Fatty Acid Catabolism Caloric Value of Fats and Carbohydrates
... • Free fatty acids have detergent properties in solution. A protein, serum albumin, transports fatty acids in the blood. TG are transported on lipoproteins. • Lipoproteins are classified based on their density, which is determined by the lipid:protein ratio. • Chylomicrons (CM): Dietary lipids are p ...
... • Free fatty acids have detergent properties in solution. A protein, serum albumin, transports fatty acids in the blood. TG are transported on lipoproteins. • Lipoproteins are classified based on their density, which is determined by the lipid:protein ratio. • Chylomicrons (CM): Dietary lipids are p ...
09_Lectures_PPT
... • Glycolysis accepts a wide range of carbohydrates • Proteins must be digested to amino acids; amino groups can feed glycolysis or the citric acid cycle • Fats are digested to glycerol (used in glycolysis) and fatty acids (used in generating acetyl CoA) ...
... • Glycolysis accepts a wide range of carbohydrates • Proteins must be digested to amino acids; amino groups can feed glycolysis or the citric acid cycle • Fats are digested to glycerol (used in glycolysis) and fatty acids (used in generating acetyl CoA) ...
Ch - wlhs.wlwv.k12.or.us
... Regulation of Cellular Respiration via Feedback Mechanisms ● FEEDBACK INHIBITION is the most common mechanism for control ● If ATP concentration begins to drop, ● when there is plenty of ATP, ● Control of catabolism is based mainly on regulating the ...
... Regulation of Cellular Respiration via Feedback Mechanisms ● FEEDBACK INHIBITION is the most common mechanism for control ● If ATP concentration begins to drop, ● when there is plenty of ATP, ● Control of catabolism is based mainly on regulating the ...
ppt
... Regulation of a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase: • Product inhibited by NADH, succinyl CoA • May be inhibited by GTP • Like ICDH, responds to levels ADP, ETC activity Regulation of TCA cycle intermediates: • Ensures NADH made fast enough for ATP homeostasis • Keeps concentration of intermediates appropr ...
... Regulation of a-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase: • Product inhibited by NADH, succinyl CoA • May be inhibited by GTP • Like ICDH, responds to levels ADP, ETC activity Regulation of TCA cycle intermediates: • Ensures NADH made fast enough for ATP homeostasis • Keeps concentration of intermediates appropr ...
Ch. 20 Tricarboxylic acid cyle Student Learning Outcomes
... from fuel oxidation • Enyzmes are all located in mitochondrial • Acetyl CoA is substrate for TCA cycle: • Generates CO2, NADH, FAD(2H), GTP • e- from NADH, FAD(2H) to electron-transport chain. • Enzymes need many cofactors • Intermediates of TCA cycle are used for biosynthesis, replaced by anaplerot ...
... from fuel oxidation • Enyzmes are all located in mitochondrial • Acetyl CoA is substrate for TCA cycle: • Generates CO2, NADH, FAD(2H), GTP • e- from NADH, FAD(2H) to electron-transport chain. • Enzymes need many cofactors • Intermediates of TCA cycle are used for biosynthesis, replaced by anaplerot ...
Plasma membrane - HCC Learning Web
... In humans, each cell normally contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46. Twenty-two of these pairs, called autosomes, look the same in both males and females. The 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, differ between males and females. Females have two copies of the X chromosome, while males have ...
... In humans, each cell normally contains 23 pairs of chromosomes, for a total of 46. Twenty-two of these pairs, called autosomes, look the same in both males and females. The 23rd pair, the sex chromosomes, differ between males and females. Females have two copies of the X chromosome, while males have ...
1- Glycolysis
... precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically. ...
... precursors of certain amino acids as well as the reducing agent NADH that is used in numerous other biochemical reactions. Its central importance to many biochemical pathways suggests that it was one of the earliest established components of cellular metabolism and may have originated abiogenically. ...
Biochemistry Lecture 15
... – Inhib'n when ↑[acetyl-CoA] • Prod of further metab • Serves as feedback inhibitor • May be formed when fats catabolized, when glycolysis not needed ...
... – Inhib'n when ↑[acetyl-CoA] • Prod of further metab • Serves as feedback inhibitor • May be formed when fats catabolized, when glycolysis not needed ...
