BODY PARAGRAPHS
... those who disagree with her are likely to listen. Oreskes invites readers to think through the issue with her and, by so doing, she gives respect to the reader and to the issue at hand. 10 ■ In conclusion, the chapter by Oreskes is one very important given that its importance and topic of global war ...
... those who disagree with her are likely to listen. Oreskes invites readers to think through the issue with her and, by so doing, she gives respect to the reader and to the issue at hand. 10 ■ In conclusion, the chapter by Oreskes is one very important given that its importance and topic of global war ...
PDF Full Publication in PDF Format
... from land use change, methane emissions, and nitrous oxide emissions. The scenarios of economic and population growth are perturbed by the effects of climatic change. Population decreases are a result of changes in heat stress, cold stress, malaria, and tropical cyclones. Heat and cold stress are as ...
... from land use change, methane emissions, and nitrous oxide emissions. The scenarios of economic and population growth are perturbed by the effects of climatic change. Population decreases are a result of changes in heat stress, cold stress, malaria, and tropical cyclones. Heat and cold stress are as ...
Implications of Climate Changes in the Wider Caribbean Region
... are a global change scenario, which is interpreted to mean a global average change, that may or may not be realistic for the Wider Caribbean Region. While the Task Team used these baseline values in addressing the implications, two reports asked "Does the historical record support such values for th ...
... are a global change scenario, which is interpreted to mean a global average change, that may or may not be realistic for the Wider Caribbean Region. While the Task Team used these baseline values in addressing the implications, two reports asked "Does the historical record support such values for th ...
draft proposal - Stockholm Environment Institute
... 1. Towards optimizing integrated strategies for air pollution and climate change; 2. Potential regional, hemispheric and global frameworks for managing air pollution and their relevance to and interaction with the climate change community; and 3. Delivering co-benefits at urban, national and regiona ...
... 1. Towards optimizing integrated strategies for air pollution and climate change; 2. Potential regional, hemispheric and global frameworks for managing air pollution and their relevance to and interaction with the climate change community; and 3. Delivering co-benefits at urban, national and regiona ...
Feedbacks and climate sensitivity
... - Is the system linear enough that is makes sense to isolate the individual feedbacks? (The Humpty Dumpty test) - Is the reference system and variable of interest clear when comparing different feedbacks? ...
... - Is the system linear enough that is makes sense to isolate the individual feedbacks? (The Humpty Dumpty test) - Is the reference system and variable of interest clear when comparing different feedbacks? ...
CO2 Variations, 1999 Mauna Loa, Hawaii
... Variations of deuterium (δD) in antarctic ice, which is a proxy for local temperature, and the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) in air trapped within the ice cores and from recent atmospheric measurements. Data cover 650, ...
... Variations of deuterium (δD) in antarctic ice, which is a proxy for local temperature, and the atmospheric concentrations of the greenhouse gases carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and nitrous oxide (N2O) in air trapped within the ice cores and from recent atmospheric measurements. Data cover 650, ...
Changes in the potential distribution of humid tropical forests on a
... on annual rainfall, temperature and the perhumidity index (PI [17]) that attempts to summarize both the dry- and wet-season precipitation characteristics into a single index value. In this scheme, a low-temperature boundary is used to separate a group of tropical climates associated with biologicall ...
... on annual rainfall, temperature and the perhumidity index (PI [17]) that attempts to summarize both the dry- and wet-season precipitation characteristics into a single index value. In this scheme, a low-temperature boundary is used to separate a group of tropical climates associated with biologicall ...
Downscaling climate change scenarios for apple pest and disease
... (Buser et al., 2009), the simulations were processed and aggregated to obtain seasonal probabilistic climate change signals of changes in temperature and precipitation for three domains in Switzerland (see Fig. 1). The spatial extent of the domains was determined semi-empirically based on the spatia ...
... (Buser et al., 2009), the simulations were processed and aggregated to obtain seasonal probabilistic climate change signals of changes in temperature and precipitation for three domains in Switzerland (see Fig. 1). The spatial extent of the domains was determined semi-empirically based on the spatia ...
Climate evolution in the last five centuries
... The main results of a transient climate simulation of the last 500 years with a coupled atmosphere-ocean model driven by estimated solar variability, volcanic activity and atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases are presented and compared with several empirical climate reconstructions. Along ...
