Lecture 2 – Week 7 Control of Microbial Growth
... has a specific enzyme, oxidase. • An oxidase reagent is added to the sample of bacteria and if oxidase is present, there will be a color change (purple = a positive result). ...
... has a specific enzyme, oxidase. • An oxidase reagent is added to the sample of bacteria and if oxidase is present, there will be a color change (purple = a positive result). ...
Austin Texas Championship Poster
... Motivation and Background In recent years, the ability to expand the genetic code has been made possible by re-coding the amber stop codon, UAG, via the use of modified tRNA synthetase/tRNA pairs. The modified tRNA synthetase charges the modified tRNA with a non-canonical amino acid (ncAA), an amino ...
... Motivation and Background In recent years, the ability to expand the genetic code has been made possible by re-coding the amber stop codon, UAG, via the use of modified tRNA synthetase/tRNA pairs. The modified tRNA synthetase charges the modified tRNA with a non-canonical amino acid (ncAA), an amino ...
The role of dSAGA specific histone acetylation in regulation of gene
... effective in mediating of repressive function. Besides this, the presence of the short isoform alone was not sufficient for the proper regulation of more than the half of the dSAGA-dependent genes. Thus the normal expression of these genes might require the presence of either the long isoform or bot ...
... effective in mediating of repressive function. Besides this, the presence of the short isoform alone was not sufficient for the proper regulation of more than the half of the dSAGA-dependent genes. Thus the normal expression of these genes might require the presence of either the long isoform or bot ...
III. Metabolism
... Lactate fermentation is important in red blood cells, parts of the retina and in skeletal muscle cells during extreme high activity. Also important in plants and microbes growing in absence of O2. ∆G’° = -25.1 kJ/mol ...
... Lactate fermentation is important in red blood cells, parts of the retina and in skeletal muscle cells during extreme high activity. Also important in plants and microbes growing in absence of O2. ∆G’° = -25.1 kJ/mol ...
Chapter 13 (part 1) - University of Nevada, Reno
... • Not the mere reversal of glycolysis for 2 reasons: – Energetics must change to make gluconeogenesis favorable (delta G of glycolysis = -74 kJ/mol – Reciprocal regulation must turn one on and the other off - this requires something new! ...
... • Not the mere reversal of glycolysis for 2 reasons: – Energetics must change to make gluconeogenesis favorable (delta G of glycolysis = -74 kJ/mol – Reciprocal regulation must turn one on and the other off - this requires something new! ...
access full article - Caister Academic Press
... genes and the phenotypes of representative mutants are shown in figures 1A and 1B, respectively. Initial homology determinations were performed using BLAST (Altschul et al., 1990). The product of orf1 was weakly similar (61%; 59 a.a.) to phospholipase C precursor protein (Swissprot acession number P ...
... genes and the phenotypes of representative mutants are shown in figures 1A and 1B, respectively. Initial homology determinations were performed using BLAST (Altschul et al., 1990). The product of orf1 was weakly similar (61%; 59 a.a.) to phospholipase C precursor protein (Swissprot acession number P ...
PowerPoint 簡報
... and NAD+ can also be produced from tryptophan (60 grams of trptophan 1 gram of NAD+), so it is not often to observe niacin deficiency. • However, niacin deficiency can still be observed in areas where maize is the main carbohydrate source because maize only contain niacytin, a bound unavailable fo ...
... and NAD+ can also be produced from tryptophan (60 grams of trptophan 1 gram of NAD+), so it is not often to observe niacin deficiency. • However, niacin deficiency can still be observed in areas where maize is the main carbohydrate source because maize only contain niacytin, a bound unavailable fo ...
Regulation of blood glucose (Homeostasis)
... in lactating mammary gland, synthesis of glycoproteins and glycolipids. -Formation of ribose sugars from glucose required for nucleic acid synthesis. ...
... in lactating mammary gland, synthesis of glycoproteins and glycolipids. -Formation of ribose sugars from glucose required for nucleic acid synthesis. ...
Integrating metabolic, transcriptional regulatory and
... large-scale modeling of carbon and energy metabolism is called fluxbalance analysis (FBA). FBA has been used to model metabolism in a host of microbial species, and has been expanded for a variety of applications (reviewed in Price et al., 2004). Two extensions of FBA of interest here are the use of ...
... large-scale modeling of carbon and energy metabolism is called fluxbalance analysis (FBA). FBA has been used to model metabolism in a host of microbial species, and has been expanded for a variety of applications (reviewed in Price et al., 2004). Two extensions of FBA of interest here are the use of ...
SBT-production - Webarchiv ETHZ / Webarchive ETH
... Enzymes for reactions not active in the wild-type strain are not expressed, and gene deletion is thus not required. Mixtures of different carbohydrates are not tested in silico as they may be not consumed simultaneously in vivo. 1. Flux balance analysis (FBA) max (growth rate) s.t. metabolite ba ...
