Molecular identification of three Arabidopsis thaliana mitochondrial
... (dicarboxylate carriers) designated as DIC1, DIC2 and DIC3, each belonging to the mitochondrial carrier protein family. DIC1 and DIC2 are broadly expressed at comparable levels in all the tissues investigated. DIC1–DIC3 have been reported previously as uncoupling proteins, but direct transport assay ...
... (dicarboxylate carriers) designated as DIC1, DIC2 and DIC3, each belonging to the mitochondrial carrier protein family. DIC1 and DIC2 are broadly expressed at comparable levels in all the tissues investigated. DIC1–DIC3 have been reported previously as uncoupling proteins, but direct transport assay ...
Ch 9 Cellular respiration
... Fermentation generates ATP by substrate level phosphorylation as long as there is enough NAD+ (get enough because in anaerobic conditions,electrons are transferred from NADH to pyruvate) pyruvate is electron acceptor for oxidizing NADH back to NAD+ and can then be reused in glycolysis ...
... Fermentation generates ATP by substrate level phosphorylation as long as there is enough NAD+ (get enough because in anaerobic conditions,electrons are transferred from NADH to pyruvate) pyruvate is electron acceptor for oxidizing NADH back to NAD+ and can then be reused in glycolysis ...
7 energizing porters by proton-motive force
... Functional evolution of the primary proton pumps Analysis of homologous sequences and extrapolation to the past can provide a relatively reliable scenario for the evolution of some biological systems during the past one billion years. The onset of the primary pumps and the first porters took place o ...
... Functional evolution of the primary proton pumps Analysis of homologous sequences and extrapolation to the past can provide a relatively reliable scenario for the evolution of some biological systems during the past one billion years. The onset of the primary pumps and the first porters took place o ...
NIH Public Access
... cramps or pigmenturia, the patient may have a defect of glycogen metabolism [3]. Examples of this type of activity include weight lifting and sprinting. In the United States and other countries where baseball is popular, the “home run” (Haller) sign—that is, the inability to sprint around the bases ...
... cramps or pigmenturia, the patient may have a defect of glycogen metabolism [3]. Examples of this type of activity include weight lifting and sprinting. In the United States and other countries where baseball is popular, the “home run” (Haller) sign—that is, the inability to sprint around the bases ...
The electric field induced by light can explain cellular responses to
... could act in the reverse mode (when appropriate conditions were met), synthesizing ATP from ADP and Pi. This ATP synthesis was enhanced by both visible and NIR laser irradiation and also by a pulsed electric field (110 Hz, 0.11 mV/ cm). These effects were non-thermal, since the temperature of the samp ...
... could act in the reverse mode (when appropriate conditions were met), synthesizing ATP from ADP and Pi. This ATP synthesis was enhanced by both visible and NIR laser irradiation and also by a pulsed electric field (110 Hz, 0.11 mV/ cm). These effects were non-thermal, since the temperature of the samp ...
Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle, also called the Krebs cycle or
... Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle, also called the Krebs cycle or the citric acid cycle) It is the final pathway where the oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids converge, their carbon skeletons being converted to CO2 and H2O. This oxidation provides energy for the pro ...
... Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle, also called the Krebs cycle or the citric acid cycle) It is the final pathway where the oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids converge, their carbon skeletons being converted to CO2 and H2O. This oxidation provides energy for the pro ...
OGT Reivew3 - HensonsBiologyPage
... What process must be used to create ATP when oxygen is not available following glycolysis? 1. Fermentation 2. Aerobic respiration 3. Cellular respiration ...
... What process must be used to create ATP when oxygen is not available following glycolysis? 1. Fermentation 2. Aerobic respiration 3. Cellular respiration ...
Reactions of the citric acid cycle
... Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle, also called the Krebs cycle or the citric acid cycle) It is the final pathway where the oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids converge, their carbon skeletons being converted to CO2 and H2O. This oxidation provides energy for the pro ...
... Tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA cycle, also called the Krebs cycle or the citric acid cycle) It is the final pathway where the oxidative metabolism of carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids converge, their carbon skeletons being converted to CO2 and H2O. This oxidation provides energy for the pro ...
06_Lecture_Presentation - Cornerstone Charter Academy
... 6.10 Most ATP production occurs by oxidative phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation involves electron transport and chemiosmosis and requires an adequate supply of oxygen – NADH and FADH2 and the inner membrane of the mitochondria are also involved – A H+ ion gradient formed from all of the re ...
