Young People`s Burden: Requirement of Negative CO2 Emissions
... asked the Court to dismiss the case, in part based on the argument that the requested rate of fossil fuel emissions reduction was implausible. Magistrate Judge Coffin stated that he was “troubled” by the severity of the requested emissions reduction rate, but he also noted that some of the alleged c ...
... asked the Court to dismiss the case, in part based on the argument that the requested rate of fossil fuel emissions reduction was implausible. Magistrate Judge Coffin stated that he was “troubled” by the severity of the requested emissions reduction rate, but he also noted that some of the alleged c ...
Misdefining ``climate change``: consequences for science and action
... emissions of greenhouse gases will have a discernible influence on the future climate. Thus, if one accepts the conclusions of the IPCC, one is also bound to accept that the Kyoto Protocol if successfully implemented would have an indiscernible influence on future climate. An essential, but frequent ...
... emissions of greenhouse gases will have a discernible influence on the future climate. Thus, if one accepts the conclusions of the IPCC, one is also bound to accept that the Kyoto Protocol if successfully implemented would have an indiscernible influence on future climate. An essential, but frequent ...
Global warming and 21st century drying - Lamont
... aridity has increased in step with observed warming trends, and that this drying will worsen for many regions as global temperatures continue to rise with increasing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions (Burke et al. 2006; Dai 2013; Sheffield and Wood 2008). There are significant uncertainties, ho ...
... aridity has increased in step with observed warming trends, and that this drying will worsen for many regions as global temperatures continue to rise with increasing anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions (Burke et al. 2006; Dai 2013; Sheffield and Wood 2008). There are significant uncertainties, ho ...
Which of the following gases do not Melting sea ice could
... sea ice is thinning and the long‐term summer average cover has decreased by 34 percent in 1979. Ice from glaciers and ice sheets, which form on land, does add water to Earth's oceans when it melts and does contribute to sea level rise. Prof. Dr. Rik Leemans S6 ...
... sea ice is thinning and the long‐term summer average cover has decreased by 34 percent in 1979. Ice from glaciers and ice sheets, which form on land, does add water to Earth's oceans when it melts and does contribute to sea level rise. Prof. Dr. Rik Leemans S6 ...
Managing for climate change on federal lands of the western United
... Managing for climate change on federal lands of the western United States: perceived usefulness of climate science, effectiveness of adaptation strategies, and barriers to implementation Kerry B. Kemp 1, Jarod J. Blades 2, P. Zion Klos 1, Troy E. Hall 3, Jo Ellen Force 1, Penelope Morgan 1 and Wade ...
... Managing for climate change on federal lands of the western United States: perceived usefulness of climate science, effectiveness of adaptation strategies, and barriers to implementation Kerry B. Kemp 1, Jarod J. Blades 2, P. Zion Klos 1, Troy E. Hall 3, Jo Ellen Force 1, Penelope Morgan 1 and Wade ...
Losing Ground - Rocky Mountain Climate Organization
... far in advance. But each year, scientists learn more about how climate change already is affecting the planet and what consequences are likely to occur if current trends continue, including: Changing temperatures will reduce snowfall and snowpacks, change water supplies, and lead to more severe drou ...
... far in advance. But each year, scientists learn more about how climate change already is affecting the planet and what consequences are likely to occur if current trends continue, including: Changing temperatures will reduce snowfall and snowpacks, change water supplies, and lead to more severe drou ...
Climate Change Adaptation: Perspectives for Disaster Risk
... Figure 3: Schematic diagram of the national WRYM system model...................................................... 17 Figure 4: Detail of the national WRYM system model (Mooi-Mgeni River System) .............................. 18 Figure 5: Sediment regions and erosion hazard classes for South Africa ...
... Figure 3: Schematic diagram of the national WRYM system model...................................................... 17 Figure 4: Detail of the national WRYM system model (Mooi-Mgeni River System) .............................. 18 Figure 5: Sediment regions and erosion hazard classes for South Africa ...
Linking global and local scales: designing dynamic
... employed by scientists and managers to organize their understanding of the world and the relationships and interactions therein (e.g., ecologists "nd it useful to think of trees, forests, and biomes; politicians "nd it useful to think of cities, counties, states, and nations). In fact, because scale ...
... employed by scientists and managers to organize their understanding of the world and the relationships and interactions therein (e.g., ecologists "nd it useful to think of trees, forests, and biomes; politicians "nd it useful to think of cities, counties, states, and nations). In fact, because scale ...
impact of climate change on precipitation
... Fig 6.7: Comparison of observed and future Precipitation CASE1: 250N–900E Fig 6.8: Comparison of observed & future Precipitation CASE2: 250N–93.750E Fig 6.9: Comparison of observed & future Precipitation CASE3: 27.550N–900E Fig 6.10: Comparison of observed & future Precipitation CASE4: 27.550N–93.75 ...
