Key area 2 * Cellular respiration
... the chemical energy stored in glucose must be released by all cells through a series of enzyme-controlled reactions called respiration; the energy released from the breakdown of glucose is used to generate ATP from ADP and phosphate; the chemical energy stored in ATP can be released by breaking it d ...
... the chemical energy stored in glucose must be released by all cells through a series of enzyme-controlled reactions called respiration; the energy released from the breakdown of glucose is used to generate ATP from ADP and phosphate; the chemical energy stored in ATP can be released by breaking it d ...
09_Lectures_PPT
... • Glycolysis accepts a wide range of carbohydrates • Proteins must be digested to amino acids; amino groups can feed glycolysis or the citric acid cycle • Fats are digested to glycerol (used in glycolysis) and fatty acids (used in generating acetyl CoA) ...
... • Glycolysis accepts a wide range of carbohydrates • Proteins must be digested to amino acids; amino groups can feed glycolysis or the citric acid cycle • Fats are digested to glycerol (used in glycolysis) and fatty acids (used in generating acetyl CoA) ...
Chapter 9
... causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space • H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through the proton, ATP synthase • ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive phosphorylation of ATP • This is an example of chemiosmosis, the use of energy ...
... causes proteins to pump H+ from the mitochondrial matrix to the intermembrane space • H+ then moves back across the membrane, passing through the proton, ATP synthase • ATP synthase uses the exergonic flow of H+ to drive phosphorylation of ATP • This is an example of chemiosmosis, the use of energy ...
09_Lectures_PPT
... • Glycolysis accepts a wide range of carbohydrates • Proteins must be digested to amino acids; amino groups can feed glycolysis or the citric acid cycle • Fats are digested to glycerol (used in glycolysis) and fatty acids (used in generating acetyl CoA) ...
... • Glycolysis accepts a wide range of carbohydrates • Proteins must be digested to amino acids; amino groups can feed glycolysis or the citric acid cycle • Fats are digested to glycerol (used in glycolysis) and fatty acids (used in generating acetyl CoA) ...
6 Energy and Metabolism
... yet still carry out cellular respiration by using fermentation to take the H+ burden off the NAD brothers so they can go back to work for the gumball glycolysis machine and the Kreb’s machine. Muscles are the only human cells that can do this. 13 ...
... yet still carry out cellular respiration by using fermentation to take the H+ burden off the NAD brothers so they can go back to work for the gumball glycolysis machine and the Kreb’s machine. Muscles are the only human cells that can do this. 13 ...
LEC 7 respiration
... • Ancient prokaryotes are thought to have used glycolysis long before there was oxygen in the atmosphere • Very little O2 was available in the atmosphere until about 2.7 billion years ago, so early prokaryotes likely used only glycolysis to generate ATP • Glycolysis is a very ancient process ...
... • Ancient prokaryotes are thought to have used glycolysis long before there was oxygen in the atmosphere • Very little O2 was available in the atmosphere until about 2.7 billion years ago, so early prokaryotes likely used only glycolysis to generate ATP • Glycolysis is a very ancient process ...
Oxidative Phosphorylation accompanying Oxidation of
... in the absence of hexokinase, and the quite small stimulation in its presence, indicates uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation by the fatty acid and/or stimulation of some type of mitochondrial adenosine-triphosphataseactivity. The samestimulation occurs in the absence of a phosphate acceptor, sug ...
... in the absence of hexokinase, and the quite small stimulation in its presence, indicates uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation by the fatty acid and/or stimulation of some type of mitochondrial adenosine-triphosphataseactivity. The samestimulation occurs in the absence of a phosphate acceptor, sug ...
HCC Learning Web
... – Uses light energy from the sun to power a chemical process that makes organic molecules. ...
... – Uses light energy from the sun to power a chemical process that makes organic molecules. ...
cellular respiration
... 6.9 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules • The citric acid cycle • is also called the Krebs cycle (after the GermanBritish researcher Hans Krebs, who worked out much of this pathway in the 1930s), • completes the oxidation of o ...
... 6.9 The citric acid cycle completes the oxidation of organic molecules, generating many NADH and FADH2 molecules • The citric acid cycle • is also called the Krebs cycle (after the GermanBritish researcher Hans Krebs, who worked out much of this pathway in the 1930s), • completes the oxidation of o ...