... 6.10 Most ATP production occurs by oxidative phosphorylation Oxidative phosphorylation involves electron transport and chemiosmosis and requires an adequate supply of oxygen – NADH and FADH2 and the inner membrane of the mitochondria are also involved – A H+ ion gradient formed from all of the re ...
Metabolic pathways
... • Lack enzymes to perform the TCA cycle. Often use lactose as the input sugar (found in milk) ...
... • Lack enzymes to perform the TCA cycle. Often use lactose as the input sugar (found in milk) ...
Chapter 9 Modified
... • Ancient prokaryotes are thought to have used glycolysis long before there was oxygen in the atmosphere • Very little O2 was available in the atmosphere until about 2.7 billion years ago, so early prokaryotes likely used only glycolysis to generate ATP • Glycolysis is a very ancient process ...
... • Ancient prokaryotes are thought to have used glycolysis long before there was oxygen in the atmosphere • Very little O2 was available in the atmosphere until about 2.7 billion years ago, so early prokaryotes likely used only glycolysis to generate ATP • Glycolysis is a very ancient process ...
Ch t 19 apter 19 The Citric Acid Cycle
... macromolecules, are broken down to smaller molecules, such as sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids • Small molecules are processed further, and the end products of catabolism frequently enter the citric acid cycle, which plays a key role in metabolism ...
... macromolecules, are broken down to smaller molecules, such as sugars, fatty acids, and amino acids • Small molecules are processed further, and the end products of catabolism frequently enter the citric acid cycle, which plays a key role in metabolism ...
Bioenergetics
... mitochondria to accept H+ (and electrons) from NADH produced in glycolysis – In anaerobic pathways, O2 is not available ...
... mitochondria to accept H+ (and electrons) from NADH produced in glycolysis – In anaerobic pathways, O2 is not available ...
Biochemistry Key Answers
... enzyme defect and biochemical finding. 2. What is oxidative phosphorylation? Discuss the steps of the same and mention its significance. Write Short notes on: 1. Classify RNA and explain the functions. 2. Hyper uricemia. 3. Renal glycosuria. 4. Cardiac troponin. 5. Structure of cholesterol and its i ...
... enzyme defect and biochemical finding. 2. What is oxidative phosphorylation? Discuss the steps of the same and mention its significance. Write Short notes on: 1. Classify RNA and explain the functions. 2. Hyper uricemia. 3. Renal glycosuria. 4. Cardiac troponin. 5. Structure of cholesterol and its i ...
Score A_c5_17022012
... electron transport system. (i) What is the reduced co-enzyme? _______ [1m] (ii) What is the reaction involved in the production of ATP when the reduced co-enzyme in e(i) enters the electron transport system? _________________ [1m] ...
... electron transport system. (i) What is the reduced co-enzyme? _______ [1m] (ii) What is the reaction involved in the production of ATP when the reduced co-enzyme in e(i) enters the electron transport system? _________________ [1m] ...
Respiration and Metabolism
... _____________major component of cell membranes; Acts as surfactant ...
... _____________major component of cell membranes; Acts as surfactant ...
The Citric acid cycle
... Martius and Knoop showed that pyruvate and oxaloacetate could form citrate non-enzymatically by the addition of peroxide under basic conditions. Krebs showed that succinate is formed from fumarate, malate or oxaloacetate. This is interesting since it was shown that the other way worked as well!! Py ...
... Martius and Knoop showed that pyruvate and oxaloacetate could form citrate non-enzymatically by the addition of peroxide under basic conditions. Krebs showed that succinate is formed from fumarate, malate or oxaloacetate. This is interesting since it was shown that the other way worked as well!! Py ...
Lecture 3: Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Cells
... mitochondria. Where as larger molecules or proteins moves into the mitochondria through transporters involving signal peptides known as “mitochondrial targeting sequence”. Inner membrane is folded into membrane projections to form cristae. Cristae occupies major area of membrane surface and house ma ...
... mitochondria. Where as larger molecules or proteins moves into the mitochondria through transporters involving signal peptides known as “mitochondrial targeting sequence”. Inner membrane is folded into membrane projections to form cristae. Cristae occupies major area of membrane surface and house ma ...
