Mistreatment of the economic impacts of extreme events
... other number) per year to greenhouse gas emissions. The Stern Review chose to ignore the consensus view in favor of selectively citing a single study. Furthermore, the Stern Review uses the Muir-Wood et al. (2006) as the sole basis for projecting future global losses from extreme events (see Table 5 ...
... other number) per year to greenhouse gas emissions. The Stern Review chose to ignore the consensus view in favor of selectively citing a single study. Furthermore, the Stern Review uses the Muir-Wood et al. (2006) as the sole basis for projecting future global losses from extreme events (see Table 5 ...
COP 18 - Ministry of Foreign Affairs
... Management of GHG emissions Inventorying the national GHG for the base year 2005 and develop basic emission scenarios Carrying out the targets of GHG emission reduction and GHG absorption increasing by 2020 (base year: 2005) ...
... Management of GHG emissions Inventorying the national GHG for the base year 2005 and develop basic emission scenarios Carrying out the targets of GHG emission reduction and GHG absorption increasing by 2020 (base year: 2005) ...
The Nature of Weather and Climate
... •Since 1996, rate of loss from Greenland ice sheet has increased by 67% •If all of the Greenland ice sheet melted, global sea-level would rise 23 ft (7 m) •Annually, it contributes about 0.5 mm (0.02 in.) to global sea-level rise ...
... •Since 1996, rate of loss from Greenland ice sheet has increased by 67% •If all of the Greenland ice sheet melted, global sea-level would rise 23 ft (7 m) •Annually, it contributes about 0.5 mm (0.02 in.) to global sea-level rise ...
Volume 3: Climate and Global Change and Risks
... anthropogenic activities. In view of specific peculiarities of the climate system this problem cannot be solved with the use of the conventional methods repeatedly tested in natural sciences. It can be stated that, at present, the principal methodological basis for solving this problem is numerical ...
... anthropogenic activities. In view of specific peculiarities of the climate system this problem cannot be solved with the use of the conventional methods repeatedly tested in natural sciences. It can be stated that, at present, the principal methodological basis for solving this problem is numerical ...
Measures To Reduce The Urban Heat Island Effect In Rosemont
... a high percentage of dark surfaces such as tar roofs and asphalt roads or parking lots. The dark surfaces absorb the sun’s rays and radiate heat out, thereby increasing the ambient air temperature. UHIs can be very localized – the air temperature can be significantly different from one street to the ...
... a high percentage of dark surfaces such as tar roofs and asphalt roads or parking lots. The dark surfaces absorb the sun’s rays and radiate heat out, thereby increasing the ambient air temperature. UHIs can be very localized – the air temperature can be significantly different from one street to the ...
Tackling climate change at the local level
... because if we are to avoid climate change we must start cutting emissions immediately and sustain those cuts for at least the first half of this century. Carbon dioxide persists in the atmosphere for many years - so it is not the level of emissions in the year 2050, but the total emissions by that y ...
... because if we are to avoid climate change we must start cutting emissions immediately and sustain those cuts for at least the first half of this century. Carbon dioxide persists in the atmosphere for many years - so it is not the level of emissions in the year 2050, but the total emissions by that y ...
Climate sensitivity of shrub growth across the tundra biome
... Previous studies have identified summer temperatures as an important driver of vegetation change1,13,14,26 , but the role of soil moisture is less often examined. A recent synthesis of two decades of ecological monitoring (the International Tundra Experiment Network) showed that increased shrub abun ...
... Previous studies have identified summer temperatures as an important driver of vegetation change1,13,14,26 , but the role of soil moisture is less often examined. A recent synthesis of two decades of ecological monitoring (the International Tundra Experiment Network) showed that increased shrub abun ...
Camille Parmesan Education
... Beebee, J M Fromont, O Hoegh-Guldberg (2002) Ecological responses to recent climate change. Nature 416:389-395. o Ranked #11: Parmesan, C & G Yohe (2003) A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts in natural systems. Nature 421:37-42. (This paper also won an ISI Web of Science award i ...