... Enzymes for reactions not active in the wild-type strain are not expressed, and gene deletion is thus not required. Mixtures of different carbohydrates are not tested in silico as they may be not consumed simultaneously in vivo. 1. Flux balance analysis (FBA) max (growth rate) s.t. metabolite ba ...
pDsRed-Monomer Vector Information
... In pDsRed-Monomer, the DsRed-Monomer coding sequence is flanked at the 5' and 3' ends by separate and distinct multiple cloning sites (MCS), making it easy to excise the gene for use in other cloning applications. Alternatively, the DsRed-Monomer coding sequence can be amplified by PCR. In E. coli, ...
... In pDsRed-Monomer, the DsRed-Monomer coding sequence is flanked at the 5' and 3' ends by separate and distinct multiple cloning sites (MCS), making it easy to excise the gene for use in other cloning applications. Alternatively, the DsRed-Monomer coding sequence can be amplified by PCR. In E. coli, ...
05. Metabolism of carbohydrates 1
... transformed to pyruvate with production of a small amount of energy in the form of ATP or NADH. Glycolysis is an anaerobic process (it does not require oxygen). Glycolysis pathway is used by anaerobic as well as aerobic organisms. In glycolysis one molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules ...
... transformed to pyruvate with production of a small amount of energy in the form of ATP or NADH. Glycolysis is an anaerobic process (it does not require oxygen). Glycolysis pathway is used by anaerobic as well as aerobic organisms. In glycolysis one molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules ...
METABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES: GLYCOLYSIS
... However, the affinity of hexokinase for glucose is 20 times as great as it is for fructose. Little fructose 6-phosphate is formed in the liver because glucose is so much more abundant in this organ. Glucose, as the preferred fuel, is also trapped in the muscle by the hexokinase reaction. Because ...
... However, the affinity of hexokinase for glucose is 20 times as great as it is for fructose. Little fructose 6-phosphate is formed in the liver because glucose is so much more abundant in this organ. Glucose, as the preferred fuel, is also trapped in the muscle by the hexokinase reaction. Because ...
Glucose transporters (GLUT and SGLT)
... The class I facilitative transporters contain GLUT1– 4, and these have been comprehensively characterised in terms of structure, function and tissue distribution. GLUT1 is expressed particularly in the brain (including the blood – brain barrier) and erthyrocytes. Moderate levels of expression are al ...
... The class I facilitative transporters contain GLUT1– 4, and these have been comprehensively characterised in terms of structure, function and tissue distribution. GLUT1 is expressed particularly in the brain (including the blood – brain barrier) and erthyrocytes. Moderate levels of expression are al ...
GRASP-DNA: A Web Application to Screen Prokaryotic Genomes for
... Abstract The ability to control multiple genes at the transcriptional level often relies on the existence of short stretches of well-defined DNA sequences, to which regulatory proteins and transcription factors bind. In this article we present a freely accessible webbased application (GRASP-DNA), th ...
... Abstract The ability to control multiple genes at the transcriptional level often relies on the existence of short stretches of well-defined DNA sequences, to which regulatory proteins and transcription factors bind. In this article we present a freely accessible webbased application (GRASP-DNA), th ...
... i) Briefly describe why the ∆Go for the phosphorylation of glucose in glycolysis is –17 kJ/mol, not +16 kJ/mol, as you might predict from the ∆Go for the release of phosphate from glucose. The phosphorylation of glucose is coupled to the hydrolysis of ATP, the net energetics is: +16 kJ/mol – 30 kJ/m ...
Paraoxonase-2 Gene (PON2) G148 Variant Associated with
... of any quantitative phenotype with variations in two other genes on 7q21.3-q22.1, namely PON1 and PDK4. The absence of associations with the other closely linked genetic markers suggests that the association of a variation in plasma glucose in NIDDM with the PON2 genotype is specific, although the c ...
... of any quantitative phenotype with variations in two other genes on 7q21.3-q22.1, namely PON1 and PDK4. The absence of associations with the other closely linked genetic markers suggests that the association of a variation in plasma glucose in NIDDM with the PON2 genotype is specific, although the c ...
![Trends in Genetics 9:375. [pdf reprint 109 kb]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/017557884_1-28a68d1c60cf8baa3f06095d10e78800-300x300.png)
Trends in Genetics 9:375. [pdf reprint 109 kb]
... ent results obtained with very similar vectors, such as pUC18 and pUC19, are probably the result of sequence differences in the amino termini of the Lacla proteins they produce; these regions are encoded by the polylinkers of the vectors. In addition to the pUC family, multipurpose pBluescript-serie ...
... ent results obtained with very similar vectors, such as pUC18 and pUC19, are probably the result of sequence differences in the amino termini of the Lacla proteins they produce; these regions are encoded by the polylinkers of the vectors. In addition to the pUC family, multipurpose pBluescript-serie ...