Krebs cycle - Groby Bio Page
... 6 Enzymes are specific (1); active site complementary to substrate (1); different steps have different substrates (1); different steps require different enzymes (1); different enzymes (may) require different coenzymes (1); only one step in cycle has enzyme which requires FAD coenzyme (1). ...
... 6 Enzymes are specific (1); active site complementary to substrate (1); different steps have different substrates (1); different steps require different enzymes (1); different enzymes (may) require different coenzymes (1); only one step in cycle has enzyme which requires FAD coenzyme (1). ...
respiration_how cell..
... carbon pyruvate is split into CO2 and the two carbon acetate. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
... carbon pyruvate is split into CO2 and the two carbon acetate. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. Publishing as Benjamin Cummings ...
Cellular Respiration chapt06
... The rushing protons provides the energy for ATP synthase to phosphorylate ADP to ATP Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
... The rushing protons provides the energy for ATP synthase to phosphorylate ADP to ATP Copyright © The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. Permission required for reproduction or display. ...
DISCLAIMER: This lecture outline is intended to help you take notes
... - energy from light - chemotrophic - energy from chemical oxidation - biochemical pathways - sequences of chemical reactions - perform particular function - catabolic - complex molecules ➞ simple molecules - convergent - oxidative - exergonic - anabolic - simple molecules ➞ complex molecules - diver ...
... - energy from light - chemotrophic - energy from chemical oxidation - biochemical pathways - sequences of chemical reactions - perform particular function - catabolic - complex molecules ➞ simple molecules - convergent - oxidative - exergonic - anabolic - simple molecules ➞ complex molecules - diver ...
Introduction to Metabolism
... Which of the following is not an intermediate of the citric acid cycle? A) Acetyl-CoA B) Citrate C) Oxaloacetate D) Succinyl-CoA E) α-Ketoglutarate In mammals, each of the following occurs during the citric acid cycle except: A) formation of α-ketoglutarate. B) generation of NADH and FADH2. C) metab ...
... Which of the following is not an intermediate of the citric acid cycle? A) Acetyl-CoA B) Citrate C) Oxaloacetate D) Succinyl-CoA E) α-Ketoglutarate In mammals, each of the following occurs during the citric acid cycle except: A) formation of α-ketoglutarate. B) generation of NADH and FADH2. C) metab ...
refresher corner - Heart and Metabolism
... disturbances in ionic homeostasis. As glycolysis only provides a small fraction of ATP compared with that provided by the oxidation of carbohydrates and fatty acids, its ability to maintain ionic homeostasis during ischemia is finite. Mitochondrial ATP production during ischemia decreases in propo ...
... disturbances in ionic homeostasis. As glycolysis only provides a small fraction of ATP compared with that provided by the oxidation of carbohydrates and fatty acids, its ability to maintain ionic homeostasis during ischemia is finite. Mitochondrial ATP production during ischemia decreases in propo ...
What are Membranes?
... Ankyrin is anchored in the membrane by a covalently bound palmitoyl side chain (see Figure 11-14). Spectrin, a long, filamentous protein, is cross-linked at junctional complexes containing actin. A network of cross-linked spectrin molecules attached to the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane sta ...
... Ankyrin is anchored in the membrane by a covalently bound palmitoyl side chain (see Figure 11-14). Spectrin, a long, filamentous protein, is cross-linked at junctional complexes containing actin. A network of cross-linked spectrin molecules attached to the cytoplasmic face of the plasma membrane sta ...
Chapter 9
... • Glycolysis accepts a wide range of carbohydrates • Proteins must be digested to amino acids; amino groups can feed glycolysis or the citric acid cycle • Fats are digested to glycerol (used in glycolysis) and fatty acids (used in generating acetyl CoA) ...
... • Glycolysis accepts a wide range of carbohydrates • Proteins must be digested to amino acids; amino groups can feed glycolysis or the citric acid cycle • Fats are digested to glycerol (used in glycolysis) and fatty acids (used in generating acetyl CoA) ...
video slide - Somers Public Schools
... • Glycolysis accepts a wide range of carbohydrates • Proteins must be digested to amino acids; amino groups can feed glycolysis or the citric acid cycle • Fats are digested to glycerol (used in glycolysis) and fatty acids (used in generating acetyl CoA) ...
... • Glycolysis accepts a wide range of carbohydrates • Proteins must be digested to amino acids; amino groups can feed glycolysis or the citric acid cycle • Fats are digested to glycerol (used in glycolysis) and fatty acids (used in generating acetyl CoA) ...
