Examining Escherichia coli glycolytic pathways, catabolite
... via the pfkA deletion significantly decreased the growth rate, while EDP overexpression in the ΔpfkA mutant failed to improve its growth rates due to metabolic burden. However, the reorganization of E. coli glycolytic strategies did reduce glucose catabolite repression. The ΔpfkA mutant in glucose m ...
... via the pfkA deletion significantly decreased the growth rate, while EDP overexpression in the ΔpfkA mutant failed to improve its growth rates due to metabolic burden. However, the reorganization of E. coli glycolytic strategies did reduce glucose catabolite repression. The ΔpfkA mutant in glucose m ...
Lecture 22 – New HW assignment – Anaerobic metabolism (continued) – Other sugars
... CH3-CH2CH2-C-CoA 2 NADH 2 NAD ...
... CH3-CH2CH2-C-CoA 2 NADH 2 NAD ...
Green Fluorescent Protein: A Reporter Molecule
... Very stable structure that is resistant to denaturing ...
... Very stable structure that is resistant to denaturing ...
UvA-DARE (Digital Academic Repository)
... interest as well as interacting pathways. In wild-type E. coli cells, glucose is transported into the cytoplasm through a group translocation mechanism by the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP): carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS), with concomitant phosphorylation using PEP as phosphorus donor, yiel ...
... interest as well as interacting pathways. In wild-type E. coli cells, glucose is transported into the cytoplasm through a group translocation mechanism by the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP): carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS), with concomitant phosphorylation using PEP as phosphorus donor, yiel ...
Testing Artificial Gene Design to Inhibit the Growth of E. cole As an
... should be noted that no aromatic residues were included in either polypeptide because they tend to be targeted by the disaggregase ClpB and the Lon protease when exposed to the intracellular milieu. (Baneyx and Mujacic, 2004) (Gur and Sauer, 2008) By these mechanisms, the gene sequences were specifi ...
... should be noted that no aromatic residues were included in either polypeptide because they tend to be targeted by the disaggregase ClpB and the Lon protease when exposed to the intracellular milieu. (Baneyx and Mujacic, 2004) (Gur and Sauer, 2008) By these mechanisms, the gene sequences were specifi ...
K-12 MG1655 Escherichia coli Blocks the Aerobic
... mutant 4). The deletion of the ygiN gene was conducted by homologous recombination of a PCR-amplified linear fragment using a lambda Red recombinase system (10). In short, the gene to be deleted was replaced by a kanamycin gene flanked by FLP recombination target (FRT) sites, and the insert was remo ...
... mutant 4). The deletion of the ygiN gene was conducted by homologous recombination of a PCR-amplified linear fragment using a lambda Red recombinase system (10). In short, the gene to be deleted was replaced by a kanamycin gene flanked by FLP recombination target (FRT) sites, and the insert was remo ...
Overview of Aerobic Respiration
... glucose into two molecules of pyruvate After glycolysis, the two pathways diverge • Fermentation is completed in the cytoplasm, yielding 2 ATP per glucose molecule • Aerobic respiration is completed in mitochondria, yielding 36 ATP per glucose molecule ...
... glucose into two molecules of pyruvate After glycolysis, the two pathways diverge • Fermentation is completed in the cytoplasm, yielding 2 ATP per glucose molecule • Aerobic respiration is completed in mitochondria, yielding 36 ATP per glucose molecule ...
Intermediary Metabolism Intermediary Metabolism
... protein synthesis glucose uptake glycogen synthesis ...
... protein synthesis glucose uptake glycogen synthesis ...
Regulation of secondary metabolism in fungi
... as members of a particular chemical family because of the low specificity of some enzymes involved in secondary metabolism. They include mycotoxins, antibiotics, pigments, and pheromones. An important characteristic of secondary metabolism is that it is usually suppressed by high specific growth rat ...
... as members of a particular chemical family because of the low specificity of some enzymes involved in secondary metabolism. They include mycotoxins, antibiotics, pigments, and pheromones. An important characteristic of secondary metabolism is that it is usually suppressed by high specific growth rat ...
L26_Adv06
... G6Pase activity low in fresh, live liver cells But seems to have normal G6Pase activity. in tissue that is frozen, then thawed: What does this mean? A Mark makes normal G6Pase B Mark has a G6Pase that only works in cold C The defect is G6Pase in muscle only ...
... G6Pase activity low in fresh, live liver cells But seems to have normal G6Pase activity. in tissue that is frozen, then thawed: What does this mean? A Mark makes normal G6Pase B Mark has a G6Pase that only works in cold C The defect is G6Pase in muscle only ...
