幻灯片 1
... the fatty acids from which they are derived but they make up for this deficiency by serving as “water-soluble lipids” that can be more readily transported in the blood plasma. During starvation, ketone bodies are produced in large amounts becoming substitutes for glucose as the principal fuel for br ...
... the fatty acids from which they are derived but they make up for this deficiency by serving as “water-soluble lipids” that can be more readily transported in the blood plasma. During starvation, ketone bodies are produced in large amounts becoming substitutes for glucose as the principal fuel for br ...
75. In yeast, if the electron transport system is shut down because of
... __ 79. The major products of the Krebs cycle includes a) ATP b) carbon dioxide c) electron carriers d) b and e only e) all of the above __ 80. Under normal aerobic conditions, which of the following increases in the human body? a) ATP b) CO2 c) Water d) a and b e) All of the above __ 81. The part of ...
... __ 79. The major products of the Krebs cycle includes a) ATP b) carbon dioxide c) electron carriers d) b and e only e) all of the above __ 80. Under normal aerobic conditions, which of the following increases in the human body? a) ATP b) CO2 c) Water d) a and b e) All of the above __ 81. The part of ...
Embryo metabolism: what does it really mean?
... after blastocyst formation there is a sharp increase in glycolytic ability. The Krebs cycle is the main source of energy throughout the preimplantation period. Large increases in oxygen consumption and uptake and incorporation of carbon occur at about the time of blastocyst formation. The embryo goe ...
... after blastocyst formation there is a sharp increase in glycolytic ability. The Krebs cycle is the main source of energy throughout the preimplantation period. Large increases in oxygen consumption and uptake and incorporation of carbon occur at about the time of blastocyst formation. The embryo goe ...
- Biological Sciences
... The mitochondrial genome of the platypus is 17,019 base pairs long and encodes 22 tRNAs, 13 proteins, and 2 rRNAs. As in other vertebrates, 12 of the proteins are encoded on the L-strand. In six of the ten cases where the stop codon TAA is used, the codons are inferred to be incomplete and are presu ...
... The mitochondrial genome of the platypus is 17,019 base pairs long and encodes 22 tRNAs, 13 proteins, and 2 rRNAs. As in other vertebrates, 12 of the proteins are encoded on the L-strand. In six of the ten cases where the stop codon TAA is used, the codons are inferred to be incomplete and are presu ...
Citric Acid Cycle
... heme groups with iron ions. Fe3+ + 1eFe2+ • Abbreviated as cyt a, cyt a3, cyt b, cyt c, and cyt c1. ...
... heme groups with iron ions. Fe3+ + 1eFe2+ • Abbreviated as cyt a, cyt a3, cyt b, cyt c, and cyt c1. ...
You Light Up My Life
... • What are the sources of electrons used to generate the 32 ATP in the final stage? – 4 ATP - generated using electrons released during glycolysis and carried by NADH – 28 ATP - generated using electrons formed during second-stage reactions and carried by NADH and FADH2 ...
... • What are the sources of electrons used to generate the 32 ATP in the final stage? – 4 ATP - generated using electrons released during glycolysis and carried by NADH – 28 ATP - generated using electrons formed during second-stage reactions and carried by NADH and FADH2 ...
Complex I - ISpatula
... among the biological important phosphorylated molecules. This intermediate position enable ATP to function efficiently as a carrier of phosphoryl groups. NO enzyme in cells that transfer P from high-P donor to low energy acceptor should first transfer first to ATP to form ADP ATP is continuously f ...
... among the biological important phosphorylated molecules. This intermediate position enable ATP to function efficiently as a carrier of phosphoryl groups. NO enzyme in cells that transfer P from high-P donor to low energy acceptor should first transfer first to ATP to form ADP ATP is continuously f ...
Unit F214/01 - Communication, homeostasis and energy
... Triazine herbicide acts on the weeds by binding to a specific protein associated with photosystem II, blocking the movement of electrons between electron carriers. Explain the effect that the herbicide binding to this protein will have on photosynthesis. ...
... Triazine herbicide acts on the weeds by binding to a specific protein associated with photosystem II, blocking the movement of electrons between electron carriers. Explain the effect that the herbicide binding to this protein will have on photosynthesis. ...
Complex IV
... the biological important phosphorylated molecules. This intermediate position enable ATP to function efficiently as a carrier of phosphoryl groups. NO enzyme in cells that transfer P from high-P donor to low energy acceptor should first transfer first to ATP to form ADP ATP is continuously formed ...
... the biological important phosphorylated molecules. This intermediate position enable ATP to function efficiently as a carrier of phosphoryl groups. NO enzyme in cells that transfer P from high-P donor to low energy acceptor should first transfer first to ATP to form ADP ATP is continuously formed ...
