• Sources of glucose • Phases of glucose homeostasis • Hormones
... Mechanism of acCon of insulin The insulin receptor is present on the plasma membrane of cell Composed of: α-subunit (extracellular) β-subunit (cytoplasmic) Binding of insulin to α-subunit causes phosphorylation of β-subunit => This activates the receptor => The activated receptor th ...
... Mechanism of acCon of insulin The insulin receptor is present on the plasma membrane of cell Composed of: α-subunit (extracellular) β-subunit (cytoplasmic) Binding of insulin to α-subunit causes phosphorylation of β-subunit => This activates the receptor => The activated receptor th ...
Unit 9 - Central New Mexico Community College
... Enterobacteriaceae and Carbohydrate Fermentation The Enterobacteriaceae, or enterics for short, are a group of bacteria that can live in the intestines. These bacteria, generally referred to as coliforms, are often normal flora in the intestines and are generally Gram(-), rod shaped and capable of f ...
... Enterobacteriaceae and Carbohydrate Fermentation The Enterobacteriaceae, or enterics for short, are a group of bacteria that can live in the intestines. These bacteria, generally referred to as coliforms, are often normal flora in the intestines and are generally Gram(-), rod shaped and capable of f ...
Lh6Ch14aGlycolPPP
... But, is that all…what about REALITY? EOC Problem 10: A look at modifying Glycolysis, could it work? ...
... But, is that all…what about REALITY? EOC Problem 10: A look at modifying Glycolysis, could it work? ...
Characterization of the ves Gene, Which is Expressed at a Low
... fraction but not in the supernatant fraction separated by low-speed centrifugation following cell disruption by sonication, and this finding is contrary to the hydropathy prediction that Ves is a typical soluble protein (data not shown). Therefore, Ves protein in this sample may form an inclusion bo ...
... fraction but not in the supernatant fraction separated by low-speed centrifugation following cell disruption by sonication, and this finding is contrary to the hydropathy prediction that Ves is a typical soluble protein (data not shown). Therefore, Ves protein in this sample may form an inclusion bo ...
Gene regulation in physiological stress
... environmental stress, growth and developmental timetables, and nutrient availability. Global activation of transcription has been extensively studied whereas global repression is less well understood [6] but is an area of active interest in my lab due to the obvious need to suppress this energy-expe ...
... environmental stress, growth and developmental timetables, and nutrient availability. Global activation of transcription has been extensively studied whereas global repression is less well understood [6] but is an area of active interest in my lab due to the obvious need to suppress this energy-expe ...
Attenuation regulation of amino acid biosynthetic operons in
... ribosome translates the leader peptide, it prevents formation of the antiterminator structure, thereby promoting formation of the terminator (3:4), which causes premature termination of transcription (Fig. 1C). Thus, the ribosome plays the role of a mediator, sensing the concentration of charged tRN ...
... ribosome translates the leader peptide, it prevents formation of the antiterminator structure, thereby promoting formation of the terminator (3:4), which causes premature termination of transcription (Fig. 1C). Thus, the ribosome plays the role of a mediator, sensing the concentration of charged tRN ...
Chem 100 Unit 5 Biochemistry
... Function of the monosaccharides glucose, galactose, and fructose. 1. Fructose Found in fruits and honey Sweeter than sucrose or glucose and other carbohydrates Converted to glucose in the liver 2. Galactose Obtained from the disaccharide lactose found in milk Found on surfaces of cell membranes 3. G ...
... Function of the monosaccharides glucose, galactose, and fructose. 1. Fructose Found in fruits and honey Sweeter than sucrose or glucose and other carbohydrates Converted to glucose in the liver 2. Galactose Obtained from the disaccharide lactose found in milk Found on surfaces of cell membranes 3. G ...
Theory_2004
... One gram of fat releases over twice as much energy than the same amount of glycogen The total mass of fat in the human body is about 1000-fold higher than that the total mass of body glycogen If all our energy was stored as glycogen, we would weigh at least 40 kg more than we do now Fat, but not gly ...
... One gram of fat releases over twice as much energy than the same amount of glycogen The total mass of fat in the human body is about 1000-fold higher than that the total mass of body glycogen If all our energy was stored as glycogen, we would weigh at least 40 kg more than we do now Fat, but not gly ...
U4L24 Carbo Disposal
... – Transfers a segment from one chain to another – Limit to the size of glycogen molecule • Branches become too crowded, even if they become progressively shorter • Glycogen synthase may need to interact with glycogenin to be fully active ...
... – Transfers a segment from one chain to another – Limit to the size of glycogen molecule • Branches become too crowded, even if they become progressively shorter • Glycogen synthase may need to interact with glycogenin to be fully active ...
