Executive Summary - A New Climate for Peace
... The planet’s limited resources are under pressure. While the global marketplace provides a growing number of people with a seemingly unending flow of goods, too many people in developing countries struggle to meet their daily needs, with limited access to basic services and functional markets. Deman ...
... The planet’s limited resources are under pressure. While the global marketplace provides a growing number of people with a seemingly unending flow of goods, too many people in developing countries struggle to meet their daily needs, with limited access to basic services and functional markets. Deman ...
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... Over the last 30 years, the world has experienced significant temperature increases, particularly in the northern high latitudes (IPCC, 2001). The research results of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) show that the average temperature in Europe will increase from 2.1 to 4.4°C by 2050, ...
... Over the last 30 years, the world has experienced significant temperature increases, particularly in the northern high latitudes (IPCC, 2001). The research results of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) show that the average temperature in Europe will increase from 2.1 to 4.4°C by 2050, ...
Summary of UN-Habitat`s CCCI Climate Change Assessment for the
... A one-meter sea level rise (SLR) is likely to inundate coastlines and enhance coastal erosion affecting beaches cliffs and low-lying areas. In 1992 the National Mapping and Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA) of the Philippines estimated that a SLR of 100 cm will inundate a total area of 129,11 ...
... A one-meter sea level rise (SLR) is likely to inundate coastlines and enhance coastal erosion affecting beaches cliffs and low-lying areas. In 1992 the National Mapping and Resource Information Authority (NAMRIA) of the Philippines estimated that a SLR of 100 cm will inundate a total area of 129,11 ...
- UNM Digital Repository
... will cause a 2-4°C average global temperature increase, amplified to 1012'C at the North Pole-are essentially correct. Other climate model projections, such as regional patterns of precipitation, variations in polar ice cover, and seasonal variations in weather, are much more tentative due to the sp ...
... will cause a 2-4°C average global temperature increase, amplified to 1012'C at the North Pole-are essentially correct. Other climate model projections, such as regional patterns of precipitation, variations in polar ice cover, and seasonal variations in weather, are much more tentative due to the sp ...
A P R
... ineffective compliance enforcement by the Kyoto Protocol compliance committee, and eventual withdrawal from the Kyoto Protocol by Canada (Murtha, 2009; Oberthür, 2014). Recent, post-Cancun, discussions on the issue appear to have favored facilitative approaches as evidenced by the introduction of th ...
... ineffective compliance enforcement by the Kyoto Protocol compliance committee, and eventual withdrawal from the Kyoto Protocol by Canada (Murtha, 2009; Oberthür, 2014). Recent, post-Cancun, discussions on the issue appear to have favored facilitative approaches as evidenced by the introduction of th ...
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... the farmers’ behaviour is the result of targeted procurement6 of rice and wheat crops from this region by the Government of India at a guaranteed price, which is usually announced before the time of sowing of these crops. Climate change is no longer a future phenomenon but has turned into a reality. ...
... the farmers’ behaviour is the result of targeted procurement6 of rice and wheat crops from this region by the Government of India at a guaranteed price, which is usually announced before the time of sowing of these crops. Climate change is no longer a future phenomenon but has turned into a reality. ...
personal-use pdf file - Climate Research Division
... Shasta, Lake Oroville and Folsom Lake. Two aspects of the hydrologic system that could be affected by the climate change scenarios: changes to inflow timing, magnitude and duration and changes to drought persistence. Figure 2 shows monthly pattern of inflows to major reservoirs in the Sacramento Bas ...
... Shasta, Lake Oroville and Folsom Lake. Two aspects of the hydrologic system that could be affected by the climate change scenarios: changes to inflow timing, magnitude and duration and changes to drought persistence. Figure 2 shows monthly pattern of inflows to major reservoirs in the Sacramento Bas ...
21st century climate change in the European Alps—A review
... Based on ensembles of climate simulations, the best estimate of various aspects of expected climate change in this review is mostly expressed by the multi-model mean or median. In addition, the uncertainty or reliability is expressed by either comparing the results of several single simulations or b ...
