The pathogenesis of bovine virus diarrhoea virus infections
... a rise in b o d y temperarure, a leukopenia from about days 3 to 7 post-infection and occasionally a mild nasal discharge (21, 58). The BVDV isolated from acute infections is non-cytopathogenic and illustrates that this biotype is the one normally circulating within the cattle population. Characteri ...
... a rise in b o d y temperarure, a leukopenia from about days 3 to 7 post-infection and occasionally a mild nasal discharge (21, 58). The BVDV isolated from acute infections is non-cytopathogenic and illustrates that this biotype is the one normally circulating within the cattle population. Characteri ...
Temporal trends in the discovery of human viruses
... upswings since 1954, roughly corresponding to the advent of tissue culture techniques for virus detection (figure 1). We confirmed that our model reproduced the observed slight downward trend in the rate of discovery since 1954 (figure 1) and the observed variance in the data from 1954 to 2006 (figu ...
... upswings since 1954, roughly corresponding to the advent of tissue culture techniques for virus detection (figure 1). We confirmed that our model reproduced the observed slight downward trend in the rate of discovery since 1954 (figure 1) and the observed variance in the data from 1954 to 2006 (figu ...
Shingles
... Shingles is caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes chickenpox. After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus stays dormant (inactive) in the body. The virus may reactivate years later, causing shingles. Shingles is not caused by the same virus that causes ...
... Shingles is caused by the varicella zoster virus (VZV), the same virus that causes chickenpox. After a person recovers from chickenpox, the virus stays dormant (inactive) in the body. The virus may reactivate years later, causing shingles. Shingles is not caused by the same virus that causes ...
Detection on four continents of dengue fever
... of DENV activity [3], while outbreaks of clinically suspected dengue in the 1970s were proven to be caused by chikungunya [4]. In the 1980s an outbreak of dengue was reported from Luanda, with subsequent reports of travel-related dengue acquired in Angola, by travellers from the Netherlands [5] and ...
... of DENV activity [3], while outbreaks of clinically suspected dengue in the 1970s were proven to be caused by chikungunya [4]. In the 1980s an outbreak of dengue was reported from Luanda, with subsequent reports of travel-related dengue acquired in Angola, by travellers from the Netherlands [5] and ...
PRRS Virus – What Happens After a Pig Becomes Infected with
... intramuscular, oral, and vaginal. Exposure to 10 or fewer PRRS virus particles by intranasal and intramuscular routes results in infection (Yoon et al., 1999). Benfield et al. (2000a) determined that a PRRS virus concentration of 2 x 103 TCID50 per 50 ml of semen was sufficient to infect females thr ...
... intramuscular, oral, and vaginal. Exposure to 10 or fewer PRRS virus particles by intranasal and intramuscular routes results in infection (Yoon et al., 1999). Benfield et al. (2000a) determined that a PRRS virus concentration of 2 x 103 TCID50 per 50 ml of semen was sufficient to infect females thr ...
Urbanization and Vector-Borne Disease Emergence
... This mosquito breeds in dirty water, and often breeds The most important vectors for JEV are in the Culex in latrines and artificial containers. The related Culex sitiens group, which are known for their preference to pipiens and Culex pipiens molestus also has a pref- breed in rice fields, where th ...
... This mosquito breeds in dirty water, and often breeds The most important vectors for JEV are in the Culex in latrines and artificial containers. The related Culex sitiens group, which are known for their preference to pipiens and Culex pipiens molestus also has a pref- breed in rice fields, where th ...
HERPES B-VIRUS EXPOSURE PROTOCOL
... isolated from Sulawesi Crested Macaques in zoos. If the current EEP populations are infected the virus could have originated from wild caught animals (if Herpes B is endemic in wild populations) or from other macaques species housed in zoos which are known to harbor the virus. There is potential tha ...
... isolated from Sulawesi Crested Macaques in zoos. If the current EEP populations are infected the virus could have originated from wild caught animals (if Herpes B is endemic in wild populations) or from other macaques species housed in zoos which are known to harbor the virus. There is potential tha ...
MODULE 5: Case Classification and Differential Diagnosis
... Ministry of Health, Singapore, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the University of Malaya Medical Centre. ...
... Ministry of Health, Singapore, the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and the University of Malaya Medical Centre. ...
Discovery and Description of Ebola Zaire Virus in
... culture, electron microscopy (EM), immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) testing of sera, case tracing, containment, and epidemiological surveys. In 2013–2016, medical care and public health work were delayed for months until the Ebola virus disease epidemic was officially declared an emergency by World H ...
