2. arctic warming and its consequences have major implications for
... greenhouse gases trapped in Arctic soils and sea sediments, which could be released to the atmosphere as air and water warm. Methane and CO2 from Permafrost Methane and CO2 are currently trapped in permafrost (frozen soil) that underlies much of the Arctic region. Permafrost is already thawing in ma ...
... greenhouse gases trapped in Arctic soils and sea sediments, which could be released to the atmosphere as air and water warm. Methane and CO2 from Permafrost Methane and CO2 are currently trapped in permafrost (frozen soil) that underlies much of the Arctic region. Permafrost is already thawing in ma ...
Cultural dimensions of climate change impacts and adaptation
... residues of antecedent landscapes”11. Alternatively, human ecology analyses social–ecological systems to discern interactions between social practices, values and change in the natural world12. In most cases, the methods for studying culture tend to be qualitative, frequently including ethnography a ...
... residues of antecedent landscapes”11. Alternatively, human ecology analyses social–ecological systems to discern interactions between social practices, values and change in the natural world12. In most cases, the methods for studying culture tend to be qualitative, frequently including ethnography a ...
The Norwegian Earth System Model, NorESM1
... is positive, but smaller than 0.1 Wm−2 . More than 99 % of this excess heat is transferred to the oceans, which experience a statistically significant temperature increase. There are also small negative trends in the ocean salinity, the winter maximum sea-ice area in both hemispheres and the Atlanti ...
... is positive, but smaller than 0.1 Wm−2 . More than 99 % of this excess heat is transferred to the oceans, which experience a statistically significant temperature increase. There are also small negative trends in the ocean salinity, the winter maximum sea-ice area in both hemispheres and the Atlanti ...
NAFTA and Climate Change
... For the past two decades, multilateral negotiations have sought to construct a global climate compact that would substantially reduce GHG emissions and promote green growth strategies in developing countries through, inter alia, robust networks for offsets and climate finance. A successful agreement ...
... For the past two decades, multilateral negotiations have sought to construct a global climate compact that would substantially reduce GHG emissions and promote green growth strategies in developing countries through, inter alia, robust networks for offsets and climate finance. A successful agreement ...
Will Geoengineering With Solar Radiation Management Ever Be
... of either of these ideas, but for now I will assume that at some time in the future they will become technically possible and affordable. Still I do not think either will ever be implemented on a global basis, because of the inherent risks and uncertainties. Geoengineering could reduce or reverse gl ...
... of either of these ideas, but for now I will assume that at some time in the future they will become technically possible and affordable. Still I do not think either will ever be implemented on a global basis, because of the inherent risks and uncertainties. Geoengineering could reduce or reverse gl ...
in English
... Impromptu workshops for COP21 On the 1st Sunday of each month, from October to December and during the Christmas holidays, the Impromptu workshops will be devoted to COP21. In partnership with COAL, the Pompidou Centre invites renowned artists such as Barthélémy Toguo to design creative workshops ar ...
... Impromptu workshops for COP21 On the 1st Sunday of each month, from October to December and during the Christmas holidays, the Impromptu workshops will be devoted to COP21. In partnership with COAL, the Pompidou Centre invites renowned artists such as Barthélémy Toguo to design creative workshops ar ...
ʻAimalama: E Mauliauhonua – Readapting to Ancestral Knowledge
... the next, correlations between all these activities can start and the development of a notable baseline of the combined recordation of data arises. Over time, patterns and trends will emerge that will inform the recorder on the activities that are associated with each moon phase, monthly expectation ...
... the next, correlations between all these activities can start and the development of a notable baseline of the combined recordation of data arises. Over time, patterns and trends will emerge that will inform the recorder on the activities that are associated with each moon phase, monthly expectation ...
concluded
... interannual variability (see Figure SPM.1). Due to natural variability, trends based on short records are very sensitive to the beginning and end dates and do not in general reflect long-term climate trends. As one example, the rate of warming over the past 15 years (1998–2012; 0.05 [–0.05 to 0.15] ...
... interannual variability (see Figure SPM.1). Due to natural variability, trends based on short records are very sensitive to the beginning and end dates and do not in general reflect long-term climate trends. As one example, the rate of warming over the past 15 years (1998–2012; 0.05 [–0.05 to 0.15] ...
