watersketch - Astra
... 1. Adaptation policy and measures are assessed in a developmental context; 2. Adaptation to short-term climate variability and extreme events are explicitly included as a step toward reducing vulnerability to long-term change; 3. Adaptation occurs at different levels in society, including the local ...
... 1. Adaptation policy and measures are assessed in a developmental context; 2. Adaptation to short-term climate variability and extreme events are explicitly included as a step toward reducing vulnerability to long-term change; 3. Adaptation occurs at different levels in society, including the local ...
Land - Use/Land Cover Change as a
... Estimated radiative forcings since preindustrial times for the Earth and Troposphere system (TOA) radiative forcing with adjusted stratospheric temperatures). The height of the rectangular bar denotes a central or best estimate of the forcing, while each vertical line is an estimate of the uncertai ...
... Estimated radiative forcings since preindustrial times for the Earth and Troposphere system (TOA) radiative forcing with adjusted stratospheric temperatures). The height of the rectangular bar denotes a central or best estimate of the forcing, while each vertical line is an estimate of the uncertai ...
Protected Area Policies and Climate Change: The Case of the
... To predict changes in vegetation zonation, outputs from three Global Climate Models (GCMs) for the 2040-2069 period (referred to as the 2050s) were applied to the Canadian Prairies: CGCM2 A21, CSIROMk2b B11 and Hadley CM3 B21. These scenarios were selected because they represent the full GCM range o ...
... To predict changes in vegetation zonation, outputs from three Global Climate Models (GCMs) for the 2040-2069 period (referred to as the 2050s) were applied to the Canadian Prairies: CGCM2 A21, CSIROMk2b B11 and Hadley CM3 B21. These scenarios were selected because they represent the full GCM range o ...
Insert title here - BCS Coventry Branch : Welcome
... cause of the decline of mammals such as the woolly mammoth, woolly rhino and cave lion, according to Durham University scientists. • The findings of the new study challenge the theory that human beings were the primary ...
... cause of the decline of mammals such as the woolly mammoth, woolly rhino and cave lion, according to Durham University scientists. • The findings of the new study challenge the theory that human beings were the primary ...
climate change adaptation in nigeria
... release of the IPCC’s Third Assessment Report, COP 9 in 2003 requested the UNFCCC Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) to initiate work on the scientific, technical and socioeconomic aspects of, and vulnerability and adaptation to, climate change. Parties reached a milest ...
... release of the IPCC’s Third Assessment Report, COP 9 in 2003 requested the UNFCCC Subsidiary Body for Scientific and Technological Advice (SBSTA) to initiate work on the scientific, technical and socioeconomic aspects of, and vulnerability and adaptation to, climate change. Parties reached a milest ...
Recycling HFC Refrigerants Delivers Immediate, Cost
... phase-down and promoting low-GWP technologies for new equipment. In addition, advances in leak detection technologies, improved service practices, and supply chain tracking are important to deploy to contain refrigerants. An essential component to reducing HFC refrigerant emissions is establishing t ...
... phase-down and promoting low-GWP technologies for new equipment. In addition, advances in leak detection technologies, improved service practices, and supply chain tracking are important to deploy to contain refrigerants. An essential component to reducing HFC refrigerant emissions is establishing t ...
How much water will be available in the upper
... source of water for urban and agricultural demands in the arid and semi-arid Southwestern United States. Projected climatic changes in the basin suggest some precipitation increases in the very highest regions, and no changes or declines for the middle and low elevations, while air surface temperatu ...
... source of water for urban and agricultural demands in the arid and semi-arid Southwestern United States. Projected climatic changes in the basin suggest some precipitation increases in the very highest regions, and no changes or declines for the middle and low elevations, while air surface temperatu ...
A Guide for Incorporating Adaptation to Climate
... Climate Change refers to both the general warming of our climate, and the increased variability of extreme events associated with this change. The increased variability means that, while the average temperature may be increasing, sometimes temperatures may be colder than usual, as well as hotter. Ex ...
... Climate Change refers to both the general warming of our climate, and the increased variability of extreme events associated with this change. The increased variability means that, while the average temperature may be increasing, sometimes temperatures may be colder than usual, as well as hotter. Ex ...
