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Part B - KB e-learning Site for IB ITGS and IGCSE ICT
... 1. AI is permanent. Natural intelligence is perishable from a commercial standpoint in that workers can change their place of employment or forget information. AI, however, is as permanent as computer systems and programs. 2. AI offers case duplication. Transferring a body of knowledge from one pers ...
... 1. AI is permanent. Natural intelligence is perishable from a commercial standpoint in that workers can change their place of employment or forget information. AI, however, is as permanent as computer systems and programs. 2. AI offers case duplication. Transferring a body of knowledge from one pers ...
Artificial Intelligence
... solely on the basis of their answers to questions, then the machine can be assumed intelligent. ...
... solely on the basis of their answers to questions, then the machine can be assumed intelligent. ...
Part B - KB e-learning Site for IB ITGS and IGCSE ICT
... 1. AI is permanent. Natural intelligence is perishable from a commercial standpoint in that workers can change their place of employment or forget information. AI, however, is as permanent as computer systems and programs. 2. AI offers case duplication. Transferring a body of knowledge from one pers ...
... 1. AI is permanent. Natural intelligence is perishable from a commercial standpoint in that workers can change their place of employment or forget information. AI, however, is as permanent as computer systems and programs. 2. AI offers case duplication. Transferring a body of knowledge from one pers ...
Hal 9000 and AI - Computer Science and Technology
... The laws of thought Aristotle (384-322 BC) was one of the first to attempt to formalize the thinking process. His famous syllogisms provides pattern for argument structures that always gave correct conclusions given correct premises. E.g., “Socrates is a man; all men are mortal; therefore Socrates i ...
... The laws of thought Aristotle (384-322 BC) was one of the first to attempt to formalize the thinking process. His famous syllogisms provides pattern for argument structures that always gave correct conclusions given correct premises. E.g., “Socrates is a man; all men are mortal; therefore Socrates i ...
Document
... • the interrogator is allowed to ask any questions, even provocative ones, in order to identify the machine. The interrogator may, for example, ask both the human and the machine to perform complex mathematical calculations, expecting that the computer will provide a correct solution and will do it ...
... • the interrogator is allowed to ask any questions, even provocative ones, in order to identify the machine. The interrogator may, for example, ask both the human and the machine to perform complex mathematical calculations, expecting that the computer will provide a correct solution and will do it ...
Artificial Intelligence
... solely on the basis of their answers to questions, then the machine can be assumed intelligent. ...
... solely on the basis of their answers to questions, then the machine can be assumed intelligent. ...
Turing`s thinking machines: resonances with
... which is indistinguishable from the human skin. It is possible that at some time this might be done, but even supposing this invention available we should feel there was little point in trying to make a 'thinking machine' more human by dressing it up in such artificial flesh’[1]. We thus have a furt ...
... which is indistinguishable from the human skin. It is possible that at some time this might be done, but even supposing this invention available we should feel there was little point in trying to make a 'thinking machine' more human by dressing it up in such artificial flesh’[1]. We thus have a furt ...
AUBER F13
... mathematics, and natural phenomena. It has been carried forward by James D. Murray and others, and though things get a lot more complex than the examples tackled by Turing, it is enough to make something more coherent from the confusion of impressions and models. ...
... mathematics, and natural phenomena. It has been carried forward by James D. Murray and others, and though things get a lot more complex than the examples tackled by Turing, it is enough to make something more coherent from the confusion of impressions and models. ...
PHILOSOPHY OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Artificial intelligence
... for thinking an empirical one? • Searle: the question whether a symbol manipulating device can think is not empirical, but analytical, and can be answered negatively : ...
... for thinking an empirical one? • Searle: the question whether a symbol manipulating device can think is not empirical, but analytical, and can be answered negatively : ...
Artificial Intelligence
... solely on the basis of their answers to questions, then the machine can be assumed intelligent. ...
... solely on the basis of their answers to questions, then the machine can be assumed intelligent. ...
here - KB e-learning Site for IB ITGS and IGCSE ICT
... Alan Turing predicted in 1950 that in about fifty years "an average interrogator will not have more than a 70 percent chance of making the right identification after five minutes of questioning" in a version of the imitation game (the Turing Test) in which a computer imitates a human. – for more of ...
