1971–2000. Generally speaking, all models show a reasonable climatology at the end of the twentieth century compared to the GPCP and CRU2 (land only) observations. The main discrepancies shared by most models is an overestimation of land pre ...
The Role of Climate Change in the Egyptian Revolution
... worry about. The impacts of climate change are wide-ranging and are unfortunately deadly. Today’s atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are 405.2 parts per million, which is the highest that CO2 levels have been in 650,000 years. This drastic increase in a greenhouse gas has had a number of consequences ...
... worry about. The impacts of climate change are wide-ranging and are unfortunately deadly. Today’s atmospheric carbon dioxide levels are 405.2 parts per million, which is the highest that CO2 levels have been in 650,000 years. This drastic increase in a greenhouse gas has had a number of consequences ...
Climate Change and Hazard Mitigation Planning
... efficient in many locations if the hazard profile and mitigation action plans are based on historic climate data alone. For example, a community can prepare for seasonal flooding without acknowledging climate change, but if the flood protection plan does not recognize that sea level rise and more in ...
... efficient in many locations if the hazard profile and mitigation action plans are based on historic climate data alone. For example, a community can prepare for seasonal flooding without acknowledging climate change, but if the flood protection plan does not recognize that sea level rise and more in ...
Climate change adaptation: challenges and opportunities for a smart
... Up to now, major efforts have been addressed to promote mitigation strategies, capable to reduce GHG emissions, paying less attention to adaptation strategies, aimed at improving cities’ capability to deal with the impacts of climate change. In Europe, which is considered one of the world leader in ...
... Up to now, major efforts have been addressed to promote mitigation strategies, capable to reduce GHG emissions, paying less attention to adaptation strategies, aimed at improving cities’ capability to deal with the impacts of climate change. In Europe, which is considered one of the world leader in ...
adapt to climate change
... It is now unequivocal that our climate is warming. Observations of increases in air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea levels all point directly to a warmer planet. There is overwhelming evidence that humans are contributing to global warming. Mo ...
... It is now unequivocal that our climate is warming. Observations of increases in air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice and rising global average sea levels all point directly to a warmer planet. There is overwhelming evidence that humans are contributing to global warming. Mo ...
likely effects of global climate change on the purse seine fishery for
... However, changes in mean turbulence are more substantial, with an ~10% decrease on the spawning grounds and 3 % increase on the main feeding grounds. MacKenzie et al. (1994) notes that low turbulence can be detrimental to recruitment by reducing the encounter rate between larvae and food particles. ...
... However, changes in mean turbulence are more substantial, with an ~10% decrease on the spawning grounds and 3 % increase on the main feeding grounds. MacKenzie et al. (1994) notes that low turbulence can be detrimental to recruitment by reducing the encounter rate between larvae and food particles. ...
Climate change. - Institut für Kommunikations
... associations as well as international organizations try to ensure food safety along the food production chain both on national and international level. They do so by means of regulations, standards, surveillance systems, controls and communication (Rooney & Wall, 2003; Schlundt, 2008). Definition of ...
... associations as well as international organizations try to ensure food safety along the food production chain both on national and international level. They do so by means of regulations, standards, surveillance systems, controls and communication (Rooney & Wall, 2003; Schlundt, 2008). Definition of ...
Effect of climate change on the thermal stratification of the baltic sea
... As mentioned above, the results of three sensitivity experiments were compared assuming runoff with no change, 20% increase and 20% decrease at the end of the century. In addition, cause-and-effect experiments were performed in order to understand the origin of changes in future climate. These cause ...
... As mentioned above, the results of three sensitivity experiments were compared assuming runoff with no change, 20% increase and 20% decrease at the end of the century. In addition, cause-and-effect experiments were performed in order to understand the origin of changes in future climate. These cause ...
as a PDF
... from CO2 buildup, in all likelihood the shifts will be slow and continuous. The best understanding of the atmospheric effects of CO2 buildup is in terms of their influence on central tendencies, as in gradually increasing average global temperatures. However, climate variabilities and frequencies of ...
... from CO2 buildup, in all likelihood the shifts will be slow and continuous. The best understanding of the atmospheric effects of CO2 buildup is in terms of their influence on central tendencies, as in gradually increasing average global temperatures. However, climate variabilities and frequencies of ...
Public Understanding of Climate Change in the United States
... Increasing certainty about these fundamental climate change phenomena is reflected in ever more definitive language in consensus judgments of the scientific community, such as the IPCC Assessment Reports of 1990, 1995, 2001, and 2007 and other independent assessments of the evidence (e.g., Karl et a ...
... Increasing certainty about these fundamental climate change phenomena is reflected in ever more definitive language in consensus judgments of the scientific community, such as the IPCC Assessment Reports of 1990, 1995, 2001, and 2007 and other independent assessments of the evidence (e.g., Karl et a ...
The role of biospheric feedbacks in the simulation of the... historical land cover change on the Australian January climate
... 4. Discussion and Conclusion [14] Most modeling experiments that have explored the impact of historical human-induced LCC have only incorporated the direct impact of LCC. These experiments have not incorporated the indirect effect of Human-induced LCC, that is, the impact of climate change and incre ...
... 4. Discussion and Conclusion [14] Most modeling experiments that have explored the impact of historical human-induced LCC have only incorporated the direct impact of LCC. These experiments have not incorporated the indirect effect of Human-induced LCC, that is, the impact of climate change and incre ...
Public Understanding of Climate Change in the United States
... Increasing certainty about these fundamental climate change phenomena is reflected in ever more definitive language in consensus judgments of the scientific community, such as the IPCC Assessment Reports of 1990, 1995, 2001, and 2007 and other independent assessments of the evidence (e.g., Karl et a ...