LYTIC AND LYSOGENIC CYCLES
... produce phage. In most cases the phage DNA actually integrates into the host chromosome and is replicated along with the host chromosome and passed on to the daughter cells. The cell harboring a prophage is not adversely affected by the presence of the prophage and the lysogenic state may persist in ...
... produce phage. In most cases the phage DNA actually integrates into the host chromosome and is replicated along with the host chromosome and passed on to the daughter cells. The cell harboring a prophage is not adversely affected by the presence of the prophage and the lysogenic state may persist in ...
Chapter 14 Glycolysis and the catabolism of hexoses
... (Kinase Enzyme that transfers a PO4- from NTP to acceptor molecule) Called hexokinase because will also work with fructose and mannose absolute requirement for Mg2+ for binding of ATP@Mg2+ Back in chapter 8 used this as an example of induced fit because big change in structure when substrate binds i ...
... (Kinase Enzyme that transfers a PO4- from NTP to acceptor molecule) Called hexokinase because will also work with fructose and mannose absolute requirement for Mg2+ for binding of ATP@Mg2+ Back in chapter 8 used this as an example of induced fit because big change in structure when substrate binds i ...
Intro to Metabolism II and Glycolysis
... XXIX. Relative changes in [ATP] and [AMP] when ATP is consumed [S29] a. When there is plenty of ATP, glycolysis is inhibited & when ATP goes down, glycolysis is activated. b. Glycolysis does not occur though because of changes in ATP but instead due to the change in concentration of AMP. c. Just a 1 ...
... XXIX. Relative changes in [ATP] and [AMP] when ATP is consumed [S29] a. When there is plenty of ATP, glycolysis is inhibited & when ATP goes down, glycolysis is activated. b. Glycolysis does not occur though because of changes in ATP but instead due to the change in concentration of AMP. c. Just a 1 ...
The pyruvate dehydrogenase complex of the chemol
... The genes encoding pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans were previously located by cloning and sequence analysis of the region upstream of the genes encoding the citrate synthase and yglutamylcysteinesynthetase genes. The pdh genes of T. ferrooxidans were able to complement an E ...
... The genes encoding pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) of Thiobacillus ferrooxidans were previously located by cloning and sequence analysis of the region upstream of the genes encoding the citrate synthase and yglutamylcysteinesynthetase genes. The pdh genes of T. ferrooxidans were able to complement an E ...
檔案下載
... Some fates of glucose •Glycolysis 糖解作用: metabolizes one molecule of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate with the concomitant net production of two molecules of ATP. – The process is anaerobic, O2 is not required – Pyruvate is further processed: •Anarobically through fermentation 發酵作用, two molecule ...
... Some fates of glucose •Glycolysis 糖解作用: metabolizes one molecule of glucose to two molecules of pyruvate with the concomitant net production of two molecules of ATP. – The process is anaerobic, O2 is not required – Pyruvate is further processed: •Anarobically through fermentation 發酵作用, two molecule ...
Slide 1
... transformed to pyruvate with production of a small amount of energy in the form of ATP or NADH. Glycolysis is an anaerobic process (it does not require oxygen). Glycolysis pathway is used by anaerobic as well as aerobic organisms. In glycolysis one molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules ...
... transformed to pyruvate with production of a small amount of energy in the form of ATP or NADH. Glycolysis is an anaerobic process (it does not require oxygen). Glycolysis pathway is used by anaerobic as well as aerobic organisms. In glycolysis one molecule of glucose is converted into two molecules ...
Putrescine oxidase of Micrococcus rubens : primary
... pH 7.5) containing 0.5 YONonidet P-40, 1 x Denhardt's solution and 50 pg salmon sperm DNA ml-' was carried out at 60 "C for 2 h. Hybridization was then done with the 32P-labelledprobes at 42 "C for 16 h in the same buffer. The nitrocellulose filters were washed three times in 2 x SSC (1 x SSC is 0.1 ...
... pH 7.5) containing 0.5 YONonidet P-40, 1 x Denhardt's solution and 50 pg salmon sperm DNA ml-' was carried out at 60 "C for 2 h. Hybridization was then done with the 32P-labelledprobes at 42 "C for 16 h in the same buffer. The nitrocellulose filters were washed three times in 2 x SSC (1 x SSC is 0.1 ...
