Variable region of the 39 UTR is a critical virulence factor in the Far
... severe neurological illness in humans annually. However, virulence factors and pathological mechanisms of TBEV remain largely unknown. To identify the virulence factors, we constructed chimeric viruses between two TBEV strains of the Far-Eastern subtype, Sofjin-HO (highly pathogenic) and Oshima 5-10 ...
... severe neurological illness in humans annually. However, virulence factors and pathological mechanisms of TBEV remain largely unknown. To identify the virulence factors, we constructed chimeric viruses between two TBEV strains of the Far-Eastern subtype, Sofjin-HO (highly pathogenic) and Oshima 5-10 ...
Chapter I INTRODUCTION AND LITERATURE REVIEW
... years. In 2010 Dengue fever outbreaks occurred in Trivandrum, Kottayam, Pathanamthitta, Idukki and Kasargod (DHS Kerala 2010). Chikungunya is another vector borne disease was not recorded before1963. But now it is an epidemic in many districts, added a new dimension to the entire scenario of vector ...
... years. In 2010 Dengue fever outbreaks occurred in Trivandrum, Kottayam, Pathanamthitta, Idukki and Kasargod (DHS Kerala 2010). Chikungunya is another vector borne disease was not recorded before1963. But now it is an epidemic in many districts, added a new dimension to the entire scenario of vector ...
Detection of yellow fever virus: a comparison of
... GE per reaction and a linear quantification range of seven orders of magnitude which should encompass the general clinical requirements. Despite the different amplicon lengths produced by the two assays (104 vs. 228 bp), detection limits and precision were nearly identical under optimised conditions ...
... GE per reaction and a linear quantification range of seven orders of magnitude which should encompass the general clinical requirements. Despite the different amplicon lengths produced by the two assays (104 vs. 228 bp), detection limits and precision were nearly identical under optimised conditions ...
packaging and transporting of infectious substances and diagnostic
... A packing list / custom (proforma) invoice which includes the receiver’s address, the number of packages, detail of contents, weight, value (note: state that there is “no commercial value” as the items are supplied free of charge). ...
... A packing list / custom (proforma) invoice which includes the receiver’s address, the number of packages, detail of contents, weight, value (note: state that there is “no commercial value” as the items are supplied free of charge). ...
Genomic and phylogenetic characterization of Brazilian yellow fever
... the Caribbean; and genotype II, found in Bolivia, Peru, Brazil, and Ecuador (7, 8, 39). Although YFV is considered a serious public health threat in Latin America, only a single Trinidadian strain has ...
... the Caribbean; and genotype II, found in Bolivia, Peru, Brazil, and Ecuador (7, 8, 39). Although YFV is considered a serious public health threat in Latin America, only a single Trinidadian strain has ...
Dangerous Goods Regulations, 56th Edition, Effective 1 January to
... known medical history, symptoms and individual circumstances of the source, human or animal, and endemic local conditions. Examples of specimens which may be transported under this paragraph include the blood or urine tests to monitor cholesterol levels, blood glucose levels, hormone levels, or pros ...
... known medical history, symptoms and individual circumstances of the source, human or animal, and endemic local conditions. Examples of specimens which may be transported under this paragraph include the blood or urine tests to monitor cholesterol levels, blood glucose levels, hormone levels, or pros ...
Full Text
... patients were brought to provincial hospitals with vague systemic presentations, causing hospital staff to be unaware of the risks of being exposed to patient blood and body fluids without proper protection and which inevitably worsened the outbreaks.1,6 Furthermore, cases associated with locally in ...
... patients were brought to provincial hospitals with vague systemic presentations, causing hospital staff to be unaware of the risks of being exposed to patient blood and body fluids without proper protection and which inevitably worsened the outbreaks.1,6 Furthermore, cases associated with locally in ...
Pea Early Browning Virus - Plant Biosecurity Toolbox
... Christie RG 1991). However, experimental transmissions have shown that at least 30 species in at least ten families have been infected by sap inoculation, although many do not become systemically infected. High seed transmission rates have been reported for PEBV in field pea (up to 61%) and broad be ...
... Christie RG 1991). However, experimental transmissions have shown that at least 30 species in at least ten families have been infected by sap inoculation, although many do not become systemically infected. High seed transmission rates have been reported for PEBV in field pea (up to 61%) and broad be ...
Diagnostic Methods for Pea Early Browning Virus PEBV
... Other studies have shown that viable recombinants between tobravirus species can be produced in the laboratory, for example by replacing the coat protein gene of PEBV with that of TRV (MacFarlane et al. 1994). Anomalous tobravirus isolates have also been found in nature. Robinson et al. (1987) found ...
... Other studies have shown that viable recombinants between tobravirus species can be produced in the laboratory, for example by replacing the coat protein gene of PEBV with that of TRV (MacFarlane et al. 1994). Anomalous tobravirus isolates have also been found in nature. Robinson et al. (1987) found ...