... Increasing certainty about these fundamental climate change phenomena is reflected in ever more definitive language in consensus judgments of the scientific community, such as the IPCC Assessment Reports of 1990, 1995, 2001, and 2007 and other independent assessments of the evidence (e.g., Karl et a ...
Does extreme precipitation intensity depend on the emissions
... precipitation is regridded (conserving total precipitation) onto a 2.5 by 2.5∘ grid. Then, the maximum for each year at each grid point is calculated. Next, the area-weighted global mean is taken. Finally, a decadal running average is applied. The change in extreme precipitation is the regression of ...
... precipitation is regridded (conserving total precipitation) onto a 2.5 by 2.5∘ grid. Then, the maximum for each year at each grid point is calculated. Next, the area-weighted global mean is taken. Finally, a decadal running average is applied. The change in extreme precipitation is the regression of ...
Human Development Report 2007/2008 Climate Change and
... typhoons/tropical cyclones a year hit Viet Nam’s coast, especially in the northern and central parts of the country (based on 1954-2000 period; MoNRE 2003). 10. A preliminary assessment of the impact of climate change on Viet Nam was carried out for the Initial National Communication to the United N ...
... typhoons/tropical cyclones a year hit Viet Nam’s coast, especially in the northern and central parts of the country (based on 1954-2000 period; MoNRE 2003). 10. A preliminary assessment of the impact of climate change on Viet Nam was carried out for the Initial National Communication to the United N ...
CHAPTER 5: Temperate Marine
... Because of the abundance of life in the water column and the movement of water over vast distances by currents, marine populations are thought to be much more interconnected than terrestrial ones. Numerous studies of population genetics bear this out, at least for species with planktonic larvae (rev ...
... Because of the abundance of life in the water column and the movement of water over vast distances by currents, marine populations are thought to be much more interconnected than terrestrial ones. Numerous studies of population genetics bear this out, at least for species with planktonic larvae (rev ...
France`s adaptation to global climate change
... preventive measures are necessary. It is clearly distinct from mitigation efforts, which must be carried out through «an anthropogenic intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases». Action in both directions is vital. Without an emissions mitigation policy, the resourc ...
... preventive measures are necessary. It is clearly distinct from mitigation efforts, which must be carried out through «an anthropogenic intervention to reduce the sources or enhance the sinks of greenhouse gases». Action in both directions is vital. Without an emissions mitigation policy, the resourc ...
Forcing of anthropogenic aerosols on temperature trends of the sub
... cean warming is a key signature of climate change, with the oceans accounting for more than 90% of the Earth’s warming since the 1950s1. Warming in the upper 700 m over 1960–1999 ranges from 0.04– 0.06uC per decade for the North Atlantic to less than 0.02uC per decade for the Indian and Pacific Ocea ...
... cean warming is a key signature of climate change, with the oceans accounting for more than 90% of the Earth’s warming since the 1950s1. Warming in the upper 700 m over 1960–1999 ranges from 0.04– 0.06uC per decade for the North Atlantic to less than 0.02uC per decade for the Indian and Pacific Ocea ...
Vulnerability of national economies to the impacts of climate change
... temperature to 2050 as the underlying indicator of exposure to climate change as it is the most direct, best understood and most readily available indicator of future climate change (Table 2; see also Scholze et al. 2006). We thus make the simplifying assumption that warming-related impacts (both po ...
... temperature to 2050 as the underlying indicator of exposure to climate change as it is the most direct, best understood and most readily available indicator of future climate change (Table 2; see also Scholze et al. 2006). We thus make the simplifying assumption that warming-related impacts (both po ...
Federal Climate Change Funding from FY2008 to FY2014
... This CRS report presents information available on federal budget authority in FY2008 through FY2013, and the President’s FY2014 request, for climate change activities of federal departments and agencies. The amounts are reported by OMB, and occasionally by individual departments and agencies where n ...
... This CRS report presents information available on federal budget authority in FY2008 through FY2013, and the President’s FY2014 request, for climate change activities of federal departments and agencies. The amounts are reported by OMB, and occasionally by individual departments and agencies where n ...
Arctic Climate and Water Change: Information Relevance for Assessment and Adaptation Arvid Bring
... e↵orts to understand transport and origin of key waterborne constituents. Further development of monitoring cannot rely only on a reconciliation of observations and projections on where climate change will be the most severe, as they diverge in this regard. Climate model simulations of drainage basi ...
... e↵orts to understand transport and origin of key waterborne constituents. Further development of monitoring cannot rely only on a reconciliation of observations and projections on where climate change will be the most severe, as they diverge in this regard. Climate model simulations of drainage basi ...
River Floods - ClimateCost
... the UK, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands and Belgium. • There is a very wide range around these central (mean) estimates, representing the range of results from different climate models. The study considered 12 alternative climate outputs (global climate model/ regional climate model combinations). ...
... the UK, Ireland, Italy, the Netherlands and Belgium. • There is a very wide range around these central (mean) estimates, representing the range of results from different climate models. The study considered 12 alternative climate outputs (global climate model/ regional climate model combinations). ...
English - Stockholm Convention
... The polar regions and Mountain zones will experience decreased snow cover, reduced glaciers and permafrost thawing, increased cloudiness and increased precipitation. The polar sea ice will break open and the polar regions will experience an increase in fresh-water run-off. The temperate, mediterrane ...
... The polar regions and Mountain zones will experience decreased snow cover, reduced glaciers and permafrost thawing, increased cloudiness and increased precipitation. The polar sea ice will break open and the polar regions will experience an increase in fresh-water run-off. The temperate, mediterrane ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.