Citric Acid Cycle: Central Role in Catabolism Entry of Pyruvate into
... carbohydrates, fats and aminoacids into acetylCoA • In aerobic organisms, citric acid cycle makes up the final stage of catabolism when acetyl CoA is completely oxidized to CO2. • Also called Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. • It is a central integrative pathway that harvests chemical ...
... carbohydrates, fats and aminoacids into acetylCoA • In aerobic organisms, citric acid cycle makes up the final stage of catabolism when acetyl CoA is completely oxidized to CO2. • Also called Krebs cycle or tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. • It is a central integrative pathway that harvests chemical ...
Electron Transport, NADPH Turnover, and Metabolism of Reactive
... dehydrogenases on each side of the inner membrane: NDex on the outer surface and NDin on the inner surface. Because of their dependence on Ca2+, the two NDex may be active only when the plant cell is stressed. Complex I is the main enzyme oxidizing NADH under normal conditions and is also a major si ...
... dehydrogenases on each side of the inner membrane: NDex on the outer surface and NDin on the inner surface. Because of their dependence on Ca2+, the two NDex may be active only when the plant cell is stressed. Complex I is the main enzyme oxidizing NADH under normal conditions and is also a major si ...
Ch. 6 ppt
... • Electron transport releases the energy your cells need to make the most of their ATP. • The molecules of the electron transport chain are built into the inner membranes of mitochondria. – The chain functions as a chemical machine that uses energy released by the “fall” of electrons to pump hydroge ...
... • Electron transport releases the energy your cells need to make the most of their ATP. • The molecules of the electron transport chain are built into the inner membranes of mitochondria. – The chain functions as a chemical machine that uses energy released by the “fall” of electrons to pump hydroge ...
Chapter 14 Glycolysis Glucose 2 Pyruvate → → → 2 Lactate (sent to
... See Figure 14.29 in book for metabolic pathway. The primary functions of this pathway are: 1. To generate reducing equivalents, in the form of NADPH, for reductive biosynthesis reactions within cells (ex: fatty acid synthesis, steroid synthesis). 2. To provide the cell with ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) ...
... See Figure 14.29 in book for metabolic pathway. The primary functions of this pathway are: 1. To generate reducing equivalents, in the form of NADPH, for reductive biosynthesis reactions within cells (ex: fatty acid synthesis, steroid synthesis). 2. To provide the cell with ribose-5-phosphate (R5P) ...
Enzyme and metabolic pathway lecture 2
... 65. For each 18 C fatty acid chain: Shows the first steps to determine the amount of ATP produced. 1) If you have an 18 carbon fatty acid chain, it will produce 9 acetyl coA (remember, each acetyl coA contains 2 carbons, so you divide 18/2 = 9. The acetyl coA in a fatty acid are linked by 9-1 bonds ...
... 65. For each 18 C fatty acid chain: Shows the first steps to determine the amount of ATP produced. 1) If you have an 18 carbon fatty acid chain, it will produce 9 acetyl coA (remember, each acetyl coA contains 2 carbons, so you divide 18/2 = 9. The acetyl coA in a fatty acid are linked by 9-1 bonds ...
Structure of mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier in complex with
... ADP is imported into the matrix. The exchange is accomplished by a single protein, the ADP/ATP carrier. Here we have solved the bovine carrier structure at a resolution of 2.2 Å by X-ray crystallography in complex with an inhibitor, carboxyatractyloside. Six a-helices form a compact transmembrane d ...
... ADP is imported into the matrix. The exchange is accomplished by a single protein, the ADP/ATP carrier. Here we have solved the bovine carrier structure at a resolution of 2.2 Å by X-ray crystallography in complex with an inhibitor, carboxyatractyloside. Six a-helices form a compact transmembrane d ...
Chapter 9 – Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... The two atoms of the oxygen molecule share their electrons equally. When oxygen reacts with the hydrogen from methane to form water, the electrons of the covalent bonds are drawn closer to the oxygen. ...
... The two atoms of the oxygen molecule share their electrons equally. When oxygen reacts with the hydrogen from methane to form water, the electrons of the covalent bonds are drawn closer to the oxygen. ...
09_DetailLectOut_jkAR
... 1. A carboxyl group is removed as CO2. 2. The remaining two-carbon fragment is oxidized to form acetate. An enzyme transfers the pair of electrons to NAD+ to form NADH. 3. Acetate combines with coenzyme A to form the very reactive molecule acetyl CoA. ...