... Alan Turing predicted in 1950 that in about fifty years "an average interrogator will not have more than a 70 percent chance of making the right identification after five minutes of questioning" in a version of the imitation game (the Turing Test) in which a computer imitates a human. – for more of ...
JKB_Paper2_Technological Singularity
... that a machine will have passed the Turing Test. Many skeptics criticize Kurzweil’s predictions claiming the predictions lack scientific sustenance. Various meetings and conferences have been held by individuals to discuss the possibility of artificial intelligence. In February 2009, a meeting was h ...
... that a machine will have passed the Turing Test. Many skeptics criticize Kurzweil’s predictions claiming the predictions lack scientific sustenance. Various meetings and conferences have been held by individuals to discuss the possibility of artificial intelligence. In February 2009, a meeting was h ...
History of AI - School of Computer Science
... profession to deal with many more patients. There was talk about using Eliza as a front end with the most serious patients would be referred to a human psychiatrist. Despite Weizenbaum’s insistence that the program did not understand the patient’s problems, some in the profession still did not belie ...
... profession to deal with many more patients. There was talk about using Eliza as a front end with the most serious patients would be referred to a human psychiatrist. Despite Weizenbaum’s insistence that the program did not understand the patient’s problems, some in the profession still did not belie ...
CLASS1: Introduction - Xavier Institute of Management
... business and industrial applications in Eastern Europe. The Japanese have adopted PROLOG as the kernel language for their fifth generation AI effort (Moto-Oka, 1981). This is probably due to the ability of PROLOG to subsume the features of LISP more easily than the inverse of LISP subsuming the feat ...
... business and industrial applications in Eastern Europe. The Japanese have adopted PROLOG as the kernel language for their fifth generation AI effort (Moto-Oka, 1981). This is probably due to the ability of PROLOG to subsume the features of LISP more easily than the inverse of LISP subsuming the feat ...
Turing Test as a Defining Feature of AI-Completeness
... 1 Introduction Since its inception in the 1950s the field of Artificial Intelligence has produced some unparalleled accomplishments while at the same time failing to formalize the problem space it is concerned with. This paper proposes to address this shortcoming by extends on the work in [56] and c ...
... 1 Introduction Since its inception in the 1950s the field of Artificial Intelligence has produced some unparalleled accomplishments while at the same time failing to formalize the problem space it is concerned with. This paper proposes to address this shortcoming by extends on the work in [56] and c ...
Slides
... After much philosophical and psychological debate over many centuries, moreover, there's no agreed definition of 'intelligence'. In 1994 a group of 52 academics involved in intelligence-related research published a statement on what they considered it to be, and it is quoted here both because it rep ...
... After much philosophical and psychological debate over many centuries, moreover, there's no agreed definition of 'intelligence'. In 1994 a group of 52 academics involved in intelligence-related research published a statement on what they considered it to be, and it is quoted here both because it rep ...
cl1_aug30 - Department of Computer Science and Electrical
... • I am the psychotherapist. Please, describe your problems. Each time you are finished talking, type RET twice. • i'm having a hard time with my students • Why do you say that? • well, they keep asking me for money • Maybe your plans have something to do with this. • what plans? • Is it because of y ...
... • I am the psychotherapist. Please, describe your problems. Each time you are finished talking, type RET twice. • i'm having a hard time with my students • Why do you say that? • well, they keep asking me for money • Maybe your plans have something to do with this. • what plans? • Is it because of y ...
The Voice of the Turtle: Whatever Happened to AI?
... Some of us treat the Turing test as a holy relic (Guccione and Tamburrini 1988), and end up so close to it—analytically pursuing some sub-sub-…-subpart of it—that we no longer see the real AI goal, a world-altering functionality that Turing’s test was merely a first thought of how to test for. Other ...
... Some of us treat the Turing test as a holy relic (Guccione and Tamburrini 1988), and end up so close to it—analytically pursuing some sub-sub-…-subpart of it—that we no longer see the real AI goal, a world-altering functionality that Turing’s test was merely a first thought of how to test for. Other ...
Presentation – John Mc. Carthy
... • Game of Life example: – design the game of life with the ability to reason – would it be able to determine it’s own physical configuration is the same as the game of life? ...