... The main results of a transient climate simulation of the last 500 years with a coupled atmosphere-ocean model driven by estimated solar variability, volcanic activity and atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases are presented and compared with several empirical climate reconstructions. Along ...
Ethical Anxieties About Geoengineering
... The issue is complicated by the fact that, since we know that continuing to burn fossil fuels will cause harm, it could be said that global warming is now ―deliberate‖ even if warming is not the intention. Continued release of greenhouse gases is undoubtedly negligent, but I think there is a moral, ...
... The issue is complicated by the fact that, since we know that continuing to burn fossil fuels will cause harm, it could be said that global warming is now ―deliberate‖ even if warming is not the intention. Continued release of greenhouse gases is undoubtedly negligent, but I think there is a moral, ...
Impacts of climate change on stratospheric ozone
... [1] The impact of increasing greenhouse gases (GHGs) on the ‘‘recovery’’ of stratospheric ozone is examined using simulations of the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry-Climate Model. In this model, GHG-induced climate change has a large impact on the ozone evolution and when O3 recovery milest ...
... [1] The impact of increasing greenhouse gases (GHGs) on the ‘‘recovery’’ of stratospheric ozone is examined using simulations of the Goddard Earth Observing System Chemistry-Climate Model. In this model, GHG-induced climate change has a large impact on the ozone evolution and when O3 recovery milest ...
Climate change and water in the UK – past
... variations and high sensitivity to the period of study (Hannaford, 2014). As with floods, there is pronounced interdecadal variability in longterm records of low flow or drought, and Marsh et al. (2007) demonstrate that some of the droughts of the 19th century were longer and more severe than those ...
... variations and high sensitivity to the period of study (Hannaford, 2014). As with floods, there is pronounced interdecadal variability in longterm records of low flow or drought, and Marsh et al. (2007) demonstrate that some of the droughts of the 19th century were longer and more severe than those ...
English - Inter-American Development Bank
... Quito, Ecuador; and Bogotá, Colombia—were covered with ice until approximately 12,000 years ago. And many of today’s deserts were once covered by lush forests. In these cases, transformations were due to natural phenomena. But today, climate changes aren’t just coming from natural causes; they are a ...
... Quito, Ecuador; and Bogotá, Colombia—were covered with ice until approximately 12,000 years ago. And many of today’s deserts were once covered by lush forests. In these cases, transformations were due to natural phenomena. But today, climate changes aren’t just coming from natural causes; they are a ...
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... anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. (!d.) The Nobel-Prize-winning International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has expressed its expert opinion that the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century "is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic green ...
... anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions. (!d.) The Nobel-Prize-winning International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has expressed its expert opinion that the observed increase in global average temperatures since the mid-20th century "is very likely due to the observed increase in anthropogenic green ...
Evolution in response to climate change
... Evidence for climate change driven evolution requires genetic proof Evolution is refers to a genetic change in a population over generations. Genetic changes can be caused by migration, mutation, genetic drift or selection, of which only the latter can be considered as adaptive, in situ evolution. H ...
... Evidence for climate change driven evolution requires genetic proof Evolution is refers to a genetic change in a population over generations. Genetic changes can be caused by migration, mutation, genetic drift or selection, of which only the latter can be considered as adaptive, in situ evolution. H ...
This business of climate change - The University of the West Indies
... Two challenges to sustainable development of the regional tourism industry: Maintaining tourism industry within the region’s ecological and socio-cultural carrying capacity; Anticipate and adapt to climate change impacts. (reduced emissions and energy consumption within the tourism industry) Implica ...
... Two challenges to sustainable development of the regional tourism industry: Maintaining tourism industry within the region’s ecological and socio-cultural carrying capacity; Anticipate and adapt to climate change impacts. (reduced emissions and energy consumption within the tourism industry) Implica ...
amoeba downing
... attributed to climate change, though without the incremental measurements that have been possible on the Lazarev Bay moss-peat, the timings of changes are more difficult to ascertain. The length of the melt season has increased across the AP region since 1948 [10, 20], with earlier thawing of the g ...