PDF Download
... According to the latest IPCC report (2007) there is unequivocal evidence of the warming of the climate system, which is expected to affect both ecosystems and socio-economic systems to varying degrees. Changes in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) are deemed responsible for the ob ...
... According to the latest IPCC report (2007) there is unequivocal evidence of the warming of the climate system, which is expected to affect both ecosystems and socio-economic systems to varying degrees. Changes in atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases (GHGs) are deemed responsible for the ob ...
Climate change and human health: Spatial modeling of water
... simulated sea surface temperature (SST) patterns (Cook, 2008; Giannini, Biasutti, Held, & Sobel, 2008). Analysis of climate observations provides an alternative way to evaluate oceanic and land influence on decadal climate variation. This empirical appraoch leads to results that differ from climate s ...
... simulated sea surface temperature (SST) patterns (Cook, 2008; Giannini, Biasutti, Held, & Sobel, 2008). Analysis of climate observations provides an alternative way to evaluate oceanic and land influence on decadal climate variation. This empirical appraoch leads to results that differ from climate s ...
Cultural Dynamics of Climate Change and the Environment in
... thing”.2 As Obama began his second term in the most powerful office on planet Earth, by way of media reactions to the speech, an onlooking public citizenry saw ‘hope’ rise again for more comprehensive climate change engagement from the US. Indeed, all of this stands in stark contrast to President Ob ...
... thing”.2 As Obama began his second term in the most powerful office on planet Earth, by way of media reactions to the speech, an onlooking public citizenry saw ‘hope’ rise again for more comprehensive climate change engagement from the US. Indeed, all of this stands in stark contrast to President Ob ...
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES THE CLIMATE POLICY DILEMMA Robert S. Pindyck
... We know from a broad range of studies that most individuals would prefer to receive a unit of consumption now rather than receive that same unit a month, a year, or 10 years from now. We also know that financial data reflecting investor behavior, as well as movements of macroeconomic aggregates refl ...
... We know from a broad range of studies that most individuals would prefer to receive a unit of consumption now rather than receive that same unit a month, a year, or 10 years from now. We also know that financial data reflecting investor behavior, as well as movements of macroeconomic aggregates refl ...
STRATEGIES FOR COPING WITH WEATHER CHANGES ADOPTED REGION HIGH SCHOOLS, SWAZILAND
... This is the change in the statistical distribution of weather over periods of time that range from decades to millions of years. It is a change in average weather of a region or the whole earth. It may be regarded as anthropogenic or human-causing climate change known as anthropogenic global warming ...
... This is the change in the statistical distribution of weather over periods of time that range from decades to millions of years. It is a change in average weather of a region or the whole earth. It may be regarded as anthropogenic or human-causing climate change known as anthropogenic global warming ...
the article (Word 298.5KB)
... extremes and wind patterns (p.10) … For the next two decades a warming of about 0.2ºC per decade is projected (p.12)… Continued greenhouse gas emissions at or above current rates would cause further warming and induce many changes in the global climate system during the 21st century that would very ...
... extremes and wind patterns (p.10) … For the next two decades a warming of about 0.2ºC per decade is projected (p.12)… Continued greenhouse gas emissions at or above current rates would cause further warming and induce many changes in the global climate system during the 21st century that would very ...
Alberto Montanari - University of Bologna
... 2.4 to 6.4 deg. C (high emissions).. Direct surface warming from 2xCO2 is only 0.6 deg C (about 1 deg. F) Thus, climate models have net POSITIVE feedbacks (they respond to a warming tendency with changes that amplify the 1 deg. F CO2-only warming). There is a WIDE range of warming estimates, illustr ...
... 2.4 to 6.4 deg. C (high emissions).. Direct surface warming from 2xCO2 is only 0.6 deg C (about 1 deg. F) Thus, climate models have net POSITIVE feedbacks (they respond to a warming tendency with changes that amplify the 1 deg. F CO2-only warming). There is a WIDE range of warming estimates, illustr ...
Inuit women and environmental change: examining experiences
... countries that, like the Arctic, are already experiencing the effects of climate change. Work in these regions tends to focus on gender beyond describing it as a factor that influences vulnerability. These studies have a greater tendency to describe a more holistic picture of the impact climate chan ...