... • Game of Life example: – design the game of life with the ability to reason – would it be able to determine it’s own physical configuration is the same as the game of life? ...
3 churchlands could a machine think?
... First, nervous systems are parallel machines, in the sense that signals are processed in millions of different pathways simultaneously. The retina, for example, presents its complex input to the brain not in chunks of eight, 16 or 32 elements, as in a desktop computer, but rather in the form of almo ...
... First, nervous systems are parallel machines, in the sense that signals are processed in millions of different pathways simultaneously. The retina, for example, presents its complex input to the brain not in chunks of eight, 16 or 32 elements, as in a desktop computer, but rather in the form of almo ...
- Cambridge Center for Behavioral Studies
... In 1972, Terry Winograd published his doctoral research at MIT on the SHRDLU system. SHRDLU simulated the actions of a robot interacting with a “blocks world” of different colored and shaped blocks which could be placed on a table or put in a box. It maintained an internal model of the state of the ...
... In 1972, Terry Winograd published his doctoral research at MIT on the SHRDLU system. SHRDLU simulated the actions of a robot interacting with a “blocks world” of different colored and shaped blocks which could be placed on a table or put in a box. It maintained an internal model of the state of the ...
ch-8-FIT-pt2
... During WWII Turing worked at Bletchley Park, Britain's codebreaking centre, & was responsible for German naval cryptanalysis. He devised a number of techniques for breaking German ciphers, including the method of the bombe, an electromechanical machine that could find settings for the Enigma machine ...
... During WWII Turing worked at Bletchley Park, Britain's codebreaking centre, & was responsible for German naval cryptanalysis. He devised a number of techniques for breaking German ciphers, including the method of the bombe, an electromechanical machine that could find settings for the Enigma machine ...
The History of Artificial Intelligence
... said, communicate ideas back to the human and understand common notions, displaying what we call common sense. Similar to how he used the Turing Machine to more clearly formalize what could or could not be computed, Alan Turing felt the need to propose the Turing Test so that there was a clear defin ...
... said, communicate ideas back to the human and understand common notions, displaying what we call common sense. Similar to how he used the Turing Machine to more clearly formalize what could or could not be computed, Alan Turing felt the need to propose the Turing Test so that there was a clear defin ...
Turing`s Red Flag - Computer Science and Engineering
... Q. Are you a computer? Siri. I can neither confirm nor deny my current existential status. Q. Are you a human? Siri. I’m an assistant. That’s all that matters. Q. Are you an AI? Siri. That’s a rather personal question. Based on conversations like these, it would appear that Siri is coming close to v ...
... Q. Are you a computer? Siri. I can neither confirm nor deny my current existential status. Q. Are you a human? Siri. I’m an assistant. That’s all that matters. Q. Are you an AI? Siri. That’s a rather personal question. Based on conversations like these, it would appear that Siri is coming close to v ...
Turing test
![](https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Special:FilePath/Turing_Test_version_3.png?width=300)
The Turing test is a test of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human. Alan Turing proposed that a human evaluator would judge natural language conversations between a human and a machine that is designed to generate human-like responses. The evaluator would be aware that one of the two partners in conversation is a machine, and all participants would be separated from one another. The conversation would be limited to a text-only channel such as a computer keyboard and screen so that the result would not be dependent on the machine's ability to render words as speech. If the evaluator cannot reliably tell the machine from the human (Turing originally suggested that the machine would convince a human 70% of the time after five minutes of conversation), the machine is said to have passed the test. The test does not check the ability to give correct answers to questions, only how closely answers resemble those a human would give.The test was introduced by Alan Turing in his 1950 paper ""Computing Machinery and Intelligence,"" while working at The University of Manchester (Turing, 1950; p. 460). It opens with the words: ""I propose to consider the question, 'Can machines think?'"" Because ""thinking"" is difficult to define, Turing chooses to ""replace the question by another, which is closely related to it and is expressed in relatively unambiguous words."" Turing's new question is: ""Are there imaginable digital computers which would do well in the imitation game?"" This question, Turing believed, is one that can actually be answered. In the remainder of the paper, he argued against all the major objections to the proposition that ""machines can think"".Since Turing first introduced his test, it has proven to be both highly influential and widely criticised, and it has become an important concept in the philosophy of artificial intelligence.