Quorum sensing by peptide pheromones and two-component
... and produce a number of proteins that can bind and take up DNA independently of its nucleotide sequence (Dubnau, 1991). Production of this DNA-uptake machinery depends on the so-called ‘competence transcription factor’ ComK, which is subject to autoregulation. The transcription-enhancing activity of ...
... and produce a number of proteins that can bind and take up DNA independently of its nucleotide sequence (Dubnau, 1991). Production of this DNA-uptake machinery depends on the so-called ‘competence transcription factor’ ComK, which is subject to autoregulation. The transcription-enhancing activity of ...
1 2 Resp iratio n : Gly co lysis: TC A -cy cle
... bacterial species other sugars can be transported by the PTS-system. The PTS-system is abundant in anaerobic as well as facultative bacteria. Strictly aerobic bacteria use predominantly hexokinase for phosphorylation of hexoses in combination with other types of transport systems (e.g. symports or a ...
... bacterial species other sugars can be transported by the PTS-system. The PTS-system is abundant in anaerobic as well as facultative bacteria. Strictly aerobic bacteria use predominantly hexokinase for phosphorylation of hexoses in combination with other types of transport systems (e.g. symports or a ...
The Genome of Deep-Sea Vent Chemolithoautotroph
... phosphate transporters, as well as a phosphonate operon, which provide this species with a variety of options for acquiring these substrates from the environment. Thiom. crunogena XCL-2 is unusual among obligate sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in relying on the Sox system for the oxidation of reduced sulf ...
... phosphate transporters, as well as a phosphonate operon, which provide this species with a variety of options for acquiring these substrates from the environment. Thiom. crunogena XCL-2 is unusual among obligate sulfur-oxidizing bacteria in relying on the Sox system for the oxidation of reduced sulf ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
... Metabolism: is the entire network of chemical reactions carried out by living cells. It is also refer to the intermediate steps within the cells in which the nutrient molecules or foodstuffs are metabolized and converted into cellular components catalysed by enzymes. The fate of dietary components a ...
... Metabolism: is the entire network of chemical reactions carried out by living cells. It is also refer to the intermediate steps within the cells in which the nutrient molecules or foodstuffs are metabolized and converted into cellular components catalysed by enzymes. The fate of dietary components a ...
Lesson 3.Carbohydrate Metabolism
... The whole purpose of a “turn” of the citric acid cycle is to produce two carbon dioxide molecules. This general oxidation reaction is accompanied by the loss of hydrogen and electrons at four specific places. These oxidations are connected to the electron transport chain where many ATP are produced. ...
... The whole purpose of a “turn” of the citric acid cycle is to produce two carbon dioxide molecules. This general oxidation reaction is accompanied by the loss of hydrogen and electrons at four specific places. These oxidations are connected to the electron transport chain where many ATP are produced. ...
glucose
... These amino acids donate their amino groups to pyruvate, the product of glycolysis, ti yield alanine, which is transported to the liver and deaminated. The resulting pyruvate is converted by hepatocytes into BLOOD GLUCOSE, and the ammonia is converted into urea for excretion. ...
... These amino acids donate their amino groups to pyruvate, the product of glycolysis, ti yield alanine, which is transported to the liver and deaminated. The resulting pyruvate is converted by hepatocytes into BLOOD GLUCOSE, and the ammonia is converted into urea for excretion. ...
Ch 19 - Chemistry Courses: About
... • Looks allosteric, but this is monomeric enzyme • May be due to conformational change upon product release— stays in active state at high concentration of glucose ...
... • Looks allosteric, but this is monomeric enzyme • May be due to conformational change upon product release— stays in active state at high concentration of glucose ...
1 Irreversible Enzyme Inhibition Affinity labels for studying enzyme
... • DFP reacts with the active site serine (Ser-195) of chymotrypsin to form DFP-chymotrypsin • Such organophosphorous inhibitors are used as insecticides or for enzyme research • These inhibitors are toxic because they inhibit acetylcholinesterase (a serine protease that hydrolyzes the neurotransmitt ...
... • DFP reacts with the active site serine (Ser-195) of chymotrypsin to form DFP-chymotrypsin • Such organophosphorous inhibitors are used as insecticides or for enzyme research • These inhibitors are toxic because they inhibit acetylcholinesterase (a serine protease that hydrolyzes the neurotransmitt ...
Chapter 7 Carbohydrates: Nomenclature Monosaccharides
... Free amino sugars are very toxic, and so the amine group is usually acetylated with an acetyl (CH3 CO-) group, though sometimes one finds a glycolyl (HOCH2 CO-) group instead for sialic acid. A sugar glycoside is no longer in equilibrium with the open chain aldehyde or ketone form of the sugar, and ...
... Free amino sugars are very toxic, and so the amine group is usually acetylated with an acetyl (CH3 CO-) group, though sometimes one finds a glycolyl (HOCH2 CO-) group instead for sialic acid. A sugar glycoside is no longer in equilibrium with the open chain aldehyde or ketone form of the sugar, and ...