... attributed to climate change, though without the incremental measurements that have been possible on the Lazarev Bay moss-peat, the timings of changes are more difficult to ascertain. The length of the melt season has increased across the AP region since 1948 [10, 20], with earlier thawing of the g ...
Mandate and framework for the evaluation of Norwegian climate
... Secretariat and external support The Research Council will establish a secretariat with expertise related to the work involved with subject-specific evaluations, Norwegian and international research policy, the Norwegian research system, the players involved in Norwegian climate research and climate ...
... Secretariat and external support The Research Council will establish a secretariat with expertise related to the work involved with subject-specific evaluations, Norwegian and international research policy, the Norwegian research system, the players involved in Norwegian climate research and climate ...
Barbados Intended Nationally Determined Contribution
... Barbados is experiencing more extreme weather events, as well as more subtle changes to temperature and precipitation patterns. Observations confirm that temperatures are rising, the frequency of extreme weather events are increasing, sea levels are rising and coral bleaching events are more frequen ...
... Barbados is experiencing more extreme weather events, as well as more subtle changes to temperature and precipitation patterns. Observations confirm that temperatures are rising, the frequency of extreme weather events are increasing, sea levels are rising and coral bleaching events are more frequen ...
Cumming and Van Vuuren 2006
... (Pearson & Dawson, 2003; Araújo et al., 2005), particularly when applied at broad scales. The results show that habitat suitability for most African tick species increases both within Africa and globally in all scenarios. Given the burden that invasive ticks could place on economies, the development ...
... (Pearson & Dawson, 2003; Araújo et al., 2005), particularly when applied at broad scales. The results show that habitat suitability for most African tick species increases both within Africa and globally in all scenarios. Given the burden that invasive ticks could place on economies, the development ...
Poverty and Climate Change
... limiting greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. We also reaffirm that industrialized countries should take the lead in combating climate change and its adverse effects. We share a commitment to assisting and working with poor people, partner governments, civil societies, and the private sector in copin ...
... limiting greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. We also reaffirm that industrialized countries should take the lead in combating climate change and its adverse effects. We share a commitment to assisting and working with poor people, partner governments, civil societies, and the private sector in copin ...
Ministry of Foreign Affairs MKL Grant Committee Meeting 25 October
... The Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF) was launched in context of the United Nations Framework Conventions on Climate Change to address adaptation needs of Least Developed Countries, reflecting that they are severely affected by climate change, and have lesser capacity to adapt. LDCF has supporte ...
... The Least Developed Countries Fund (LDCF) was launched in context of the United Nations Framework Conventions on Climate Change to address adaptation needs of Least Developed Countries, reflecting that they are severely affected by climate change, and have lesser capacity to adapt. LDCF has supporte ...
Antarctic Temperature and Sea Ice Trends over the Last
... High latitude regions of the Earth (the Arctic and Antarctic) have been considered as bellwethers in the detection of global climate change. According to IPCC (2001), “Climate change in polar regions is expected to be among the largest and most rapid of any region on the Earth, and will cause major ...
... High latitude regions of the Earth (the Arctic and Antarctic) have been considered as bellwethers in the detection of global climate change. According to IPCC (2001), “Climate change in polar regions is expected to be among the largest and most rapid of any region on the Earth, and will cause major ...
Focal Area and Cross Cutting Strategies * Chemicals
... “Invites the GEF to continue its support for the implementation of the convention […] in light of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, in particular target 15.3”; “Invites the GEF to […] consider technical and financial support for voluntary national land degradation neutrality target-settin ...
... “Invites the GEF to continue its support for the implementation of the convention […] in light of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, in particular target 15.3”; “Invites the GEF to […] consider technical and financial support for voluntary national land degradation neutrality target-settin ...
On the Chopping Block - Allegheny Highlands Climate Change
... and flooding, periodic drought, rain replacing snow, the loss of historic forests and changing weather patterns, extirpation of high-value sporting species like the brook trout – these impacts threaten the Highlands's distinctive outdoor recreation and hospitality industry. The Pennsylvania Climate ...
... and flooding, periodic drought, rain replacing snow, the loss of historic forests and changing weather patterns, extirpation of high-value sporting species like the brook trout – these impacts threaten the Highlands's distinctive outdoor recreation and hospitality industry. The Pennsylvania Climate ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).