Regulation of Glucose metabolism
... • Affects adipose tissue and causes a reduction in plasma fatty acids A decrease in triglyceride degradation (inhibits hormone sensitive lipase) An increase in triglyceride synthesis by: Increased glucose uptake which is converted into glycerol 3 phosphate Activation of lipoprotein lipase wh ...
... • Affects adipose tissue and causes a reduction in plasma fatty acids A decrease in triglyceride degradation (inhibits hormone sensitive lipase) An increase in triglyceride synthesis by: Increased glucose uptake which is converted into glycerol 3 phosphate Activation of lipoprotein lipase wh ...
Metabolism
... The Cori cycle • Is the flow of lactate and glucose between the muscles and the liver. • Occurs when anaerobic conditions occur in active muscle and glycolysis produces lactate. • Operates when lactate moves through the blood stream to the liver, where it is oxidized back to pyruvate. • Converts pyr ...
... The Cori cycle • Is the flow of lactate and glucose between the muscles and the liver. • Occurs when anaerobic conditions occur in active muscle and glycolysis produces lactate. • Operates when lactate moves through the blood stream to the liver, where it is oxidized back to pyruvate. • Converts pyr ...
FEMS Microbiology Letters
... E. coli auxotroph lacking cysteine synthase loci could be complemented with A. brasilense Sp7 cysK. The 3.0-kb HindIII-EcoRI fragment bearing cysK contained two additional ORFs encoding a putative transcriptional regulator and dUTPase. Insertional disruption of the cysK gene did not produce a cystei ...
... E. coli auxotroph lacking cysteine synthase loci could be complemented with A. brasilense Sp7 cysK. The 3.0-kb HindIII-EcoRI fragment bearing cysK contained two additional ORFs encoding a putative transcriptional regulator and dUTPase. Insertional disruption of the cysK gene did not produce a cystei ...
in Power-Point Format
... close up behind it • Strain introduced into template DNA is relaxed by topoisomerases ...
... close up behind it • Strain introduced into template DNA is relaxed by topoisomerases ...
Lecture 12-14 (Parker) - Department of Chemistry ::: CALTECH
... Energy charge determines whether glycolysis of gluconeogenesis will be most active The most important regulatory site is the interconversion of fructose 6-phosphate and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate When energy is needed the concentration of AMP will be relatively high. AMP stimulates phosphofructokina ...
... Energy charge determines whether glycolysis of gluconeogenesis will be most active The most important regulatory site is the interconversion of fructose 6-phosphate and fructose 1,6-bisphosphate When energy is needed the concentration of AMP will be relatively high. AMP stimulates phosphofructokina ...
GLUCOSE METABOLISM - SumDU Repository: страница
... 3. a 2-hour postload plasma glucose concentration ≥ 200 mg/dL (≥11.1 mmol/L) during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. ...
... 3. a 2-hour postload plasma glucose concentration ≥ 200 mg/dL (≥11.1 mmol/L) during a 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism - BITS Academic Resource Center
... The main point: NADH and FADH2 carry H+ ions to the electrontransport chain, resulting in production of ATP To do this, the H+ ions are moved along the transport chain, eventually accumulating in the outer mitochondrial compartment The H+ ions move back into the inner mitochondrial compartment ...
... The main point: NADH and FADH2 carry H+ ions to the electrontransport chain, resulting in production of ATP To do this, the H+ ions are moved along the transport chain, eventually accumulating in the outer mitochondrial compartment The H+ ions move back into the inner mitochondrial compartment ...
C nuclear magnetic resonance studies of anaerobic
... Embden-Meyerhof scheme, first proposed by Grant and Fulton (1$). Under anaerobic conditions however, when equimolar quantities of pyruvate and glycerol are produced (12,14), reservations have been expressed as to the validity of this pathway (15,16). Aerobically, pyruvate is considered to be the exc ...
... Embden-Meyerhof scheme, first proposed by Grant and Fulton (1$). Under anaerobic conditions however, when equimolar quantities of pyruvate and glycerol are produced (12,14), reservations have been expressed as to the validity of this pathway (15,16). Aerobically, pyruvate is considered to be the exc ...
Carbohydrate metabolism
... •Facilitative diffusion by Na+-independent glucose transporter system (GLUT5). There are mobile carrier proteins responsible for transport of fructose, glucose, and galactose with their conc. gradient. •Active transport by sodium-dependent glucose transporter system (SGLUT1). In the intestinal cell ...
... •Facilitative diffusion by Na+-independent glucose transporter system (GLUT5). There are mobile carrier proteins responsible for transport of fructose, glucose, and galactose with their conc. gradient. •Active transport by sodium-dependent glucose transporter system (SGLUT1). In the intestinal cell ...