... Fig 6.7: Comparison of observed and future Precipitation CASE1: 250N–900E Fig 6.8: Comparison of observed & future Precipitation CASE2: 250N–93.750E Fig 6.9: Comparison of observed & future Precipitation CASE3: 27.550N–900E Fig 6.10: Comparison of observed & future Precipitation CASE4: 27.550N–93.75 ...
Insights from the ocean carbon cycle
... The amplitude, however, is too strong, as was already shown for CCSM4 [Deser et al., 2012]. In conjunction with major volcanic eruptions (years 1258, 1452, and 1815) we find strong La Niña events and a shift of ENSO toward lower frequencies, both also visible in the sea level pressure-based Southern ...
... The amplitude, however, is too strong, as was already shown for CCSM4 [Deser et al., 2012]. In conjunction with major volcanic eruptions (years 1258, 1452, and 1815) we find strong La Niña events and a shift of ENSO toward lower frequencies, both also visible in the sea level pressure-based Southern ...
14.2.2 Predictability in a Chaotic System
... The climate system is a coupled non-linear chaotic system, and therefore the long-term prediction of future climate states is not possible. Rather the focus must be upon the prediction of the probability distribution of the system’s future possible states by the generation of ensembles of model solu ...
... The climate system is a coupled non-linear chaotic system, and therefore the long-term prediction of future climate states is not possible. Rather the focus must be upon the prediction of the probability distribution of the system’s future possible states by the generation of ensembles of model solu ...
Biodiversity climate change impacts report card technical paper
... status of coregonid fish, whose distribution in fewer than ten lakes is at the southernmost part of their subarctic ranges, is very likely to become increasingly threatened [H,Me]. Models predict changes in fish communities with warming on continuous landmasses but our island status makes future cha ...
... status of coregonid fish, whose distribution in fewer than ten lakes is at the southernmost part of their subarctic ranges, is very likely to become increasingly threatened [H,Me]. Models predict changes in fish communities with warming on continuous landmasses but our island status makes future cha ...
published in Global Environmental Change in 2011
... see Upham et al., 2009)., Only a minority, however, outright reject the reality and risks associated with climate change. Surveys indicate around one in ten within the UK definitely reject the notion of anthropogenic climate change (Upham et al., 2009, COI, 2008). For example, in 2001, a government ...
... see Upham et al., 2009)., Only a minority, however, outright reject the reality and risks associated with climate change. Surveys indicate around one in ten within the UK definitely reject the notion of anthropogenic climate change (Upham et al., 2009, COI, 2008). For example, in 2001, a government ...
Trends in river floods: why is there no clear signal in observations?
... Slack, 1999; Kundzewicz et al., 2005). In Europe there is some evidence of significant positive flood trends in northern Scandinavia (Lindström & Bergström, 2003, 2004; Kundzewicz et al., 2005), but no national flood trends could be found in the UK (Robson et al., 1998). There are significant trends ...
... Slack, 1999; Kundzewicz et al., 2005). In Europe there is some evidence of significant positive flood trends in northern Scandinavia (Lindström & Bergström, 2003, 2004; Kundzewicz et al., 2005), but no national flood trends could be found in the UK (Robson et al., 1998). There are significant trends ...
Consequences of Climate Change and Variability in the for a Vulnerability Assessment
... What is the Accepted View on the Ability of Climate Models to Make Skillful Multi-Decadal Regional Predictions? 1. From page 145 of the 2006 Response to the Public Comment of the CCSP Report Synthesis and Assessment Product 1.1 ‘Temperature Trends in the Lower Atmosphere: Steps for Understanding an ...
... What is the Accepted View on the Ability of Climate Models to Make Skillful Multi-Decadal Regional Predictions? 1. From page 145 of the 2006 Response to the Public Comment of the CCSP Report Synthesis and Assessment Product 1.1 ‘Temperature Trends in the Lower Atmosphere: Steps for Understanding an ...
An Initial Look at DoD`s Activities Toward Climate Change Resiliency
... were placed together and not in strict chronological order). Because DoDD 4715.21, “Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience,” January 14, 2016 provides a roadmap to the responsibilities and activities of the entire DoD, Appendix A arrays DoDD 4715.21 by organization and functional focus as a way of ...
... were placed together and not in strict chronological order). Because DoDD 4715.21, “Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience,” January 14, 2016 provides a roadmap to the responsibilities and activities of the entire DoD, Appendix A arrays DoDD 4715.21 by organization and functional focus as a way of ...