... Beebee, J M Fromont, O Hoegh-Guldberg (2002) Ecological responses to recent climate change. Nature 416:389-395. o Ranked #11: Parmesan, C & G Yohe (2003) A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts in natural systems. Nature 421:37-42. (This paper also won an ISI Web of Science award i ...
WARMER PERIODS IN THE SLOVAK MOUNTAINS ACCORDING
... go out from the warmer seasons, where this warmer period continual exists at least five years and average season temperature is in all years higher than 1951-1980 normal. This normal period was chosen as insignificantly influenced by climate change, because of the IPCC recommendation. If any singula ...
... go out from the warmer seasons, where this warmer period continual exists at least five years and average season temperature is in all years higher than 1951-1980 normal. This normal period was chosen as insignificantly influenced by climate change, because of the IPCC recommendation. If any singula ...
Adaptation 101
... safeguard global security. As populations increase in some of the world’s poorest countries, a harsher climate can lead to migration; refugee crises; and conflicts over scarce natural resources, including land and water.19 Long-term economic destabilization in developing countries can also further u ...
... safeguard global security. As populations increase in some of the world’s poorest countries, a harsher climate can lead to migration; refugee crises; and conflicts over scarce natural resources, including land and water.19 Long-term economic destabilization in developing countries can also further u ...
NSW Climate Change Policy Framework
... ensure the energy supply remains or becomes more reliable and affordable): to manage the transition to net-zero emissions and increase investment certainty, take advantage of opportunities to grow emissions savings industries, capture health co-benefits and manage security and reliability impacts of ...
... ensure the energy supply remains or becomes more reliable and affordable): to manage the transition to net-zero emissions and increase investment certainty, take advantage of opportunities to grow emissions savings industries, capture health co-benefits and manage security and reliability impacts of ...
motivating individual carbon reduction through local government
... mid-90s, mostly due to growth in road transport and air travel. There was also a growing awareness that the energy demand in housing accounted for as much as 30% of the UK’s CO2 emissions total (Jones et al, 2000). Critics pointed out that this was evidence that effective policies would now have to ...
... mid-90s, mostly due to growth in road transport and air travel. There was also a growing awareness that the energy demand in housing accounted for as much as 30% of the UK’s CO2 emissions total (Jones et al, 2000). Critics pointed out that this was evidence that effective policies would now have to ...
Climate Change and Respiratory Health
... rise in wildfire frequency and severity.30 A 2013 study of climate change and wildfires notes: “Current climate change models are in agreement that there will be increased fire weather severity in the future. This is anticipated to increase both fire occurrence and severity, resulting in larger fire ...
... rise in wildfire frequency and severity.30 A 2013 study of climate change and wildfires notes: “Current climate change models are in agreement that there will be increased fire weather severity in the future. This is anticipated to increase both fire occurrence and severity, resulting in larger fire ...
PDF
... normally unable to adequately capture the complex and dynamic cropping systems present on most African farms (Hijmans & Graham, 2006; Thuiller et al., 2004; Müller et al., 2010). Of particular importance is that modeling studies simulating the impacts of climate change on agricultural productivity o ...
... normally unable to adequately capture the complex and dynamic cropping systems present on most African farms (Hijmans & Graham, 2006; Thuiller et al., 2004; Müller et al., 2010). Of particular importance is that modeling studies simulating the impacts of climate change on agricultural productivity o ...
high confidence
... High temperatures may increase the frequency of harmful algal blooms [low confidence] ...
... High temperatures may increase the frequency of harmful algal blooms [low confidence] ...
HRM Climate SMART Community Action Guide to Climate Change
... namely, the burning of fossil fuels. In fact, burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, gasoline and natural gas is the source of the majority of greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants. Reducing the use of fossil fuels helps to combat both climate change and air pollution, while achieving other b ...
... namely, the burning of fossil fuels. In fact, burning fossil fuels such as coal, oil, gasoline and natural gas is the source of the majority of greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutants. Reducing the use of fossil fuels helps to combat both climate change and air pollution, while achieving other b ...