Function of lanI in regulation of landomycin A biosynthesis in
... To determine the bactericidal activity of secondary metabolites produced by the studied streptomycetes strains E. coli W3110 and Sarcina Xava were used as a test cultures. Equal amounts of dry extracts from S. cyanogenus S136, S. cyanogenus lanI7 pSET152+ and S. cyanogenus lanI7 pSladI+ were disso ...
... To determine the bactericidal activity of secondary metabolites produced by the studied streptomycetes strains E. coli W3110 and Sarcina Xava were used as a test cultures. Equal amounts of dry extracts from S. cyanogenus S136, S. cyanogenus lanI7 pSET152+ and S. cyanogenus lanI7 pSladI+ were disso ...
Document
... GLUT4 to translocate from the cytosol to the membrane. Note that insulin still binds to the insulin receptor on all the other cells—they all have changes in glycolytic enzymes, etc.—they just don’t have the right type of GLUT to translocate in response to insulin. Also note that insulin does not ent ...
... GLUT4 to translocate from the cytosol to the membrane. Note that insulin still binds to the insulin receptor on all the other cells—they all have changes in glycolytic enzymes, etc.—they just don’t have the right type of GLUT to translocate in response to insulin. Also note that insulin does not ent ...
Chapter 14b
... 4. Acetyl-CoA is a powerful allosteric activator of pyruvate carboxylase since Acetyl-CoA requires oxaloacetate to continue the citric acid cycle pathway. 5. Gluconeogenesis only occurs when the citric acid cycle is inhibited by excess of ATP and/or NADH. 6. PEP in mitochondrion is transported throu ...
... 4. Acetyl-CoA is a powerful allosteric activator of pyruvate carboxylase since Acetyl-CoA requires oxaloacetate to continue the citric acid cycle pathway. 5. Gluconeogenesis only occurs when the citric acid cycle is inhibited by excess of ATP and/or NADH. 6. PEP in mitochondrion is transported throu ...
The Roles of Amino Acids in Milk Yield and Components
... a goal that holds much greater potential for improving production and predictions than determining the pattern of limiting AA. To that end, there is limited, yet intriguing, information on what comprises the AA requirements for producing ruminants. In recent years, we have come to realize the signif ...
... a goal that holds much greater potential for improving production and predictions than determining the pattern of limiting AA. To that end, there is limited, yet intriguing, information on what comprises the AA requirements for producing ruminants. In recent years, we have come to realize the signif ...
Characterization of the Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) Biosynthetic Genes
... propionaldehyde. Propanediol cannot be fermented or oxidized anaerobically by Salmonella spp. Since propionaldehyde can be oxidized only under aerobic growth conditions (56, 75, 104), Salmonella spp. require an exogenous corrinoid to use propanediol as a carbon and energy source. (iv) Queuosine synt ...
... propionaldehyde. Propanediol cannot be fermented or oxidized anaerobically by Salmonella spp. Since propionaldehyde can be oxidized only under aerobic growth conditions (56, 75, 104), Salmonella spp. require an exogenous corrinoid to use propanediol as a carbon and energy source. (iv) Queuosine synt ...
Core promoter
... MicroRNAs are a family of small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression in a sequence-specific manner. The two founding members of the microRNA family were originally identified in C. elegans as genes that were required for the timed regulation of developmental events. Since then, hundred ...
... MicroRNAs are a family of small, non-coding RNAs that regulate gene expression in a sequence-specific manner. The two founding members of the microRNA family were originally identified in C. elegans as genes that were required for the timed regulation of developmental events. Since then, hundred ...
Hemoglobin Lecture 2
... •[BPG] = 0, Hb P50 = 1 torr •[BPG] = 4000mM, Hb P50 = 26 torr •Without BPG, Hb couldn’t unload O2 in cells ...
... •[BPG] = 0, Hb P50 = 1 torr •[BPG] = 4000mM, Hb P50 = 26 torr •Without BPG, Hb couldn’t unload O2 in cells ...
Cellular Respiration Harvesting Chemical Energy
... Today I will… 1. Describe the process of glycolysis. 2. State the reactants and products of glycolysis. ...
... Today I will… 1. Describe the process of glycolysis. 2. State the reactants and products of glycolysis. ...
the Acetyl-Coenzyme A
... an unusual context for a translational start site, while the next ATG. 24 codons downstream. is in a more conventional context. Possible implications of two alternative translational start sites for the cellular localization o r the enzyme are discussed. A stable mutant of this gene. obtained by the ...
... an unusual context for a translational start site, while the next ATG. 24 codons downstream. is in a more conventional context. Possible implications of two alternative translational start sites for the cellular localization o r the enzyme are discussed. A stable mutant of this gene. obtained by the ...
Principles of BIOCHEMISTRY - Illinois State University
... • Insulin increases the rate of glucose transport into muscle and adipose tissue via the glucose transporter (GLUT 4) • Glucagon is secreted by the a cells of the pancreas in response to low blood glucose • Glucagon stimulates glycogen degradation to restore blood glucose to steady-state levels • Ep ...