Oxfam Education Session 5: adapting to climate change Age range
... Show slide 10. Discuss learners‟ ideas about what climate change adaptation means. Explain that climate change adaptation is about responding to the effects of climate change to reduce the vulnerability of people, plants, animals and natural systems. Oxfam are already working with communities around ...
... Show slide 10. Discuss learners‟ ideas about what climate change adaptation means. Explain that climate change adaptation is about responding to the effects of climate change to reduce the vulnerability of people, plants, animals and natural systems. Oxfam are already working with communities around ...
PDF
... change impacts as they do to any other changes in their physical, social and economic environment. And policy action to facilitate adaptation will for the most part be of a similar type as government reactions to other societal needs. It is also clear that benefit-cost ratios will in aggregate be po ...
... change impacts as they do to any other changes in their physical, social and economic environment. And policy action to facilitate adaptation will for the most part be of a similar type as government reactions to other societal needs. It is also clear that benefit-cost ratios will in aggregate be po ...
Variation in the sensitivity of organismal body and geographic scales
... BTS to Tw increased, with decreasing vertical position within locations, but the magnitude of change was location-dependent. For example, at the highest latitude site (48.39°N) BTS to Ta for lower intertidal animals was reduced by 22% from that of upper intertidal animals, but in southern California ...
... BTS to Tw increased, with decreasing vertical position within locations, but the magnitude of change was location-dependent. For example, at the highest latitude site (48.39°N) BTS to Ta for lower intertidal animals was reduced by 22% from that of upper intertidal animals, but in southern California ...
2012_11_28_AGU_Poster_StewartEtAl
... source of water for urban and agricultural demands in the arid and semi-arid Southwestern United States. Projected climatic changes in the basin suggest some precipitation increases in the very highest regions, and no changes or declines for the middle and low elevations, while air surface temperatu ...
... source of water for urban and agricultural demands in the arid and semi-arid Southwestern United States. Projected climatic changes in the basin suggest some precipitation increases in the very highest regions, and no changes or declines for the middle and low elevations, while air surface temperatu ...
Adapting agriculture to climate change
... While new industries have potential to reinvigorate small communities, it seems more likely that the current trend of ageing and community loss will continue. Externalities affecting farming include increasing competition for productive land, especially in peri-urban areas. Linked to this, a key fut ...
... While new industries have potential to reinvigorate small communities, it seems more likely that the current trend of ageing and community loss will continue. Externalities affecting farming include increasing competition for productive land, especially in peri-urban areas. Linked to this, a key fut ...
AUSAID – UNDP PARTNERSHIP ON CLIMATE CHANGE 1
... impediment to the endeavor of realizing national development priorities including the MDGs. While the Central Government is the key player in shaping the national climate change policy and creating the necessary institutional mechanism for its implementation, involvement of decision makers and other ...
... impediment to the endeavor of realizing national development priorities including the MDGs. While the Central Government is the key player in shaping the national climate change policy and creating the necessary institutional mechanism for its implementation, involvement of decision makers and other ...
Presentation to the Emeritus Faculty, Australian National
... Despite having an annual time series of more than 40 years they considered it necessary (1) to remove intra-annual variability of the Mauna Loa series due to the spring flush of the NH, and (2) the inter-annual variability associated with El Nino (ENSO) and volcanic data. Step (1) is unnecessary for ...
... Despite having an annual time series of more than 40 years they considered it necessary (1) to remove intra-annual variability of the Mauna Loa series due to the spring flush of the NH, and (2) the inter-annual variability associated with El Nino (ENSO) and volcanic data. Step (1) is unnecessary for ...
submission for the carbon tax bill
... with science. Climate prediction is not science, it is pseudo-science, and sooner or later more real scientists are going to wake up to this fact.”…..“If the IPCC were a pharmaceutical company it could face fraud charges for doing this. This is a good analogy. The IPCC claims to have diagnosed a pla ...
... with science. Climate prediction is not science, it is pseudo-science, and sooner or later more real scientists are going to wake up to this fact.”…..“If the IPCC were a pharmaceutical company it could face fraud charges for doing this. This is a good analogy. The IPCC claims to have diagnosed a pla ...
Trend and Change Analysis of Monthly and Seasonal Temperature
... to the surface and into the earth’s atmosphere [3]. Rapid industrialization, extensive use of fossil fuels and exploding population growth is the principal cause of the pronounced late twentiethcentury warming. [4] reported, the effects and evidences of climate change vary over space and across lati ...