... culture, electron microscopy (EM), immunofluorescence antibody (IFA) testing of sera, case tracing, containment, and epidemiological surveys. In 2013–2016, medical care and public health work were delayed for months until the Ebola virus disease epidemic was officially declared an emergency by World H ...
Modern Uses of Electron Microscopy for Detection of Viruses
... found; rotavirus-like viruses and small round viruses ranging from 15 to 30 nm were detected, but there was no evidence of coronavirus, which is sometimes seen in human enteric disease ...
... found; rotavirus-like viruses and small round viruses ranging from 15 to 30 nm were detected, but there was no evidence of coronavirus, which is sometimes seen in human enteric disease ...
RISK ASSESSMENT
... above 60°C, serving salads at below 5°C, and sanitising all fruits and vegetables before consumption. Consider the general hygiene conditions when consuming common local products, such as freshly-made fruit juices, coconut water, drinks and cocktails. Avoid sexual risk behaviour to decrease the risk ...
... above 60°C, serving salads at below 5°C, and sanitising all fruits and vegetables before consumption. Consider the general hygiene conditions when consuming common local products, such as freshly-made fruit juices, coconut water, drinks and cocktails. Avoid sexual risk behaviour to decrease the risk ...
Reactivation of latent infection and induction of recurrent herpetic
... o f r e c u r r e n t disease on d a y s 2, 3 a n d 4. T h e y were t h e n killed a n d t h e i r tissues r e m o v e d for the isolation o f virus or for P A P staining to d e t e c t HSV-1 antigens. Infectious virus was first isolated f r o m one o f 14 T G 1 s a m p l e s f r o m m a l e m i c e ...
... o f r e c u r r e n t disease on d a y s 2, 3 a n d 4. T h e y were t h e n killed a n d t h e i r tissues r e m o v e d for the isolation o f virus or for P A P staining to d e t e c t HSV-1 antigens. Infectious virus was first isolated f r o m one o f 14 T G 1 s a m p l e s f r o m m a l e m i c e ...
Vector Competence of California Mosquitoes for West Nile virus
... 7 and 14, for which infection was not detectable. Cx. stigmatosoma infection rates on day 14 for the low dose were significantly higher than all other day-14 low–dose infection rates, except for Cx. erythrothorax (Coachella Valley) and Cx. tarsalis (Yolo County) (p<0.001). Cx. erythrothorax (Coachel ...
... 7 and 14, for which infection was not detectable. Cx. stigmatosoma infection rates on day 14 for the low dose were significantly higher than all other day-14 low–dose infection rates, except for Cx. erythrothorax (Coachella Valley) and Cx. tarsalis (Yolo County) (p<0.001). Cx. erythrothorax (Coachel ...
Biohazard Recognition and Control.lnk
... A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease, or which can result in serious economic consequences Does not ordinarily spread by casual contact from one individual to another can be treated by antimicrobial or Dr.Nagwa Aref antiparasitic agents ...
... A pathogen that usually causes serious human or animal disease, or which can result in serious economic consequences Does not ordinarily spread by casual contact from one individual to another can be treated by antimicrobial or Dr.Nagwa Aref antiparasitic agents ...
Chikungunya Fever: A New Concern For the Western Hemisphere
... being the outbreak in 2005 on the Island of Réunion that was caused by the ECSA group [27]. Autochthonous transmission subsequent to imported cases has been reported in Europe [28, 29] and most recently an outbreak that started December 2013 in Caribbean has spread to Central, South and North Americ ...
... being the outbreak in 2005 on the Island of Réunion that was caused by the ECSA group [27]. Autochthonous transmission subsequent to imported cases has been reported in Europe [28, 29] and most recently an outbreak that started December 2013 in Caribbean has spread to Central, South and North Americ ...
EBOLA VIRUS DISEASE: AWARENESS AND PRECAUTIONS FOR
... Cover: UN Photo #599548 by Andrey Tsarkov. Peacekeeping Chief Visits Liberia, Assesses Ebola Outbreak: A peacekeeper with the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) wears a protective mask while on duty at UN offices in the capital city of Monrovia. Next to her is a hand-washing station to be use ...
... Cover: UN Photo #599548 by Andrey Tsarkov. Peacekeeping Chief Visits Liberia, Assesses Ebola Outbreak: A peacekeeper with the United Nations Mission in Liberia (UNMIL) wears a protective mask while on duty at UN offices in the capital city of Monrovia. Next to her is a hand-washing station to be use ...
quebranta huesos, 1771 - The American Journal of Tropical
... without fever,’’ she may be referring to a more severe state than a mere elevation in body temperature because at that time fever (internationally, not just ‘‘calentura’’ in Spanish) meant ‘‘a disordered movement of the pulse, proceeding from some inward cause that alters it and produces heat or kin ...