Mitochondrial ATP synthase is dispensable in blood
... the almost total reliance on anaerobic glycolysis by asexual bloodstage malaria parasites, a small amount of electron transport activity within the mitochondrion is crucial to regenerate ubiquinone required as the electron acceptor for dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an essential enzyme for pyrimidine ...
... the almost total reliance on anaerobic glycolysis by asexual bloodstage malaria parasites, a small amount of electron transport activity within the mitochondrion is crucial to regenerate ubiquinone required as the electron acceptor for dihydroorotate dehydrogenase, an essential enzyme for pyrimidine ...
Mitochondrial very long chain acyl
... located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and involved in long chain fatty acid oxidation, led us to perform the determination of the membrane-bound LCAD activity (VLCAD), which proved to be greatly reduced. Metabolic investigations showed absence of severe hypoglycaemia during a prolonged fast. H ...
... located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and involved in long chain fatty acid oxidation, led us to perform the determination of the membrane-bound LCAD activity (VLCAD), which proved to be greatly reduced. Metabolic investigations showed absence of severe hypoglycaemia during a prolonged fast. H ...
Campbell`s Biology, 9e (Reece et al.) Chapter 9 Cellular Respiration
... B) a proton gradient across a membrane. C) converting oxygen to ATP. D) transferring electrons from organic molecules to pyruvate. E) generating carbon dioxide and oxygen in the electron transport chain. Answer: B Topic: Concept 9.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 34) During aerobic respiration, whic ...
... B) a proton gradient across a membrane. C) converting oxygen to ATP. D) transferring electrons from organic molecules to pyruvate. E) generating carbon dioxide and oxygen in the electron transport chain. Answer: B Topic: Concept 9.4 Skill: Knowledge/Comprehension 34) During aerobic respiration, whic ...
Cellular Respiration - McGraw Hill Higher Education
... absence of oxygen. In animal cells, including human cells, pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis, is reduced by NADH to lactate (Fig. 8.5). Depending on their particular enzymes, bacteria vary as to whether they produce an organic acid, such as lactate, or an alcohol and CO2. Yeasts are good examp ...
... absence of oxygen. In animal cells, including human cells, pyruvate, the end product of glycolysis, is reduced by NADH to lactate (Fig. 8.5). Depending on their particular enzymes, bacteria vary as to whether they produce an organic acid, such as lactate, or an alcohol and CO2. Yeasts are good examp ...
Chemical Energy Production
... • Amino acids can be used to generate ATP – the amino group cannot be used to generate ATP – the remainder of most amino acids can generate intermediates that can enter the glycolytic pathway or the Kreb’s cycle H O H - N - C - C - OH H R ...
... • Amino acids can be used to generate ATP – the amino group cannot be used to generate ATP – the remainder of most amino acids can generate intermediates that can enter the glycolytic pathway or the Kreb’s cycle H O H - N - C - C - OH H R ...
Biochemistry The Citric Acid Cycle Chapter 17:
... CO2 + NADH – Pyruvate transported through membrane protein into mitochondria – Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes this irreversible reaction • Complex of 3 enzymes family, with masses from 4 million to • Member of a large family 10 million daltons ...
... CO2 + NADH – Pyruvate transported through membrane protein into mitochondria – Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex catalyzes this irreversible reaction • Complex of 3 enzymes family, with masses from 4 million to • Member of a large family 10 million daltons ...
Chapter 9
... • Ancient prokaryotes are thought to have used glycolysis long before there was oxygen in the atmosphere • Very little O2 was available in the atmosphere until about 2.7 billion years ago, so early prokaryotes likely used only glycolysis to generate ATP • Glycolysis is a very ancient process ...
... • Ancient prokaryotes are thought to have used glycolysis long before there was oxygen in the atmosphere • Very little O2 was available in the atmosphere until about 2.7 billion years ago, so early prokaryotes likely used only glycolysis to generate ATP • Glycolysis is a very ancient process ...
Photosynthesis_Cell Resp_Jeopardy
... Metabolic process most closely related with the intracellular membrane. ...
... Metabolic process most closely related with the intracellular membrane. ...
lecture5
... carbon atoms as a result of these reactions, and FADH2, NADH, and acetyl CoA are generated. Because oxidation is on the b carbon, this series of reactions is called the b-oxidation pathway. The first reaction in each round of degradation is the oxidation of acyl CoA by an acyl CoA dehydrogenase to g ...