... to the surface and into the earth’s atmosphere [3]. Rapid industrialization, extensive use of fossil fuels and exploding population growth is the principal cause of the pronounced late twentiethcentury warming. [4] reported, the effects and evidences of climate change vary over space and across lati ...
The influence of dynamic vegetation on the present
... physical, chemical and biological processes within and between the atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and the terrestrial and marine biosphere. There is no strict definition of which processes at what level of complexity are required before a climate model becomes an Earth System Model (Collins et al., ...
... physical, chemical and biological processes within and between the atmosphere, ocean, cryosphere, and the terrestrial and marine biosphere. There is no strict definition of which processes at what level of complexity are required before a climate model becomes an Earth System Model (Collins et al., ...
Pluviothermal Conditions in Poland in Light of Contemporary
... taken for granted, and furthermore the legitimacy of analyzing present and future climate conditions by employing 30-year norm periods has recently been seriously undermined [4]. The main problem is that climatic norms are calculated retroactively, which is a serious drawback. At the same time they ...
... taken for granted, and furthermore the legitimacy of analyzing present and future climate conditions by employing 30-year norm periods has recently been seriously undermined [4]. The main problem is that climatic norms are calculated retroactively, which is a serious drawback. At the same time they ...
Fairtrade and the carbon market
... livelihoods from the negative effects of climate change. By involving smallholders and communities more, the carbon market has great potential to support sustainable and local development, both at the core of Fairtrade goals. In fact, it could support Fairtrade producers to cut their carbon emission ...
... livelihoods from the negative effects of climate change. By involving smallholders and communities more, the carbon market has great potential to support sustainable and local development, both at the core of Fairtrade goals. In fact, it could support Fairtrade producers to cut their carbon emission ...
The Critical Decade: Tasmanian impacts and
... The community of Clarence east of Hobart has a long history of coastal erosion and flooding events, caused by severe weather and storm surges (Figure 4). Storms in July 2011 resulted in dune erosion of up to five metres and many flooded Lauderdale residences. With 191 km of coastline and a large num ...
... The community of Clarence east of Hobart has a long history of coastal erosion and flooding events, caused by severe weather and storm surges (Figure 4). Storms in July 2011 resulted in dune erosion of up to five metres and many flooded Lauderdale residences. With 191 km of coastline and a large num ...
Transformational adaptation
... and develop and implement plans for significantly different ways of achieving a desired outcome. As transformational adaptation is a relatively new concept, few concrete examples of this approach at the city scale have been described. Pockets of innovation that are transformative in nature, though, ...
... and develop and implement plans for significantly different ways of achieving a desired outcome. As transformational adaptation is a relatively new concept, few concrete examples of this approach at the city scale have been described. Pockets of innovation that are transformative in nature, though, ...
Climate and Development Economics: Balancing Science, Politics
... and Stern assumed. Hansen et al. project that a long-term CO2 concentration of 450 ppm or greater would lead to an ice-free Earth and many meters of sea level rise; they advocate a target of 350 ppm CO2, lower than today’s 385 ppm, in order to stabilize ice sheets and major river flows, and reduce c ...
... and Stern assumed. Hansen et al. project that a long-term CO2 concentration of 450 ppm or greater would lead to an ice-free Earth and many meters of sea level rise; they advocate a target of 350 ppm CO2, lower than today’s 385 ppm, in order to stabilize ice sheets and major river flows, and reduce c ...
Simulated Global-Mean Sea Level Changes over the Last Half
... (HadCM3), which is an unfluxadjusted atmosphere– ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) having a resolution of 2.5° latitude ⫻ 3.75° longitude ⫻ 19 levels in the atmosphere, and 1.25° ⫻ 1.25° ⫻ 20 levels in the ocean. More details of the model and its parameterizations and CONTROL experiment (with ...
... (HadCM3), which is an unfluxadjusted atmosphere– ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) having a resolution of 2.5° latitude ⫻ 3.75° longitude ⫻ 19 levels in the atmosphere, and 1.25° ⫻ 1.25° ⫻ 20 levels in the ocean. More details of the model and its parameterizations and CONTROL experiment (with ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).