Respiration in Plants
... PGAL is oxidised and with inorganic phosphate to get converted into BPGA. The conversion of BPGA to 3-phosphoglyceric acid (PGA), is also an energy yielding process; this energy is trapped by the formation of ATP. Another ATP is synthesized during the conversion of PEP to pyruvic acid. Pyruvic acid ...
... PGAL is oxidised and with inorganic phosphate to get converted into BPGA. The conversion of BPGA to 3-phosphoglyceric acid (PGA), is also an energy yielding process; this energy is trapped by the formation of ATP. Another ATP is synthesized during the conversion of PEP to pyruvic acid. Pyruvic acid ...
Cells, Mitosis-Meiosis, Photosynthesis
... respiration when oxygen is present, but when oxygen is in short supply, they use anaerobic respiration instead. Certain bacteria can only use anaerobic respiration. In fact, they may not be able to survive at all in the presence of oxygen. Fermentation An important way of making ATP without oxygen i ...
... respiration when oxygen is present, but when oxygen is in short supply, they use anaerobic respiration instead. Certain bacteria can only use anaerobic respiration. In fact, they may not be able to survive at all in the presence of oxygen. Fermentation An important way of making ATP without oxygen i ...
D-loop - BioMed Central
... Dermatophagoides farinae mitochondrial DNA displays a positive GC-skew (0.2314) and a negative AT-skew (-0.2531), i.e. the transcript of the major strand is relatively rich in nucleotides G and T, and correspondently poor in C and A (nucleotide frequencies as follows: T 0.447, C 0.110, A 0.267, G 0. ...
... Dermatophagoides farinae mitochondrial DNA displays a positive GC-skew (0.2314) and a negative AT-skew (-0.2531), i.e. the transcript of the major strand is relatively rich in nucleotides G and T, and correspondently poor in C and A (nucleotide frequencies as follows: T 0.447, C 0.110, A 0.267, G 0. ...
23. electron transport and oxidative phosphorylation
... substrates to oxygen with the simultaneous release of energy for the generation of ATP molecules. The importance of this final stage of respiration in the human body can be realized by the fact that a normal adult businessman with a 70 kg weight requires about 2,800 kcal of energy per day. This amou ...
... substrates to oxygen with the simultaneous release of energy for the generation of ATP molecules. The importance of this final stage of respiration in the human body can be realized by the fact that a normal adult businessman with a 70 kg weight requires about 2,800 kcal of energy per day. This amou ...
Chapter 9. Cellular Respiration STAGE 1: Glycolysis
... In the last step of glycolysis, where did the P come from to make ATP? ...
... In the last step of glycolysis, where did the P come from to make ATP? ...
BS3050 Physiology of Sport and Exercise
... events. The capacity of the muscles for such effort is about 95 – 120 kJ and the maximum power output is approx. 3 – 4 kW but this cannot be sustained for more than a minute or so. After this effort it can take 1 to 2 hrs to recover depending on the fitness of the individual. This source of energy d ...
... events. The capacity of the muscles for such effort is about 95 – 120 kJ and the maximum power output is approx. 3 – 4 kW but this cannot be sustained for more than a minute or so. After this effort it can take 1 to 2 hrs to recover depending on the fitness of the individual. This source of energy d ...
Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek μίτος, mitos, i.e. ""thread"", and χονδρίον, chondrion, i.e. ""granule"" or ""grain-like"".Mitochondria range from 0.5 to 1.0 μm in diameter. A considerable variation can be seen in the structure and size of this organelle. Unless specifically stained, they are not visible. These structures are described as ""the powerhouse of the cell"" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death, as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human diseases, including mitochondrial disorders, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. A recent University of California study including ten children diagnosed with severe autism suggests that autism may be correlated with mitochondrial defects as well.Several characteristics make mitochondria unique. The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism, tissue, and cell type. For instance, red blood cells have no mitochondria, whereas liver cells can have more than 2000. The organelle is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the cristae and matrix. Mitochondrial proteins vary depending on the tissue and the species. In humans, 615 distinct types of protein have been identified from cardiac mitochondria, whereas in rats, 940 proteins have been reported. The mitochondrial proteome is thought to be dynamically regulated. Although most of a cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, the mitochondrion has its own independent genome. Further, its DNA shows substantial similarity to bacterial genomes.