... carbon atoms as a result of these reactions, and FADH2, NADH, and acetyl CoA are generated. Because oxidation is on the b carbon, this series of reactions is called the b-oxidation pathway. The first reaction in each round of degradation is the oxidation of acyl CoA by an acyl CoA dehydrogenase to g ...
Planta
... Fruit development and ripening are key processes in the production of the phytonutrients that are essential for a balanced diet and for disease prevention. The pathways involved in these processes are unique to plants and vary between species. Climacteric fruit ripening, especially in tomato, has be ...
... Fruit development and ripening are key processes in the production of the phytonutrients that are essential for a balanced diet and for disease prevention. The pathways involved in these processes are unique to plants and vary between species. Climacteric fruit ripening, especially in tomato, has be ...
Impaired ATP Synthase Assembly Associated with
... used to prepare crude mitochondrial fractions (17) for two-dimensional BN-PAGE. The gels were fixed, treated with AmplifyTM (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech) according to the protocol of the manufacturer, dried, and exposed to x-ray film for 1–24 h at ⫺70 °C. Alternatively, in some instances labeled prot ...
... used to prepare crude mitochondrial fractions (17) for two-dimensional BN-PAGE. The gels were fixed, treated with AmplifyTM (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech) according to the protocol of the manufacturer, dried, and exposed to x-ray film for 1–24 h at ⫺70 °C. Alternatively, in some instances labeled prot ...
Chapters11-Glycolysis-2014
... Series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy. It works by the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into CO2 and G in the form of ATP. The cycle also provides precursors of certain amino acids and of NADH that is used in numerous other bi ...
... Series of chemical reactions used by all aerobic organisms to generate energy. It works by the oxidation of acetate derived from carbohydrates, fats and proteins into CO2 and G in the form of ATP. The cycle also provides precursors of certain amino acids and of NADH that is used in numerous other bi ...
Antioxidant and Prooxidant Activities of
... by macrophages and neutrophils to eliminate microbes and other foreign molecules (Bastian and Hibbs, 1994). The important roles of NO in neurotransmission and regulation of blood pressure have been also well established (Ignarro, 1991; Prast and Philippu, 2001). Recent evidence obtained from nonphag ...
... by macrophages and neutrophils to eliminate microbes and other foreign molecules (Bastian and Hibbs, 1994). The important roles of NO in neurotransmission and regulation of blood pressure have been also well established (Ignarro, 1991; Prast and Philippu, 2001). Recent evidence obtained from nonphag ...
Citric Acid Cycle - chem.uwec.edu - University of Wisconsin
... 2.1. Regulation of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Pyruvate Dehydrogenase is regulated both allosterically and by reversible ...
... 2.1. Regulation of Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Pyruvate Dehydrogenase is regulated both allosterically and by reversible ...
Mitochondrion
The mitochondrion (plural mitochondria) is a double membrane-bound organelle found in most eukaryotic cells. The word mitochondrion comes from the Greek μίτος, mitos, i.e. ""thread"", and χονδρίον, chondrion, i.e. ""granule"" or ""grain-like"".Mitochondria range from 0.5 to 1.0 μm in diameter. A considerable variation can be seen in the structure and size of this organelle. Unless specifically stained, they are not visible. These structures are described as ""the powerhouse of the cell"" because they generate most of the cell's supply of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), used as a source of chemical energy. In addition to supplying cellular energy, mitochondria are involved in other tasks, such as signaling, cellular differentiation, and cell death, as well as maintaining control of the cell cycle and cell growth. Mitochondria have been implicated in several human diseases, including mitochondrial disorders, cardiac dysfunction, and heart failure. A recent University of California study including ten children diagnosed with severe autism suggests that autism may be correlated with mitochondrial defects as well.Several characteristics make mitochondria unique. The number of mitochondria in a cell can vary widely by organism, tissue, and cell type. For instance, red blood cells have no mitochondria, whereas liver cells can have more than 2000. The organelle is composed of compartments that carry out specialized functions. These compartments or regions include the outer membrane, the intermembrane space, the inner membrane, and the cristae and matrix. Mitochondrial proteins vary depending on the tissue and the species. In humans, 615 distinct types of protein have been identified from cardiac mitochondria, whereas in rats, 940 proteins have been reported. The mitochondrial proteome is thought to be dynamically regulated. Although most of a cell's DNA is contained in the cell nucleus, the mitochondrion has its own independent genome. Further, its DNA shows substantial similarity to bacterial genomes.