Isolation and Molecular Characterization of Camel Pox Virus By
... pox lesions can be found in the mucous membranes of the mouth and respiratory and digestive tracts (Kritz, 1982 and Wernery and Kaaden, 2002). The morbidity rate of CP is variable and depends on wether the virus is circulating in the herd. The incidence of the disease is higher in males, than female ...
... pox lesions can be found in the mucous membranes of the mouth and respiratory and digestive tracts (Kritz, 1982 and Wernery and Kaaden, 2002). The morbidity rate of CP is variable and depends on wether the virus is circulating in the herd. The incidence of the disease is higher in males, than female ...
Nipah Virus: Effects of Urbanization and Climate Change
... and his team, that flying foxes were the carriers of the virus. The neutralizing antibodies for NiV were also found in bat species in Australia, Malaysia, Singapore, Cambodia, India, Bangladesh and Madagascar [8]. Though bats are the primary reservoir of the virus, it can be transferred to pigs that ...
... and his team, that flying foxes were the carriers of the virus. The neutralizing antibodies for NiV were also found in bat species in Australia, Malaysia, Singapore, Cambodia, India, Bangladesh and Madagascar [8]. Though bats are the primary reservoir of the virus, it can be transferred to pigs that ...
Chikungunya virus impacts the diversity of symbiotic bacteria in
... known insect endosymbionts like Wolbachia and Blattabacterium decreased. Our results clearly link the pathogen propagation with changes in the dynamics of the bacterial community, suggesting that cooperation or competition occurs within the host, which may in turn affect the mosquito traits like vec ...
... known insect endosymbionts like Wolbachia and Blattabacterium decreased. Our results clearly link the pathogen propagation with changes in the dynamics of the bacterial community, suggesting that cooperation or competition occurs within the host, which may in turn affect the mosquito traits like vec ...
un/scetdg/25/inf.43
... Category B: An infectious substance that does not meet the criteria for inclusion in category A, unless shipped in a cultured (laboratory stocks) form. Although the method of classification has been changed, UN3373 “Diagnostic specimens” or “Clinical specimens” has been retained but redefined, and t ...
... Category B: An infectious substance that does not meet the criteria for inclusion in category A, unless shipped in a cultured (laboratory stocks) form. Although the method of classification has been changed, UN3373 “Diagnostic specimens” or “Clinical specimens” has been retained but redefined, and t ...
DROUGHT-ASSOCIATED CHIKUNGUNYA EMERGENCE ALONG
... with respect to reference means over 1979–2005. Negative OLR anomalies in the tropics represent regions of precipitating clouds, whereas positive OLR anomalies are associated with dry conditions.15 Cases of non-malarial febrile illness at Lamu District Hos- ...
... with respect to reference means over 1979–2005. Negative OLR anomalies in the tropics represent regions of precipitating clouds, whereas positive OLR anomalies are associated with dry conditions.15 Cases of non-malarial febrile illness at Lamu District Hos- ...
Persistence of infectious pancreatic necrosis virus (IPNV)
... Virus recovered from hemolymph, intestine, gîll and mantle samples collected at Day 126 was sent to Norbio a/s, Bergen, Norway, for serotype verification by ELISA. Expt 4: A bath challenge was pertormed by exposing 60 scallops to IPNV in a 250 1 aquarium containing 100 1 seawater to which had been a ...
... Virus recovered from hemolymph, intestine, gîll and mantle samples collected at Day 126 was sent to Norbio a/s, Bergen, Norway, for serotype verification by ELISA. Expt 4: A bath challenge was pertormed by exposing 60 scallops to IPNV in a 250 1 aquarium containing 100 1 seawater to which had been a ...
Development of Field-Based Real-Time Reverse Transcription
... mosquito vectors. In Africa, CHIKV is maintained through a sylvatic transmission cycle between wild primates and Ae. furcifer, Ae. africanus, Ae. luteocephalus, and Ae. taylori mosquitoes. In Asia, CHIKV is transmitted from human to human primarily by Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus.8,9 A second re-e ...
... mosquito vectors. In Africa, CHIKV is maintained through a sylvatic transmission cycle between wild primates and Ae. furcifer, Ae. africanus, Ae. luteocephalus, and Ae. taylori mosquitoes. In Asia, CHIKV is transmitted from human to human primarily by Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus.8,9 A second re-e ...
Virological and pathological features of mice infected with murine
... well studied (Rickinson et al., 1989), studies of gammaherpesvirus infections have been limited almost entirely to clinically apparent EBV infection in man and experimental inoculation of non-human primates with either EBV or related simian viruses. Studies of acute infection with EBV are limited to ...
... well studied (Rickinson et al., 1989), studies of gammaherpesvirus infections have been limited almost entirely to clinically apparent EBV infection in man and experimental inoculation of non-human primates with either EBV or related simian viruses. Studies of acute infection with EBV are limited to ...