... Based on ensembles of climate simulations, the best estimate of various aspects of expected climate change in this review is mostly expressed by the multi-model mean or median. In addition, the uncertainty or reliability is expressed by either comparing the results of several single simulations or b ...
challenges for future sustainable water resources management in
... To that regard it is interesting to note that the European Water Framework Directive increasingly recognizes that groundwater cannot be considered isolated from the regional hydrological cycle and the surface waters, but needs to be managed holistically. This idea is executed as part of Integrated ...
... To that regard it is interesting to note that the European Water Framework Directive increasingly recognizes that groundwater cannot be considered isolated from the regional hydrological cycle and the surface waters, but needs to be managed holistically. This idea is executed as part of Integrated ...
The Impact of Climate Change and Variability on Heavy
... 1 ◦ C increase in temperature. This comes from a wellestablished physical law (the Clausius–Clapeyron equation). In winter, as temperatures drop below freezing point, the air becomes “freeze dried” and at very low temperatures, below −10 ◦ C, snow tends to become very light with small flakes or even ...
... 1 ◦ C increase in temperature. This comes from a wellestablished physical law (the Clausius–Clapeyron equation). In winter, as temperatures drop below freezing point, the air becomes “freeze dried” and at very low temperatures, below −10 ◦ C, snow tends to become very light with small flakes or even ...
communicating climate change: closing the science
... condescending. Finally, when experts tell lay audiences about the technical aspects of climate change, typically in one-way communication, there is little room for dialogue, building a shared understanding of the problem and possible solutions. In short, science is not the most resonant grounding fo ...
... condescending. Finally, when experts tell lay audiences about the technical aspects of climate change, typically in one-way communication, there is little room for dialogue, building a shared understanding of the problem and possible solutions. In short, science is not the most resonant grounding fo ...
CEQ Draft Guidance on Consideration of the
... by the proposed action and the significance of climate change for those aspects of the affected environment” – “Agencies should consider the specific effects of the proposed action (including the proposed action’s effect on the vulnerability of affected ecosystems), the nexus of those effects with p ...
... by the proposed action and the significance of climate change for those aspects of the affected environment” – “Agencies should consider the specific effects of the proposed action (including the proposed action’s effect on the vulnerability of affected ecosystems), the nexus of those effects with p ...
Title Climate change awareness in a developing nations` second
... Climate change is a major issue facing today’s society. Successive reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) present ever stronger evidence of the anthropogenic influence on climate: observations of increased atmospheric and ocean temperature, widespread melting of snow and i ...
... Climate change is a major issue facing today’s society. Successive reports from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) present ever stronger evidence of the anthropogenic influence on climate: observations of increased atmospheric and ocean temperature, widespread melting of snow and i ...
Northward Shifts of the Distributions of Spanish Reptiles in
... out of 30 species were the families Colubridae and Lacertidae. If these families are prone to shift their distributions in response to changes in climate, this might bias results. We used analysis of variance to examine whether the distance the northern extent of the distribution shifted northward v ...
... out of 30 species were the families Colubridae and Lacertidae. If these families are prone to shift their distributions in response to changes in climate, this might bias results. We used analysis of variance to examine whether the distance the northern extent of the distribution shifted northward v ...
Climate and Sea Level Change
... activity contributes to this increase, but across models there is no significant correlation of the spatial standard deviation with model spatial resolution. This section evaluates sea level change between 1980 to 1999 and 2080 to 2099 projected by 16 models forced with SRES scenario A1B. (Other sce ...
... activity contributes to this increase, but across models there is no significant correlation of the spatial standard deviation with model spatial resolution. This section evaluates sea level change between 1980 to 1999 and 2080 to 2099 projected by 16 models forced with SRES scenario A1B. (Other sce ...
The global warming hiatus: Slowdown or redistribution?
... estimating temperature and OHC change in historically data-sparse ocean regions. While this does cause uncertainty in the estimation of OHC change, it does not obviate the use of global OHC integrals as a measure of global warming [Lyman et al., 2010; Boyer et al., 2016; Cheng et al., 2016]. Note th ...
... estimating temperature and OHC change in historically data-sparse ocean regions. While this does cause uncertainty in the estimation of OHC change, it does not obviate the use of global OHC integrals as a measure of global warming [Lyman et al., 2010; Boyer et al., 2016; Cheng et al., 2016]. Note th ...