Mitochondrial F1Fo-ATP synthase translocates to cell surface in
... types of normal cells, such as endothelial cells, hepatocytes, and adipocytes [2]. Ectopic ATP synthase always localizes on the lipid rafts or caveolae of the cytoplasmic membrane [3–5]. The mechanisms responsible for the protein transport have not been established. Wang et al. [6] found that choles ...
... types of normal cells, such as endothelial cells, hepatocytes, and adipocytes [2]. Ectopic ATP synthase always localizes on the lipid rafts or caveolae of the cytoplasmic membrane [3–5]. The mechanisms responsible for the protein transport have not been established. Wang et al. [6] found that choles ...
Chapter 9 - Slothnet
... • Electrons flow back across the membrane through a channel protein, ATP synthase, which couples the diffusion with ATP synthesis. ...
... • Electrons flow back across the membrane through a channel protein, ATP synthase, which couples the diffusion with ATP synthesis. ...
Dehydrogenase Complexes of Corn (Zea mays L.) and Soybean
... dehydrogenase complex. The inhibition of the dihydroxylipoamide dehydrogenase activity from both corn and soybean mitochondria by 1.0 mm haloxyfop was less than 2%, although the enzyme activity of dihydroxylipoamide dehydrogenase was about 15 times greater than the PDC activity per unit protein cont ...
... dehydrogenase complex. The inhibition of the dihydroxylipoamide dehydrogenase activity from both corn and soybean mitochondria by 1.0 mm haloxyfop was less than 2%, although the enzyme activity of dihydroxylipoamide dehydrogenase was about 15 times greater than the PDC activity per unit protein cont ...
The pivotal roles of mitochondria in cancer: Warburg and beyond
... may synthesize (under normoxia) approximately 32 ATP molecules per glucose molecule, a highly glycolytic tumor may produce an additional three fourths of this ATP via glycolysis (2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule). Studies by numerous laboratories to date indicate that this extra glucose intake i ...
... may synthesize (under normoxia) approximately 32 ATP molecules per glucose molecule, a highly glycolytic tumor may produce an additional three fourths of this ATP via glycolysis (2 ATP molecules per glucose molecule). Studies by numerous laboratories to date indicate that this extra glucose intake i ...
The therapeutic implications of ketone bodies
... cycle. Next to causing the translocation of GLUT4 from endoplasmic to plasma membrane, one of the most important acute metabolic effects of insulin, is the stimulation of the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex leading to an increased production of mitochondrial acetyl CoA, th ...
... cycle. Next to causing the translocation of GLUT4 from endoplasmic to plasma membrane, one of the most important acute metabolic effects of insulin, is the stimulation of the activity of the pyruvate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex leading to an increased production of mitochondrial acetyl CoA, th ...
Glucose Metabolism
... A. Glucose in the bloodstream comes from the digestion and/or from glycogen stored in the liver and muscle. B. When glucose in the bloodstream enters the cytosol (internal fluid) of our cells, it is immediately converted to glucose – 6 – phosphate. 1. This is an exergonic process and not reversible. ...
... A. Glucose in the bloodstream comes from the digestion and/or from glycogen stored in the liver and muscle. B. When glucose in the bloodstream enters the cytosol (internal fluid) of our cells, it is immediately converted to glucose – 6 – phosphate. 1. This is an exergonic process and not reversible. ...
Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek μίτος, mitos, i.e. ""thread"", and χονδρίον, chondrion, i.e. ""granule"" or ""grain-like"".Mitochondria range from 0.5 to 1.0 μm in diameter. A considerable variation can be seen in the structure and size of this organelle. Unless specifically stained, they are not visible. These structures are described as ""the powerhouse of the cell"" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death, as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human diseases, including mitochondrial disorders, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. A recent University of California study including ten children diagnosed with severe autism suggests that autism may be correlated with mitochondrial defects as well.Several characteristics make mitochondria unique. The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism, tissue, and cell type. For instance, red blood cells have no mitochondria, whereas liver cells can have more than 2000. The organelle is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the cristae and matrix. Mitochondrial proteins vary depending on the tissue and the species. In humans, 615 distinct types of protein have been identified from cardiac mitochondria, whereas in rats, 940 proteins have been reported. The mitochondrial proteome is thought to be dynamically regulated. Although most of a cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, the mitochondrion has its own independent genome. Further, its DNA shows substantial similarity to bacterial genomes.