Miocene tectonics and climate forcing of biodiversity, western United
... strata spanning tens or hundreds of thousands of years, multiple climate oscillations, habitats, and faunas are likely. This model implies, however, that layer-specific faunal assemblages should be correlated with warm versus cold or wet versus dry climates, and that diversity reflects an area’s car ...
... strata spanning tens or hundreds of thousands of years, multiple climate oscillations, habitats, and faunas are likely. This model implies, however, that layer-specific faunal assemblages should be correlated with warm versus cold or wet versus dry climates, and that diversity reflects an area’s car ...
Multicentury Changes to the Global Climate and Carbon Cycle
... modeling study are complimentary to the results from the work by Govindasamy et al. (2005), notably the increase in carbon–climate feedback with climate sensitivity, and persistence of the terrestrial carbon sink over the twenty-first century. In their model, the positive feedback between the carbon ...
... modeling study are complimentary to the results from the work by Govindasamy et al. (2005), notably the increase in carbon–climate feedback with climate sensitivity, and persistence of the terrestrial carbon sink over the twenty-first century. In their model, the positive feedback between the carbon ...
UK approach to climate change: Impacts and adaptation
... level ongoing - but initial feedback suggests: ...
... level ongoing - but initial feedback suggests: ...
PDF
... Over the last 30 years, the world has experienced significant temperature increases, particularly in the northern high latitudes (IPCC, 2001). The research results of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) show that the average temperature in Europe will increase from 2.1 to 4.4°C by 2050, ...
... Over the last 30 years, the world has experienced significant temperature increases, particularly in the northern high latitudes (IPCC, 2001). The research results of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) show that the average temperature in Europe will increase from 2.1 to 4.4°C by 2050, ...
Chapter 5 - Government.se
... climate and adaptation to climate change 5.1 Expected effects of climate change The third IPCC assessment of climate change concludes that there is increasing evidence that man is affecting the global climate system.1 The mean global temperature has risen by approximately 0.6°C over the last hundred ...
... climate and adaptation to climate change 5.1 Expected effects of climate change The third IPCC assessment of climate change concludes that there is increasing evidence that man is affecting the global climate system.1 The mean global temperature has risen by approximately 0.6°C over the last hundred ...
PDF
... into the simulation. (All monetary amounts are in 1995 US dollars. Our decision to focus on projections for 2195 is explained in the appendix.) The slightly decreased emissions that result from internalizing this carbon price cause a temperature decrease of only 0.2°C by 2195, compared to the busine ...
... into the simulation. (All monetary amounts are in 1995 US dollars. Our decision to focus on projections for 2195 is explained in the appendix.) The slightly decreased emissions that result from internalizing this carbon price cause a temperature decrease of only 0.2°C by 2195, compared to the busine ...
Effects of systematic biases in the stratosphere on the tropospheric
... Climate science makes use of observations, theory, and modelling to understand better the functioning of the climate system on Earth in present and past conditions, and to explore possible future climates. Comprehensive climate models developed for this purpose integrate the knowledge on the process ...
... Climate science makes use of observations, theory, and modelling to understand better the functioning of the climate system on Earth in present and past conditions, and to explore possible future climates. Comprehensive climate models developed for this purpose integrate the knowledge on the process ...
Relative importance between biogeochemical and
... implies that previous studies without considering NME-induced effect might have underestimated the intensity of total terrestrial feedback to the climate system. ...
... implies that previous studies without considering NME-induced effect might have underestimated the intensity of total terrestrial feedback to the climate system. ...
Executive Summary - A New Climate for Peace
... The planet’s limited resources are under pressure. While the global marketplace provides a growing number of people with a seemingly unending flow of goods, too many people in developing countries struggle to meet their daily needs, with limited access to basic services and functional markets. Deman ...
... The planet’s limited resources are under pressure. While the global marketplace provides a growing number of people with a seemingly unending flow of goods, too many people in developing countries struggle to meet their daily needs, with limited access to basic services and functional markets. Deman ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).