Citrus Virus Diseases
... pinpoint chlorotic spotting, and stunting can be mechanically transmitted to a range of noncitrus hosts ...
... pinpoint chlorotic spotting, and stunting can be mechanically transmitted to a range of noncitrus hosts ...
Vaccine-Derived Poliovirus - Global Polio Eradication Initiative
... forms of all three strains of polio, including type 2. Wild poliovirus type 2 was eradicated in 1999. The weakened type 2 strain in trivalent OPV is no longer needed to protect children from wild polio, but causes nearly 90% of all cVDPV. In April 2016, all countries switched to bivalent OPV, which ...
... forms of all three strains of polio, including type 2. Wild poliovirus type 2 was eradicated in 1999. The weakened type 2 strain in trivalent OPV is no longer needed to protect children from wild polio, but causes nearly 90% of all cVDPV. In April 2016, all countries switched to bivalent OPV, which ...
Natural infections of pigs with akabane virus
... examinations, two infected pigs sacrificed at the 4th and 6th days showed mild nonsupprative encephalitis and vasculitis infiltrated with lymphocytes on brains (data not shown). For testing the virus recovery, the infectious viruses were recovered with varying frequency from the brains, small intest ...
... examinations, two infected pigs sacrificed at the 4th and 6th days showed mild nonsupprative encephalitis and vasculitis infiltrated with lymphocytes on brains (data not shown). For testing the virus recovery, the infectious viruses were recovered with varying frequency from the brains, small intest ...
Structures of immature flavivirus particles
... (Figure 5C). However, unlike Sindbis virus spikes which have strict or quasi-threefold symmetry, the monomers in the immature particle spikes are only very approximately related by a threefold axis. A difference map, in which the density corresponding to the ®tted E monomers was set to zero, shows t ...
... (Figure 5C). However, unlike Sindbis virus spikes which have strict or quasi-threefold symmetry, the monomers in the immature particle spikes are only very approximately related by a threefold axis. A difference map, in which the density corresponding to the ®tted E monomers was set to zero, shows t ...
SOME PROPERTIES OF ROSE MOSAIC VIRUS FROM SOUTH
... two regions. The Australian isolates studied have very much narrower host ranges. At present, rose mosaic does not appear to be a well-defined disease. Fry and Hunter (1956) and Hunter (1965) recognized three types of symptoms on rose which they considered to be caused by different viruses but never ...
... two regions. The Australian isolates studied have very much narrower host ranges. At present, rose mosaic does not appear to be a well-defined disease. Fry and Hunter (1956) and Hunter (1965) recognized three types of symptoms on rose which they considered to be caused by different viruses but never ...
Epidemic Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis in La Guajira, Colombia
... surveys, yielding an upper 95% limit (Poisson distribution) for proportion of equine deaths of 8% (or 400). Most of the equines (83%) owned by survey respondents were donkeys: 92% of these animals were vaccinated but only 5 (8%) of 60 had been vaccinated before the epidemic’s onset. All 10 unvaccina ...
... surveys, yielding an upper 95% limit (Poisson distribution) for proportion of equine deaths of 8% (or 400). Most of the equines (83%) owned by survey respondents were donkeys: 92% of these animals were vaccinated but only 5 (8%) of 60 had been vaccinated before the epidemic’s onset. All 10 unvaccina ...
Hendra virus - NSW Department of Primary Industries
... In humans, Hendra virus infection may cause a flu-like illness that can progress to pneumonia, and/or encephalitis (inflammation of the brain). Encephalitis may cause confusion, headache, high fever, and drowsiness, which can progress to convulsions or coma. As August 2013, four of the seven people ...
... In humans, Hendra virus infection may cause a flu-like illness that can progress to pneumonia, and/or encephalitis (inflammation of the brain). Encephalitis may cause confusion, headache, high fever, and drowsiness, which can progress to convulsions or coma. As August 2013, four of the seven people ...
Rift Valley fever potential mosquito vectors and their infection status
... villages; Meshili, Malambo and Endulen have been persistently affected by past RVF outbreaks which were reported mainly during the period of prolonged heavy rainfall (Sindato et al., 2014). The potential role of prolonged rainfall and mass emergence of mosquitoes have been reported as risk factors f ...
... villages; Meshili, Malambo and Endulen have been persistently affected by past RVF outbreaks which were reported mainly during the period of prolonged heavy rainfall (Sindato et al., 2014). The potential role of prolonged rainfall and mass emergence of mosquitoes have been reported as risk factors f ...
Zika virus
Zika virus (ZIKV) is a member of the Flaviviridae virus family and the flavivirus genus. In humans, it causes a disease known as Zika fever. It is related to dengue, yellow fever, West Nile and Japanese encephalitis, viruses that are also members of the virus family Flaviviridae.