Simulating convesations: The communion game
... researchers have grasped the difficulty of designing machines that get about in the world by themselves. This difficulty was at first unexpected because people and their animal predecessors do so with ease. In response to these findings, some have argued that instead of starting with, for example, l ...
... researchers have grasped the difficulty of designing machines that get about in the world by themselves. This difficulty was at first unexpected because people and their animal predecessors do so with ease. In response to these findings, some have argued that instead of starting with, for example, l ...
intro
... •1943: McCulloch & Pitts: Boolean circuit model of brain •1950: Turing's “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” I propose to consider the question, "Can machines think?" This should begin with definitions of the meaning of the terms "machine" and "think." The definitions might be framed... -Alan Tur ...
... •1943: McCulloch & Pitts: Boolean circuit model of brain •1950: Turing's “Computing Machinery and Intelligence” I propose to consider the question, "Can machines think?" This should begin with definitions of the meaning of the terms "machine" and "think." The definitions might be framed... -Alan Tur ...
The computing legacy of Alan M. Turing
... machine, general recursiveness in the sense of Herbrand–Gödel–Kleene and -definability. Of these, the first has the advantage of identification with effectiveness in the ordinary sense evident immediately… . The second and third have the suitability for embodiment in a system of symbolic logic. ...
... machine, general recursiveness in the sense of Herbrand–Gödel–Kleene and -definability. Of these, the first has the advantage of identification with effectiveness in the ordinary sense evident immediately… . The second and third have the suitability for embodiment in a system of symbolic logic. ...
Surviving the AI Hype – Fundamental concepts to understand
... The above two definitions portray AI as a moving target making computers perform things that, at the moment, people do better. 40 years ago imagining that a computer could beat the world champion of chess was considered AI. However, today, this is considered normal. The same goes for speech recognit ...
... The above two definitions portray AI as a moving target making computers perform things that, at the moment, people do better. 40 years ago imagining that a computer could beat the world champion of chess was considered AI. However, today, this is considered normal. The same goes for speech recognit ...
Russell S , Norvig P Artificial Intelligence
... and experimental confirmation. A rationalist approach involves a combination of mathematics and engineering. Each group has both disparaged and helped the other. Let us look at the four approaches in more detail. ...
... and experimental confirmation. A rationalist approach involves a combination of mathematics and engineering. Each group has both disparaged and helped the other. Let us look at the four approaches in more detail. ...
CS 561a: Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
... Epistemology Study of the kinds of knowledge that are required for solving problems in the world. Ontology Study of the kinds of things that exist. In AI, the programs and sentences deal with various kinds of objects, and we study what these kinds are and what their basic properties are. ...
... Epistemology Study of the kinds of knowledge that are required for solving problems in the world. Ontology Study of the kinds of things that exist. In AI, the programs and sentences deal with various kinds of objects, and we study what these kinds are and what their basic properties are. ...
What is Artificial Intelligence? Psychometric AI as an Answer
... Unfortunately, ANALOGY simply hasn’t turned out to be the first system in a longstanding, comprehensive research program: after all, we find ourselves, at present, trying to start that very program. What went wrong? Well, certainly Psychometric AI would be patently untenable if the tests upon which ...
... Unfortunately, ANALOGY simply hasn’t turned out to be the first system in a longstanding, comprehensive research program: after all, we find ourselves, at present, trying to start that very program. What went wrong? Well, certainly Psychometric AI would be patently untenable if the tests upon which ...
PDF - The Institute for Christian Teaching
... Godel proved that mathematics based upon formal methods could not be both complete and consistent. In other words, if all mathematical problems had solutions, then it is necessarily true that there exist mathematical statements which are simultaneously true and false or if there are no simultaneousl ...
... Godel proved that mathematics based upon formal methods could not be both complete and consistent. In other words, if all mathematical problems had solutions, then it is necessarily true that there exist mathematical statements which are simultaneously true and false or if there are no simultaneousl ...
The Legacy of Alan Turing and John von Neumann
... I propose to consider the question ”Can machines think?” This should begin with definitions of the meaning of the terms ”machine” and ”think”....But this is absurd. Instead of attempting such a definition I shall replace the question by another, which is closely related to it and is expressed in rel ...
... I propose to consider the question ”Can machines think?” This should begin with definitions of the meaning of the terms ”machine” and ”think”....But this is absurd. Instead of attempting such a definition I shall replace the question by another, which is closely related to it and is expressed in rel ...