... without fever,’’ she may be referring to a more severe state than a mere elevation in body temperature because at that time fever (internationally, not just ‘‘calentura’’ in Spanish) meant ‘‘a disordered movement of the pulse, proceeding from some inward cause that alters it and produces heat or kin ...
I87 Infection, Haemorrhage and Death of Chick Embryos after
... large quantities for at least 6 days, but virus inoculated directly into the allantoic fluid declined in concentration. This suggests that the cells lining the allantoic cavity are either insusceptible, or are infected only with difficulty from the allantoic fluid side of the membrane. Since virus i ...
... large quantities for at least 6 days, but virus inoculated directly into the allantoic fluid declined in concentration. This suggests that the cells lining the allantoic cavity are either insusceptible, or are infected only with difficulty from the allantoic fluid side of the membrane. Since virus i ...
Mechanism of Neutralization of Influenza Virus
... hemagglutinin low pH fusogenic transition. Virology 294, 70–74. Bizebard, T., Daniels, R., Kahn, R., Golinelli-Pimpaneau, B., Skehel, J. J., and Knossow, M. (1994). Refined three-dimensional structure of the Fab fragment of a murine IgG1, antibody. Acta Crystallogr. D 50, ...
... hemagglutinin low pH fusogenic transition. Virology 294, 70–74. Bizebard, T., Daniels, R., Kahn, R., Golinelli-Pimpaneau, B., Skehel, J. J., and Knossow, M. (1994). Refined three-dimensional structure of the Fab fragment of a murine IgG1, antibody. Acta Crystallogr. D 50, ...
THE GLOBAL THREAT OF EMERGENT/REEMERGENT VECTOR
... West Nile Virus2 West Nile virus (WNV) (Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus), an African virus, belongs to the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) sero-group, which includes a number of closely related viruses, including JEV in Asia, St. Louis encephalitis virus in the Americas, and Murray Valley encephali ...
... West Nile Virus2 West Nile virus (WNV) (Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus), an African virus, belongs to the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) sero-group, which includes a number of closely related viruses, including JEV in Asia, St. Louis encephalitis virus in the Americas, and Murray Valley encephali ...
An Epizootic Congenital Arthro- gryposis
... lambs and kids4 ,G,s,i5 ,1s>. Abortions and stillbirths have been recorded as a major featurt of the disease in Japan and it has been previously suggested that they might possibly be related to the outb1·eaks in Australia, although Bloodll could not find any evidence of increased rate of abortions i ...
... lambs and kids4 ,G,s,i5 ,1s>. Abortions and stillbirths have been recorded as a major featurt of the disease in Japan and it has been previously suggested that they might possibly be related to the outb1·eaks in Australia, although Bloodll could not find any evidence of increased rate of abortions i ...
VACCINIA VIRUS and VACCINIA VIRAL VECTORS
... Although there is no formal surveillance system in place, there have not been any reports of laboratory-acquired infection resulting from exposure to any of the above highly attenuated strains or recombinant vaccines derived from these strains in the literature or to the CDC. Appropriate biosafety g ...
... Although there is no formal surveillance system in place, there have not been any reports of laboratory-acquired infection resulting from exposure to any of the above highly attenuated strains or recombinant vaccines derived from these strains in the literature or to the CDC. Appropriate biosafety g ...
Medical Virology - e
... Type of infection Virus replicates initially at the site of entry, but then enters the blood (viraemia) or lymphatics and spreads throughout the body .Other viruses may replicate locally initially, and then enter nerve endings and travel up the axon to infect the central nervous system. Time from ex ...
... Type of infection Virus replicates initially at the site of entry, but then enters the blood (viraemia) or lymphatics and spreads throughout the body .Other viruses may replicate locally initially, and then enter nerve endings and travel up the axon to infect the central nervous system. Time from ex ...
Persistent influenza C virus possesses distinct functional properties
... change of two amino acids located close to one another within the predicted receptor-binding pocket of H E F at positions 284 (Thr--* Leu) and 286 (Thr ~ Ile). This alteration was demonstrated repeatedly in several samples of persistent genomes isolated and amplified independently (i.e. different ce ...
... change of two amino acids located close to one another within the predicted receptor-binding pocket of H E F at positions 284 (Thr--* Leu) and 286 (Thr ~ Ile). This alteration was demonstrated repeatedly in several samples of persistent genomes isolated and amplified independently (i.e. different ce ...
Zika virus
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a member of the Flaviviridae virus family and the flavivirus genus. In humans, it causes a disease known as Zika fever. It is related to dengue, yellow fever, West Nile and Japanese encephalitis, viruses that are also members of the virus family Flaviviridae.