... 1. A carboxyl group is removed as CO2. 2. The remaining two-carbon fragment is oxidized to form acetate. An enzyme transfers the pair of electrons to NAD+ to form NADH. 3. Acetate combines with coenzyme A to form the very reactive molecule acetyl CoA. ...
chapter 9 cellular respiration: harvesting chemical
... Each oxygen atom also picks up a pair of hydrogen ions from the aqueous solution to form water. For every two electron carriers (four electrons), one O2 molecule is reduced to two molecules of water. The electrons carried by FADH2 have lower free energy and are added at a lower energy level than ...
... Each oxygen atom also picks up a pair of hydrogen ions from the aqueous solution to form water. For every two electron carriers (four electrons), one O2 molecule is reduced to two molecules of water. The electrons carried by FADH2 have lower free energy and are added at a lower energy level than ...
Cellular Respiration
... 1. Explain how ATP provides energy for life. 2. Define cellular respiration. 3. Explain the process of glycolysis. 4. Contrast the processes of fermentation in yeast and bacteria. 5. Describe the structure of the mitochondria and relate the structure to its function. 6. Explain why aerobic respirati ...
... 1. Explain how ATP provides energy for life. 2. Define cellular respiration. 3. Explain the process of glycolysis. 4. Contrast the processes of fermentation in yeast and bacteria. 5. Describe the structure of the mitochondria and relate the structure to its function. 6. Explain why aerobic respirati ...
Electron Transport Chain
... Takes electrons from NADH and FADH2 and uses them to produce ATP using the ATP synthase molecule. Requires oxygen. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor on the electron transport chain One glucose can produce a total of 36 ATP Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
... Takes electrons from NADH and FADH2 and uses them to produce ATP using the ATP synthase molecule. Requires oxygen. Oxygen is the final electron acceptor on the electron transport chain One glucose can produce a total of 36 ATP Copyright © 2009 Pearson Education, Inc. ...
IB-Respiration-2015
... the movement of electrons along the electron transport chain. + in the This high concentration of H intermembranal space sets up facilitated diffusion along the F1 complex (ATP synthase) The energy from this diffusion process allows ADP to gain a phosphate to form ATP. ...
... the movement of electrons along the electron transport chain. + in the This high concentration of H intermembranal space sets up facilitated diffusion along the F1 complex (ATP synthase) The energy from this diffusion process allows ADP to gain a phosphate to form ATP. ...
Part II: Multiple Choice Questions
... the following is a true statement about this process? A) Molecular oxygen is eventually oxidized by the electrons to form water. B) Electrons move from carriers that have more affinity for them to carriers that have less affinity for them. C) Electrons release large amounts of energy each time they ...
... the following is a true statement about this process? A) Molecular oxygen is eventually oxidized by the electrons to form water. B) Electrons move from carriers that have more affinity for them to carriers that have less affinity for them. C) Electrons release large amounts of energy each time they ...
APB Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration: Harvesting Chemical Energy
... Some ATP is also formed directly during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle by substrate-level phosphorylation, in which an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from an organic substrate molecule to ADP, forming ATP. ...
... Some ATP is also formed directly during glycolysis and the citric acid cycle by substrate-level phosphorylation, in which an enzyme transfers a phosphate group from an organic substrate molecule to ADP, forming ATP. ...
F214 Content checklist
... State that ATP provides the immediate source of energy for biological processes. Explain the importance of coenzymes in respiration, with reference to NAD and coenzyme A. State that glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm. Outline the process of glycolysis, beginning with the phosphorylation of gluc ...
... State that ATP provides the immediate source of energy for biological processes. Explain the importance of coenzymes in respiration, with reference to NAD and coenzyme A. State that glycolysis takes place in the cytoplasm. Outline the process of glycolysis, beginning with the phosphorylation of gluc ...
Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek μίτος, mitos, i.e. ""thread"", and χονδρίον, chondrion, i.e. ""granule"" or ""grain-like"".Mitochondria range from 0.5 to 1.0 μm in diameter. A considerable variation can be seen in the structure and size of this organelle. Unless specifically stained, they are not visible. These structures are described as ""the powerhouse of the cell"" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death, as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human diseases, including mitochondrial disorders, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. A recent University of California study including ten children diagnosed with severe autism suggests that autism may be correlated with mitochondrial defects as well.Several characteristics make mitochondria unique. The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism, tissue, and cell type. For instance, red blood cells have no mitochondria, whereas liver cells can have more than 2000. The organelle is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the cristae and matrix. Mitochondrial proteins vary depending on the tissue and the species. In humans, 615 distinct types of protein have been identified from cardiac mitochondria, whereas in rats, 940 proteins have been reported. The mitochondrial proteome is thought to be dynamically regulated. Although most of a cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, the mitochondrion has its own independent genome. Further, its DNA shows substantial similarity to bacterial genomes.