Empirical evidence for Thailand surface temperature changes and
... 1970s have been in phase with the persistent and exceptionally strong warm phase of ENSO cycles. Furthermore, the EOF1 coefficient series of T min and T amin have monotonically increased at a faster rate than those of T max , and T amax since the mid 1950s that resemble the greenhouse warming finger ...
... 1970s have been in phase with the persistent and exceptionally strong warm phase of ENSO cycles. Furthermore, the EOF1 coefficient series of T min and T amin have monotonically increased at a faster rate than those of T max , and T amax since the mid 1950s that resemble the greenhouse warming finger ...
Future Weather
... years showed that the coastal area has become wetter relative to inland areas. We investigated whether this trend is systematic, and whether we could expect similar changes in the regional precipitation differences in the future. Intense events of local precipitation have a large influence on societ ...
... years showed that the coastal area has become wetter relative to inland areas. We investigated whether this trend is systematic, and whether we could expect similar changes in the regional precipitation differences in the future. Intense events of local precipitation have a large influence on societ ...
national climate change policy
... In view of Pakistan’s high vulnerability to the adverse impacts of climate change, in particular extreme events, adaptation effort is the focus of this policy document. The vulnerabilities of various sectors to climate change have been highlighted and appropriate adaptation measures spelled out. The ...
... In view of Pakistan’s high vulnerability to the adverse impacts of climate change, in particular extreme events, adaptation effort is the focus of this policy document. The vulnerabilities of various sectors to climate change have been highlighted and appropriate adaptation measures spelled out. The ...
Assessment of potential climate change impacts on
... northern and central parts of Namibia. Significant uncertainties relating to the results presented must be acknowledged, however, and include those relating firstly to the climate projections, and those relating to the problems of modeling vegetation response to the projected changes. Uncertainties ...
... northern and central parts of Namibia. Significant uncertainties relating to the results presented must be acknowledged, however, and include those relating firstly to the climate projections, and those relating to the problems of modeling vegetation response to the projected changes. Uncertainties ...
on the front line of climate change and displacement
... and mitigate’ is a far worse strategy than proactively managing risks. There is no benefit in waiting to see if global warming will affect the region. Natural hazards already take an annual toll that destroys valuable property, threatens and takes lives and disrupts national economies. Any additiona ...
... and mitigate’ is a far worse strategy than proactively managing risks. There is no benefit in waiting to see if global warming will affect the region. Natural hazards already take an annual toll that destroys valuable property, threatens and takes lives and disrupts national economies. Any additiona ...
A Method to Estimate Climate-Critical Construction Materials
... In its most recent report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2014) found that over US$3 trillion in port infrastructure assets in 136 of the world’s largest port cities are vulnerable to weather events and that, “ports will be affected by climate changes including ...
... In its most recent report, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC, 2014) found that over US$3 trillion in port infrastructure assets in 136 of the world’s largest port cities are vulnerable to weather events and that, “ports will be affected by climate changes including ...
Business in a Climate- Constrained World
... This report outlines BSR’s new strategy to mobilize our formidable business network, global reach, industry insights, and issue expertise in support of sustained business action on climate change. Business and society face unprecedented risks as a consequence of climate-related impacts, including in ...
... This report outlines BSR’s new strategy to mobilize our formidable business network, global reach, industry insights, and issue expertise in support of sustained business action on climate change. Business and society face unprecedented risks as a consequence of climate-related impacts, including in ...
Turning points in climate change adaptation
... turn to alternative routes may be considered (the unexplored land). (1b) A threshold (here: failing safety standards at a sea level rise of 0.2 m relative to 1990) is translated into a time range in which the threshold is likely to be reached. The figure uses projected global-averaged, sea-level ris ...
... turn to alternative routes may be considered (the unexplored land). (1b) A threshold (here: failing safety standards at a sea level rise of 0.2 m relative to 1990) is translated into a time range in which the threshold is likely to be reached. The figure uses projected global-averaged, sea-level ris ...
Effects of global warming
The effects of global warming are the environmental and social changes caused (directly or indirectly) by human emissions of greenhouse gases. There is a scientific consensus that climate change is occurring, and that human activities are the primary driver. Many impacts of climate change have already been observed, including glacier retreat, changes in the timing of seasonal events (e.g., earlier flowering of plants), and changes in agricultural productivity.Future effects of climate change will vary depending on climate change policies and social development. The two main policies to address climate change are reducing human greenhouse gas emissions (climate change mitigation) and adapting to the impacts of climate change. Geoengineering is another policy option.Near-term climate change policies could significantly affect long-term climate change impacts. Stringent mitigation policies might be able to limit global warming (in 2100) to around 2 °C or below, relative to pre-industrial levels. Without mitigation, increased energy demand and extensive use of fossil fuels might lead to global warming of around 4 °C. Higher magnitudes of global warming would be more difficult to adapt to, and would increase the risk of negative impacts.