Gene clusters for β-lactam antibiotics and control of their expression
... Early steps in the formation of β-lactam antibiotics. Two enzymatic steps are common to all β-lactam producers and result in the formation of isopenicillin N, the first compound in the pathway with antibiotic activity. The first enzyme of the pathway is δ-(L-α-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (ACV) ...
... Early steps in the formation of β-lactam antibiotics. Two enzymatic steps are common to all β-lactam producers and result in the formation of isopenicillin N, the first compound in the pathway with antibiotic activity. The first enzyme of the pathway is δ-(L-α-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (ACV) ...
Full text in pdf - International Microbiology
... Early steps in the formation of β-lactam antibiotics. Two enzymatic steps are common to all β-lactam producers and result in the formation of isopenicillin N, the first compound in the pathway with antibiotic activity. The first enzyme of the pathway is δ-(L-α-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (ACV) ...
... Early steps in the formation of β-lactam antibiotics. Two enzymatic steps are common to all β-lactam producers and result in the formation of isopenicillin N, the first compound in the pathway with antibiotic activity. The first enzyme of the pathway is δ-(L-α-aminoadipyl)-L-cysteinyl-D-valine (ACV) ...
Gluconeogenesis by Dr Tarek
... • Glucogenic amino acids: amino acids by deamination can be converted into keto acids as pyruvic, α-ketoglutaric and oxaloacetic acid. • Proteins are considered as one of the main sources of blood glucose especially after 18 hr due to depletion of liver glycogen. ...
... • Glucogenic amino acids: amino acids by deamination can be converted into keto acids as pyruvic, α-ketoglutaric and oxaloacetic acid. • Proteins are considered as one of the main sources of blood glucose especially after 18 hr due to depletion of liver glycogen. ...
Noise in eukaryotic gene expression
... the quantal view of eukaryotic transcription1 (see Box 1). An additional important factor in the control of eukaryotic gene expression is the role of transcriptional activators, which, through a variety of mechanisms25, can affect the rates of transition between various states of promoter occupancy ...
... the quantal view of eukaryotic transcription1 (see Box 1). An additional important factor in the control of eukaryotic gene expression is the role of transcriptional activators, which, through a variety of mechanisms25, can affect the rates of transition between various states of promoter occupancy ...
GLUCONEOGENESIS
... 2. The provision of building blocks for synthetic reactions, such as the formation of fatty acids. ...
... 2. The provision of building blocks for synthetic reactions, such as the formation of fatty acids. ...
Cell Respiration Key
... Label the following picture. Use the following terms: ETC (electron transport chain), pyruvate, mitochondrial matrix, CO2, NADH, Krebs Cycle, Glycolysis, Cytoplasm, ATP, Glucose, inner membrane and FADH2. ...
... Label the following picture. Use the following terms: ETC (electron transport chain), pyruvate, mitochondrial matrix, CO2, NADH, Krebs Cycle, Glycolysis, Cytoplasm, ATP, Glucose, inner membrane and FADH2. ...
Lac operon
lac operon (lactose operon) is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in Escherichia coli and many other enteric bacteria. Although glucose is the preferred carbon source for most bacteria, the lac operon allows for the effective digestion of lactose when glucose is not available. Gene regulation of the lac operon was the first genetic regulatory mechanism to be understood clearly, so it has become a foremost example of prokaryotic gene regulation. It is often discussed in introductory molecular and cellular biology classes at universities for this reason.Bacterial operons are polycistronic transcripts that are able to produce multiple proteins from one mRNA transcript. In this case, when lactose is required as a sugar source for the bacterium, the three genes of the lac operon can be expressed and their subsequent proteins translated: lacZ, lacY, and lacA. The gene product of lacZ is β-galactosidase which cleaves lactose, a disaccharide, into glucose and galactose. LacY encodes lactose permease, a protein which becomes embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane to enable transport of lactose into the cell. Finally, lacA encodes galactoside O-acetyltransferase. Layout of the lac operon.It would be wasteful to produce the enzymes when there is no lactose available or if there is a more preferable energy source available, such as glucose. The lac operon uses a two-part control mechanism to ensure that the cell expends energy producing the enzymes encoded by the lac operon only when necessary. In the absence of lactose, the lac repressor halts production of the enzymes encoded by the lac operon. In the presence of glucose, the catabolite activator protein (CAP), required for production of the enzymes, remains inactive, and EIIAGlc shuts down lactose permease to prevent transport of lactose into the cell. This dual control mechanism causes the sequential utilization of glucose and lactose in two distinct growth phases, known as diauxie.