EVOLUTIONARY COMPUTATION
... optimized behavior is applicable in only a very limited domain. The more fundamental flaw is that this approach does not contribute to an understanding of the intelligence that we observe in humans, animals, social groups, or even in the evolution of life itself. Intelligence can be defined in terms ...
... optimized behavior is applicable in only a very limited domain. The more fundamental flaw is that this approach does not contribute to an understanding of the intelligence that we observe in humans, animals, social groups, or even in the evolution of life itself. Intelligence can be defined in terms ...
Human-Level Artificial Intelligence? Be Serious!
... humans should be able to do most of the things humans can do. In this article, I propose a way of treating seriously this characterization of human-level AI. For those willing to continue toward this goal, in spite of its difficulty, I make some suggestions about ways to proceed. Humans can “think,” ...
... humans should be able to do most of the things humans can do. In this article, I propose a way of treating seriously this characterization of human-level AI. For those willing to continue toward this goal, in spite of its difficulty, I make some suggestions about ways to proceed. Humans can “think,” ...
Reading Guide #6: Functionalism
... 12. Why do we ascribe intentionality to some animals? 13. Why does the other minds reply miss the point? 14. Does Searle’s argument show that artificial intelligence is impossible? What claim, precisely, does it aim to refute? 15. According to Searle, how could one make a machine that thought? 16. W ...
... 12. Why do we ascribe intentionality to some animals? 13. Why does the other minds reply miss the point? 14. Does Searle’s argument show that artificial intelligence is impossible? What claim, precisely, does it aim to refute? 15. According to Searle, how could one make a machine that thought? 16. W ...
http://ict.aiias.edu/vol_07/07cc_173-187.pdf
... equivalent solutions to Hilbert's problem [COHE90]. Like Godel they proved that math could not be both consistent and complete. Moreover, they defined precisely the notion of an algorithm and used it to prove that mathematics was not computable; i.e., it was not even possible to mechanically decide ...
... equivalent solutions to Hilbert's problem [COHE90]. Like Godel they proved that math could not be both consistent and complete. Moreover, they defined precisely the notion of an algorithm and used it to prove that mathematics was not computable; i.e., it was not even possible to mechanically decide ...
artificial intelligence: from the foundations of mathematics to
... equivalent solutions to Hilbert's problem [COHE90]. Like Godel they proved that math could not be both consistent and complete. Moreover, they defined precisely the notion of an algorithm and used it to prove that mathematics was not computable; i.e., it was not even possible to mechanically decide ...
... equivalent solutions to Hilbert's problem [COHE90]. Like Godel they proved that math could not be both consistent and complete. Moreover, they defined precisely the notion of an algorithm and used it to prove that mathematics was not computable; i.e., it was not even possible to mechanically decide ...
Is the search for computer-based artificial intelligence an
... ending in which Andrew is classified as human and given the rights that all humans have; most importantly, the right to love. Present day society is a long way from accepting artificial beings as human. This paper will present research in the fields of Artificial Intelligence and sociology, as well ...
... ending in which Andrew is classified as human and given the rights that all humans have; most importantly, the right to love. Present day society is a long way from accepting artificial beings as human. This paper will present research in the fields of Artificial Intelligence and sociology, as well ...
A rtificial-intelligence research is undergoing a revolution
... Time was on Dreyfus's side as well: the rate of cognitive return on increasing speed and memory began to slacken in the late 1970's and early 1980's. The simulation of object recognition in the visual system, for example, proved computationally intensive to an unexpected degree. Realistic results re ...
... Time was on Dreyfus's side as well: the rate of cognitive return on increasing speed and memory began to slacken in the late 1970's and early 1980's. The simulation of object recognition in the visual system, for example, proved computationally intensive to an unexpected degree. Realistic results re ...
What is AI? - University at Buffalo, Computer Science and
... intelligent if it passed a test of intelligence based on comparing it to a person. Turing Test ...
... intelligent if it passed a test of intelligence based on comparing it to a person. Turing Test ...
AI Research to AI Business, and Back: Automatic Story Generation
... only part of the story. The other part involves what we see as an axiom: If basic research is rigorous and general, there will be money and profits at the end of the research. The Computer Story Before there were physical computers, there were mathematical computers dancing in the head of Alan Turin ...
