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Implementation of WGM AOP1 for 2010 and planning for 2011,2012
Implementation of WGM AOP1 for 2010 and planning for 2011,2012

... Integrated Workshop on Urban Flood Risk Management in a Changing Climate: Sustainable and Adaptation Challenges 06-10 September 2010 Macao, China ...
Climate change projections for Greater Manchester
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... factors such as volcanic activity, changes in solar output, changes in the Earth’s orbit and oscillations in the climate system such as the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO). The difference between these natural cycles and the recent changes in climate we have ...
Uncertain futures
Uncertain futures

... may lead to different types of societal challenges: a more extensive antibiotic resistance, climate change and a rapid energy transition. The studies have been conducted within MSB’s strategic foresight programme, the last study with the support of the Swedish Defence Research Agency (FOI). MSB’s st ...
The Angry Summer - Investor Group on Climate Change
The Angry Summer - Investor Group on Climate Change

... already experienced an increase in the FFDI. The main contributors to this increase are prolonged periods of reduced rainfall and the increased frequency and intensity of extreme heat (Lucas et al., 2007; Clarke et al., 2012). The FFDI has increased significantly at 16 of 38 weather stations across ...
FH Research Branch
FH Research Branch

... by MPB within seed orchards. (Alvin Yanchuk) Two small research projects in root rot resistance continue in conjunction with the CFS. Phellinus on the coast (Michael Stoer) and Armillaria in the interior (Barry Jaquish). Developing markers to select for deer and heartwood rot-resistant individual fr ...
Polar Bears in a Warming World
Polar Bears in a Warming World

... in average weather conditions. Sea ice: Formed from sea water ...
Climate change adaptation in arable land use, and impact on
Climate change adaptation in arable land use, and impact on

... *e-mail: [email protected], ...
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Americans` Knowledge of Climate Change

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Word - Green Ninja
Word - Green Ninja

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Mainstreaming Climate Change into National Urban Policies Background Paper
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Report - UNHCR
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Slide 1

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changing patterns of rain or power? how an idea of

... change research agenda. Henceforth, this paper wishes to contribute to developing theoretical and methodological tools that show the power-laden processes of translating adaptation. It will do so by arguing for an ethnography of connectivity (see below), combined with a detailed ethnographic account ...
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Perception and adaptation to climate change by farmers in the Nile

... analyse the perception and adaptation to climate change in the Nile Basin of Ethiopia. The dependent variable for the selection equation is whether a farmer has or has not perceived climate change. The explanatory variables for the selection equation include different socio-demographic and environme ...
Global Warming and Caspian Sea Level Fluctuations
Global Warming and Caspian Sea Level Fluctuations

... Use of satellites to measure the sea levels has more and more increased in recent decades. The U.S. Department of Agriculture's Foreign Agricultural Service2, in cooperation with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration3, and the University of Maryland, are routinely monitoring lake and res ...
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... that greater diversity entails greater value. It is also apparent that human activity is believed to pose the main threat to rich biodiversity through, for example, habitat fragmentation, introducing alien species, and global climate change, all of which are treated as human-induced (anthropogenic) ...
Ch 18 Global Climate Change
Ch 18 Global Climate Change

... Synopsis of global climate change • In 2007, scientists from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) sifted through thousands of studies and published the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) • The report concluded that warming of the climate is unequivocal • The atmosphere and oceans are wa ...
future climate uncertainty and spatial variability over tamilnadu state
future climate uncertainty and spatial variability over tamilnadu state

... Solar radiation had both positive and negative deviation for Tamilnadu. In all the members studied (Table 7) the minimum variations in solar radiation ranged from -1.3 to -0.2 MJm-2 and the maximum variation ranged from 0.1 to 0.9 MJm-2. On an average, the member HQ3 had no deviation and HQ0 (0.1 MJ ...
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DAY 1 - UAF SNAP

...  Effects of the PDO (Pacific Decadal Oscillation) in exaggerating or masking underlying climate trends over decadal time periods.  The benefits and uncertainties of downscaling 2) Rick Thoman | NWS – Climate Variability and Climate Change  “Climate is what you expect, weather is what you get.” “C ...
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18_Lecture_Presentation

... Synopsis of global climate change • In 2007, scientists from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) sifted through thousands of studies and published the Fourth Assessment Report (AR4) • The report concluded that warming of the climate is unequivocal • The atmosphere and oceans are wa ...
Ethanol or Gas Which is Best for the Climate
Ethanol or Gas Which is Best for the Climate

... we end up using more energy than we create? Is replacing gasoline with corn ethanol better for the climate? What’s the best way to calculate how ethanol production and use affect climate? Right now many folks are asking these questions and coming up with differing answers. This in part results from ...
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Attribution of recent climate change



Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).
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