... • Insulin increases the rate of glucose transport into muscle and adipose tissue via the glucose transporter (GLUT 4) • Glucagon is secreted by the a cells of the pancreas in response to low blood glucose • Glucagon stimulates glycogen degradation to restore blood glucose to steady-state levels • Ep ...
42 Metabolic engineering of lactic acid bacteria for the improvement
... are, however, present but are not transcribed. This is caused by isolated mutations in the gal promoter region [9]. Galactose-fermenting mutants have been isolated and can be constructed by repair of the promoter mutations. Using these strains, the manufacture of yoghurt without galactose has become ...
... are, however, present but are not transcribed. This is caused by isolated mutations in the gal promoter region [9]. Galactose-fermenting mutants have been isolated and can be constructed by repair of the promoter mutations. Using these strains, the manufacture of yoghurt without galactose has become ...
Handout 2 - CHO chemistry
... 1. All monosaccharides are aldehydes or ketones with multiple hydroxyl groups (i.e., alcohol groups). 2. Smallest is D-glyceraldehyde (as in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in glycolysis). 3. Nutritionally most important is D-glucose. 4. L-forms are mirror images. ...
... 1. All monosaccharides are aldehydes or ketones with multiple hydroxyl groups (i.e., alcohol groups). 2. Smallest is D-glyceraldehyde (as in glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate in glycolysis). 3. Nutritionally most important is D-glucose. 4. L-forms are mirror images. ...
glucose
... from vitamin B2, riboflavin), and coenzyme A (derived from pantothenic acid) and NAD (from niacin). Intermediates of the TCA cycle are used for many biosynthetic reactions and are replaced by anaplerotic (refilling) reactions within the cell. The cycle is carefully regulated within the mitochondria ...
... from vitamin B2, riboflavin), and coenzyme A (derived from pantothenic acid) and NAD (from niacin). Intermediates of the TCA cycle are used for many biosynthetic reactions and are replaced by anaplerotic (refilling) reactions within the cell. The cycle is carefully regulated within the mitochondria ...
PhoB by Phosphate Stress and Controlled by
... Through a complex set of biochemical communications, bacteria in the family Rhizobiaceae interact with specific legume hosts to produce root structures known as nodules. Numerous bacterial genes are involved in nodule formation and function. Two of the better-studied examples include the nodulation ...
... Through a complex set of biochemical communications, bacteria in the family Rhizobiaceae interact with specific legume hosts to produce root structures known as nodules. Numerous bacterial genes are involved in nodule formation and function. Two of the better-studied examples include the nodulation ...
metabolomic and computational systems analysis
... Hypoxia is the cause of cell death in many pathologies, mechanism not known All cells have intrinsic defenses Hypoxia tolerant organisms have highly orchestrated metabolic regulation Metabolic response is immediate and global Drosophila is hypoxia tolerant model ...
... Hypoxia is the cause of cell death in many pathologies, mechanism not known All cells have intrinsic defenses Hypoxia tolerant organisms have highly orchestrated metabolic regulation Metabolic response is immediate and global Drosophila is hypoxia tolerant model ...
Lac operon
lac operon (lactose operon) is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in Escherichia coli and many other enteric bacteria. Although glucose is the preferred carbon source for most bacteria, the lac operon allows for the effective digestion of lactose when glucose is not available. Gene regulation of the lac operon was the first genetic regulatory mechanism to be understood clearly, so it has become a foremost example of prokaryotic gene regulation. It is often discussed in introductory molecular and cellular biology classes at universities for this reason.Bacterial operons are polycistronic transcripts that are able to produce multiple proteins from one mRNA transcript. In this case, when lactose is required as a sugar source for the bacterium, the three genes of the lac operon can be expressed and their subsequent proteins translated: lacZ, lacY, and lacA. The gene product of lacZ is β-galactosidase which cleaves lactose, a disaccharide, into glucose and galactose. LacY encodes lactose permease, a protein which becomes embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane to enable transport of lactose into the cell. Finally, lacA encodes galactoside O-acetyltransferase. Layout of the lac operon.It would be wasteful to produce the enzymes when there is no lactose available or if there is a more preferable energy source available, such as glucose. The lac operon uses a two-part control mechanism to ensure that the cell expends energy producing the enzymes encoded by the lac operon only when necessary. In the absence of lactose, the lac repressor halts production of the enzymes encoded by the lac operon. In the presence of glucose, the catabolite activator protein (CAP), required for production of the enzymes, remains inactive, and EIIAGlc shuts down lactose permease to prevent transport of lactose into the cell. This dual control mechanism causes the sequential utilization of glucose and lactose in two distinct growth phases, known as diauxie.