Enzymes
... process; they are not very sweet as they contain dextrins and oligosaccharides. The dextrins and oligosaccharides are further hydrolysed by enzymes such as pullulanase and glucoamylase in a process known as saccharification. Complete saccharification converts all the limit dextrans to glucose, malto ...
... process; they are not very sweet as they contain dextrins and oligosaccharides. The dextrins and oligosaccharides are further hydrolysed by enzymes such as pullulanase and glucoamylase in a process known as saccharification. Complete saccharification converts all the limit dextrans to glucose, malto ...
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
... CO2. Krebs cycle is the final common oxidative pathway for carbohydrates, fats or amino acids, through acetyl CoA.(Located in mitochondria) 3. Gluconeogenesis: The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors (e.g. amino acids, glycerol etc.). (Located in cytosol) 4. Glycogenesis: The forma ...
... CO2. Krebs cycle is the final common oxidative pathway for carbohydrates, fats or amino acids, through acetyl CoA.(Located in mitochondria) 3. Gluconeogenesis: The synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate precursors (e.g. amino acids, glycerol etc.). (Located in cytosol) 4. Glycogenesis: The forma ...
Block 1 Unit #3
... a. Hexokinase, Phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase 8. What role does dihydroxyacetone phosphate play in a) glycolysis b) triglyceride synthesis c) in the glycerol phosphate shuttle? a. Glycolysis – dihydroxyacetone is converted to Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate b. Triglyceride synthesis – it is convert ...
... a. Hexokinase, Phosphofructokinase, pyruvate kinase 8. What role does dihydroxyacetone phosphate play in a) glycolysis b) triglyceride synthesis c) in the glycerol phosphate shuttle? a. Glycolysis – dihydroxyacetone is converted to Glyceraldehyde 3 Phosphate b. Triglyceride synthesis – it is convert ...
Slayt 1 - Cumhuriyet University
... Some tissues only metabolise glucose: CNS, PNS, red blood cells, kidney, eye Metabolise glucose at constant rate. Rate of glucose uptake determined by blood [glucose]. Keep blood [glucose] constant to enable metabolism to proceed ...
... Some tissues only metabolise glucose: CNS, PNS, red blood cells, kidney, eye Metabolise glucose at constant rate. Rate of glucose uptake determined by blood [glucose]. Keep blood [glucose] constant to enable metabolism to proceed ...
Glycogen Metabolism, Electron Transport/Oxidative Phosphorylation
... • This occurs only after several days of no food. • The accessible sources of proteins in your body are muscles and lean body tissue. You start to “eat” your muscles • 1) sugar (easy to move and store), 2) fats (HUGELY energetic, 2.25x sugar) and hopefully never 3) proteins (last resource, energetic ...
... • This occurs only after several days of no food. • The accessible sources of proteins in your body are muscles and lean body tissue. You start to “eat” your muscles • 1) sugar (easy to move and store), 2) fats (HUGELY energetic, 2.25x sugar) and hopefully never 3) proteins (last resource, energetic ...
PL05_Glucdisp
... – Simulated by concentration changes that reflect a low energy charge • An increase in ADP/AMP and a decrease in ATP • These molecules bind at a site away from the active site – the allosteric binding sites. ...
... – Simulated by concentration changes that reflect a low energy charge • An increase in ADP/AMP and a decrease in ATP • These molecules bind at a site away from the active site – the allosteric binding sites. ...
Lac operon
lac operon (lactose operon) is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in Escherichia coli and many other enteric bacteria. Although glucose is the preferred carbon source for most bacteria, the lac operon allows for the effective digestion of lactose when glucose is not available. Gene regulation of the lac operon was the first genetic regulatory mechanism to be understood clearly, so it has become a foremost example of prokaryotic gene regulation. It is often discussed in introductory molecular and cellular biology classes at universities for this reason.Bacterial operons are polycistronic transcripts that are able to produce multiple proteins from one mRNA transcript. In this case, when lactose is required as a sugar source for the bacterium, the three genes of the lac operon can be expressed and their subsequent proteins translated: lacZ, lacY, and lacA. The gene product of lacZ is β-galactosidase which cleaves lactose, a disaccharide, into glucose and galactose. LacY encodes lactose permease, a protein which becomes embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane to enable transport of lactose into the cell. Finally, lacA encodes galactoside O-acetyltransferase. Layout of the lac operon.It would be wasteful to produce the enzymes when there is no lactose available or if there is a more preferable energy source available, such as glucose. The lac operon uses a two-part control mechanism to ensure that the cell expends energy producing the enzymes encoded by the lac operon only when necessary. In the absence of lactose, the lac repressor halts production of the enzymes encoded by the lac operon. In the presence of glucose, the catabolite activator protein (CAP), required for production of the enzymes, remains inactive, and EIIAGlc shuts down lactose permease to prevent transport of lactose into the cell. This dual control mechanism causes the sequential utilization of glucose and lactose in two distinct growth phases, known as diauxie.