Potential near future runoff changes in Croatia
... analyzed climate change between the periods 1961-1989 and 2071-2099. In their study, the increase in total precipitation and snow melt (due to a general increase of surface temperature in the A2 scenario) contributed to an increase of surface runoff in mountainous region over western U.S. In this st ...
... analyzed climate change between the periods 1961-1989 and 2071-2099. In their study, the increase in total precipitation and snow melt (due to a general increase of surface temperature in the A2 scenario) contributed to an increase of surface runoff in mountainous region over western U.S. In this st ...
Climate Change and Agricultural Production
... started. Annual losses in barley, maize, and wheat output due to global warming since 1981 amount to 40 million tons (or US$5 billion as of 2002),6 although these were offset by yield gains due to crop breeding and other agro-technology advances. It appears that high seasonal temperatures, beyond w ...
... started. Annual losses in barley, maize, and wheat output due to global warming since 1981 amount to 40 million tons (or US$5 billion as of 2002),6 although these were offset by yield gains due to crop breeding and other agro-technology advances. It appears that high seasonal temperatures, beyond w ...
Copernicus Climate Change Services
... Data rescue activities for in-situ and satellite observations Best practices in homogenisation and data reprocessing Metadata, traceability and transparency of climate data products Best practices for uncertainty characterization of climate data products ...
... Data rescue activities for in-situ and satellite observations Best practices in homogenisation and data reprocessing Metadata, traceability and transparency of climate data products Best practices for uncertainty characterization of climate data products ...
Chapter 4 The Ocean`s Role in the Hydrological Cycle
... The spatial distributions of these freshwater fluxes drive important patterns in regional and global ocean circulation, which are discussed in Chapter 5. The Southern Ocean (defined as all ocean area south of 60°S) deserves special mention due to its role in the storage of heat (and carbon) for the ...
... The spatial distributions of these freshwater fluxes drive important patterns in regional and global ocean circulation, which are discussed in Chapter 5. The Southern Ocean (defined as all ocean area south of 60°S) deserves special mention due to its role in the storage of heat (and carbon) for the ...
Philosophy of Climate Science Part II: Modelling
... the state of the climate system (projected into the climate model’s own domain) at the beginning of the period being simulated. The latter are values for any variables which affect the system but which are not directly output by the calculations. These include, for instance, the concentration of gre ...
... the state of the climate system (projected into the climate model’s own domain) at the beginning of the period being simulated. The latter are values for any variables which affect the system but which are not directly output by the calculations. These include, for instance, the concentration of gre ...
A PERIOD OF CONSEQUENCES: GLOBAL WARMING, SOCIAL
... particularly indigenous people, in remote regions of the planet, but what is happening there will eventually happen here too. Sea level rise will affect all coastal regions to some degree, and increased storm events, changes in weather patterns, heat waves and drought are all possible consequences ...
... particularly indigenous people, in remote regions of the planet, but what is happening there will eventually happen here too. Sea level rise will affect all coastal regions to some degree, and increased storm events, changes in weather patterns, heat waves and drought are all possible consequences ...
1 Changes in Hurricane Climatology in Recent Decades Anais Orsi
... loading in the stratosphere as ODS concentrations decline. However, emissions of other greenhouse gases such as CO2, methane and nitrous oxide can affect both tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry, and will have some effect on ozone recovery [IPCC, 2005]. Global warming CFCs are also greenhouse g ...
... loading in the stratosphere as ODS concentrations decline. However, emissions of other greenhouse gases such as CO2, methane and nitrous oxide can affect both tropospheric and stratospheric chemistry, and will have some effect on ozone recovery [IPCC, 2005]. Global warming CFCs are also greenhouse g ...
Mission Report Downscalling - Global Climate Change Alliance
... et al., 2000) and, although only about 26% of the world’s population resides within mountains or in the foothills of mountains (Meybeck et al., 2001), mountain-based resources indirectly provide sustenance for over half. Additionally, 40% of world’s population lives in watersheds of rivers originati ...
... et al., 2000) and, although only about 26% of the world’s population resides within mountains or in the foothills of mountains (Meybeck et al., 2001), mountain-based resources indirectly provide sustenance for over half. Additionally, 40% of world’s population lives in watersheds of rivers originati ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).