Whey Protein Concentrate
... wisely? Casein is digested slowly and releases amino acids into the blood gradually, with levels elevated even three hours later. Researchers found that casein did not effect protein synthesis much (anabolism, as in muscle building), but dramatically decreased protein breakdown (catabolism, as in mu ...
... wisely? Casein is digested slowly and releases amino acids into the blood gradually, with levels elevated even three hours later. Researchers found that casein did not effect protein synthesis much (anabolism, as in muscle building), but dramatically decreased protein breakdown (catabolism, as in mu ...
Carbohydrate Metabolism
... which is used for glycogen formation. • The uronic acid pathway provides a mechanism by which dietary D-xylulose can enter the central metabolic pathway. ...
... which is used for glycogen formation. • The uronic acid pathway provides a mechanism by which dietary D-xylulose can enter the central metabolic pathway. ...
red algae
... •Pectin is a thickener in many products. If there is sufficient sugar in the mixture, pectin forms a firm gel. •Jams and jellies are thickened with pectin. Pectin binds water, and thus keeps products from drying out. It stabilizes emulsions. •Pectin combines with the calcium and whey proteins of mil ...
... •Pectin is a thickener in many products. If there is sufficient sugar in the mixture, pectin forms a firm gel. •Jams and jellies are thickened with pectin. Pectin binds water, and thus keeps products from drying out. It stabilizes emulsions. •Pectin combines with the calcium and whey proteins of mil ...
Detailed Supporting Information
... flux. Tissue culture medium was first treated with 6% perchloric acid and the supernatant was passed through a 3 cm3 Dowex-50 (H+) column. Amino acids were eluted with 15 ml 2N ammonium hydroxide. To further separate glutamate from glutamine, the amino acid mixture was passed through a 3 cm3 Dowex-1 ...
... flux. Tissue culture medium was first treated with 6% perchloric acid and the supernatant was passed through a 3 cm3 Dowex-50 (H+) column. Amino acids were eluted with 15 ml 2N ammonium hydroxide. To further separate glutamate from glutamine, the amino acid mixture was passed through a 3 cm3 Dowex-1 ...
File
... transported to the blood by the lymphatic system. This fed condition leads to the secretion of insulin, which is one of the two most important regulators of fuel metabolism, the other regulator being glucagon. ...
... transported to the blood by the lymphatic system. This fed condition leads to the secretion of insulin, which is one of the two most important regulators of fuel metabolism, the other regulator being glucagon. ...
Molecular analysis of an operon in Bacillus subtilis
... have been found to contain accessory membrane-bound proteins (Fath & Kolter, 1993). The components of a bacterial transporter are often separate proteins encoded by one multicistronic operon, but may also be different domains of a single polypeptide, which is the structural arrangement found in euka ...
... have been found to contain accessory membrane-bound proteins (Fath & Kolter, 1993). The components of a bacterial transporter are often separate proteins encoded by one multicistronic operon, but may also be different domains of a single polypeptide, which is the structural arrangement found in euka ...
Lac operon
lac operon (lactose operon) is an operon required for the transport and metabolism of lactose in Escherichia coli and many other enteric bacteria. Although glucose is the preferred carbon source for most bacteria, the lac operon allows for the effective digestion of lactose when glucose is not available. Gene regulation of the lac operon was the first genetic regulatory mechanism to be understood clearly, so it has become a foremost example of prokaryotic gene regulation. It is often discussed in introductory molecular and cellular biology classes at universities for this reason.Bacterial operons are polycistronic transcripts that are able to produce multiple proteins from one mRNA transcript. In this case, when lactose is required as a sugar source for the bacterium, the three genes of the lac operon can be expressed and their subsequent proteins translated: lacZ, lacY, and lacA. The gene product of lacZ is β-galactosidase which cleaves lactose, a disaccharide, into glucose and galactose. LacY encodes lactose permease, a protein which becomes embedded in the cytoplasmic membrane to enable transport of lactose into the cell. Finally, lacA encodes galactoside O-acetyltransferase. Layout of the lac operon.It would be wasteful to produce the enzymes when there is no lactose available or if there is a more preferable energy source available, such as glucose. The lac operon uses a two-part control mechanism to ensure that the cell expends energy producing the enzymes encoded by the lac operon only when necessary. In the absence of lactose, the lac repressor halts production of the enzymes encoded by the lac operon. In the presence of glucose, the catabolite activator protein (CAP), required for production of the enzymes, remains inactive, and EIIAGlc shuts down lactose permease to prevent transport of lactose into the cell. This dual control mechanism causes the sequential utilization of glucose and lactose in two distinct growth phases, known as diauxie.