... countries that, like the Arctic, are already experiencing the effects of climate change. Work in these regions tends to focus on gender beyond describing it as a factor that influences vulnerability. These studies have a greater tendency to describe a more holistic picture of the impact climate chan ...
Multilevel Governance and American Influence on Canadian
... In this context, it is hardly surprising that the policy responses to climate change by Canada and the United States have been closely aligned. Those who follow Canadian and US politics also will not be surprised that the arrow of influence runs decidedly northward in the case of climate policy, jus ...
... In this context, it is hardly surprising that the policy responses to climate change by Canada and the United States have been closely aligned. Those who follow Canadian and US politics also will not be surprised that the arrow of influence runs decidedly northward in the case of climate policy, jus ...
argentina - World Bank Group
... 2000)20 covering the years 1990, 1994, 1997 and 2000. The Inventory includes information on emissions from agriculture, livestock, land use and land use change, forestry and waste, providing disaggregated information by type of emission and type of agricultural resource. Studies related to climate c ...
... 2000)20 covering the years 1990, 1994, 1997 and 2000. The Inventory includes information on emissions from agriculture, livestock, land use and land use change, forestry and waste, providing disaggregated information by type of emission and type of agricultural resource. Studies related to climate c ...
Presenters
... models after the IPCC AR4 Session 6: Extreme events and regional climate change (part 2); Decadal A Nesting strategy ECHAM5-RegCM3 over West Africa to prediction and climate variability investigate regional climate change Session 6: Extreme events and regional climate change (part 2); Decadal Future ...
... models after the IPCC AR4 Session 6: Extreme events and regional climate change (part 2); Decadal A Nesting strategy ECHAM5-RegCM3 over West Africa to prediction and climate variability investigate regional climate change Session 6: Extreme events and regional climate change (part 2); Decadal Future ...
Loss and damage in a changing climate, Games for learning and
... Change (UNFCCC) approach critical thresholds in the year 2015, we collectively face the opportunity to examine the relationships between the HFA+ and an increasingly important mechanism under the UNFCCC: the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage under the Cancun Adaptation Framework. Ad ...
... Change (UNFCCC) approach critical thresholds in the year 2015, we collectively face the opportunity to examine the relationships between the HFA+ and an increasingly important mechanism under the UNFCCC: the Warsaw International Mechanism for Loss and Damage under the Cancun Adaptation Framework. Ad ...
Document
... Global warming refers to the increasing temperature of the Earth. Scientists think it is mainly caused by gases ___1___ when fuels such as coal and oil are burned. ___2___ the world burning more fuel than ever, global warming could mean big trouble for humans. It already has caused glaciers to melt, ...
... Global warming refers to the increasing temperature of the Earth. Scientists think it is mainly caused by gases ___1___ when fuels such as coal and oil are burned. ___2___ the world burning more fuel than ever, global warming could mean big trouble for humans. It already has caused glaciers to melt, ...
The role of HFCs in mitigating 21st century climate change
... model with a 300 m ocean mixed layer and a climate sensitivity of 0.8 (0.5 to 1.2) ◦ C/(W m−2 ) to simulate the tempo24 ral evolution of global mean surface temperature. The model also accounts for historical variations in the global mean radiative forcing to the system attributable to natural facto ...
... model with a 300 m ocean mixed layer and a climate sensitivity of 0.8 (0.5 to 1.2) ◦ C/(W m−2 ) to simulate the tempo24 ral evolution of global mean surface temperature. The model also accounts for historical variations in the global mean radiative forcing to the system attributable to natural facto ...
... restoring corals and educating the public and developing rescue and evacuation plans. Given the relative importance of tourism to the macroeconomy one possible option is to seek assistance from multilateral funding agencies. It is recommended that the government first undertake a detailed analysis o ...
Open Access - Lund University Publications
... Comparative study of selected Member States.................................................. 14 5.1 Germany from 1997-2008: The EU’s climate alibi? ....................................... 14 5.2 UK from 1997 to 2008: from coal nation to renewable energy frontrunner?................................. ...
... Comparative study of selected Member States.................................................. 14 5.1 Germany from 1997-2008: The EU’s climate alibi? ....................................... 14 5.2 UK from 1997 to 2008: from coal nation to renewable energy frontrunner?................................. ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).