... only part of the story. The other part involves what we see as an axiom: If basic research is rigorous and general, there will be money and profits at the end of the research. The Computer Story Before there were physical computers, there were mathematical computers dancing in the head of Alan Turin ...
Philosophical issues of artificial intelligence
... On the other hand, why should we insist on a higher standard for machines than we do for humans? After all, in ordinary life we never have any direct evidence about the internal mental states of other humans. ...
... On the other hand, why should we insist on a higher standard for machines than we do for humans? After all, in ordinary life we never have any direct evidence about the internal mental states of other humans. ...
1. Analytical intelligence - Sheffield Department of Computer Science
... Experiment repeated with a range of people in 2 human positions. Test passed if number of successful identifications of computer is less than 30% Machine can lie – e.g. if asked if it has ever written a poem it could say it has, and it could pretend to get calculations wrong. ...
... Experiment repeated with a range of people in 2 human positions. Test passed if number of successful identifications of computer is less than 30% Machine can lie – e.g. if asked if it has ever written a poem it could say it has, and it could pretend to get calculations wrong. ...
Computational Intelligence
... Historically the hard core of AI was established during the Dartmouth Conference in 1956 when leading researchers such as John McCarthy, Alan Newell, Herbert Simon, and others from different disciplines, formed the new scientific community of AI. They all were inspired by Turing's question "Can mach ...
... Historically the hard core of AI was established during the Dartmouth Conference in 1956 when leading researchers such as John McCarthy, Alan Newell, Herbert Simon, and others from different disciplines, formed the new scientific community of AI. They all were inspired by Turing's question "Can mach ...
turing
... every kind of technique should be permitted. We [accordingly] only permit digital computers to take part in our game. This is where Turing contradicts what he said earlier, withdrawing the eligibility of all engineering systems but one, thereby introducing another arbitrary restriction -one that wou ...
... every kind of technique should be permitted. We [accordingly] only permit digital computers to take part in our game. This is where Turing contradicts what he said earlier, withdrawing the eligibility of all engineering systems but one, thereby introducing another arbitrary restriction -one that wou ...
Introduction to Computer Architecture
... The universal machine has a set of basic actions, and each such action can be interpreted as an instruction. ...
... The universal machine has a set of basic actions, and each such action can be interpreted as an instruction. ...
What is AI? - UB Computer Science and Engineering
... AI “it is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. ...
... AI “it is the science and engineering of making intelligent machines, especially intelligent computer programs. ...
Conversations with computers—The Turing test
... computer program. This issue has sharply divided people. Some find the idea preposterous, insane, or even blasphemous, while others believe that artificial intelligence is inevitable and that eventually we will develop machines that are just as intelligent as us. (As countless science fiction author ...
... computer program. This issue has sharply divided people. Some find the idea preposterous, insane, or even blasphemous, while others believe that artificial intelligence is inevitable and that eventually we will develop machines that are just as intelligent as us. (As countless science fiction author ...
Turing test
The Turing test is a test of a machine's ability to exhibit intelligent behavior equivalent to, or indistinguishable from, that of a human. Alan Turing proposed that a human evaluator would judge natural language conversations between a human and a machine that is designed to generate human-like responses. The evaluator would be aware that one of the two partners in conversation is a machine, and all participants would be separated from one another. The conversation would be limited to a text-only channel such as a computer keyboard and screen so that the result would not be dependent on the machine's ability to render words as speech. If the evaluator cannot reliably tell the machine from the human (Turing originally suggested that the machine would convince a human 70% of the time after five minutes of conversation), the machine is said to have passed the test. The test does not check the ability to give correct answers to questions, only how closely answers resemble those a human would give.The test was introduced by Alan Turing in his 1950 paper ""Computing Machinery and Intelligence,"" while working at The University of Manchester (Turing, 1950; p. 460). It opens with the words: ""I propose to consider the question, 'Can machines think?'"" Because ""thinking"" is difficult to define, Turing chooses to ""replace the question by another, which is closely related to it and is expressed in relatively unambiguous words."" Turing's new question is: ""Are there imaginable digital computers which would do well in the imitation game?"" This question, Turing believed, is one that can actually be answered. In the remainder of the paper, he argued against all the major objections to the proposition that ""machines can think"".Since Turing first introduced his test, it has proven to be both highly influential and widely criticised, and it has become an important concept in the philosophy of artificial intelligence.