Intel Climate Change Policy
... expansion of the Internet has coincided, in a cause-and-effect manner, with a period of increasing energy efficiency in the U.S. economy. The ACEEE concluded that, “For every extra Kwh of electricity that has been demanded by ICT, the U.S. economy increased its overall energy savings by a factor of ...
... expansion of the Internet has coincided, in a cause-and-effect manner, with a period of increasing energy efficiency in the U.S. economy. The ACEEE concluded that, “For every extra Kwh of electricity that has been demanded by ICT, the U.S. economy increased its overall energy savings by a factor of ...
Climate sensitivity of shrub growth across the tundra biome
... and summer temperature and 4) the proportion of individuals that had significant linear relationships between growth and summer temperature (the best predictor from the overall analysis). We assessed these indices of climate sensitivity across abiotic (wet day frequency, soil moisture, growing seaso ...
... and summer temperature and 4) the proportion of individuals that had significant linear relationships between growth and summer temperature (the best predictor from the overall analysis). We assessed these indices of climate sensitivity across abiotic (wet day frequency, soil moisture, growing seaso ...
Adapting to climate change: A perspective from evolutionary
... future target of 450 ppm CO2 apparently within reasonable reach (IEA 2009). Whilst the IEA report is optimistic about the political feasibility of a 450 ppm target (compare this with the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios; IPCC 2000), and achieving such a target would certainly reduce the ex ...
... future target of 450 ppm CO2 apparently within reasonable reach (IEA 2009). Whilst the IEA report is optimistic about the political feasibility of a 450 ppm target (compare this with the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios; IPCC 2000), and achieving such a target would certainly reduce the ex ...
Work package No 2F: Ecosystems and Forests
... the nonliving environment (abiotic factors) interacting as a functional unit (Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005a). Assessing their changes under climate change therefore requires taking these complex interactions into account. For example, changes in abiotic components such as water availability ...
... the nonliving environment (abiotic factors) interacting as a functional unit (Millenium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005a). Assessing their changes under climate change therefore requires taking these complex interactions into account. For example, changes in abiotic components such as water availability ...
INTERREG IIIB ASTRA PROJECT Report on Generation, Use and
... Scenario: projections of a potential future, based on a clear logic and a quantified storyline. Scenario family: one or more scenarios that have the same demographic, politico-societal, economic and technological storyline. The SRES team defined four narrative storylines (see Figure 1), labelled A1, ...
... Scenario: projections of a potential future, based on a clear logic and a quantified storyline. Scenario family: one or more scenarios that have the same demographic, politico-societal, economic and technological storyline. The SRES team defined four narrative storylines (see Figure 1), labelled A1, ...
Centre for Philosophy of Natural and Social Science
... years of geological time.9 In their now-famous Tellus article, published in 1957, Suess and Revelle argued primarily for the importance of monitoring — a project commenced during the International Geophysical Year and pursued for the next four and half decades by Charles David Keeling. Political sci ...
... years of geological time.9 In their now-famous Tellus article, published in 1957, Suess and Revelle argued primarily for the importance of monitoring — a project commenced during the International Geophysical Year and pursued for the next four and half decades by Charles David Keeling. Political sci ...
european union climate funding for developing countries
... to combat tropical deforestation (REDD+) 2006-2014” analyses how this funding ...
... to combat tropical deforestation (REDD+) 2006-2014” analyses how this funding ...
Development of a system emulating the global carbon cycle in Earth
... Abstract. Recent studies have indicated that the uncertainty in the global carbon cycle may have a significant impact on the climate. Since state of the art models are too computationally expensive for it to be possible to explore their parametric uncertainty in anything approaching a comprehensive ...
... Abstract. Recent studies have indicated that the uncertainty in the global carbon cycle may have a significant impact on the climate. Since state of the art models are too computationally expensive for it to be possible to explore their parametric uncertainty in anything approaching a comprehensive ...
The significant climate warming in the northern Tibetan Plateau and
... The global climate has become warmer over the last century and is projected to undergo further warming during the next 100 years (e.g., Jones and Briffa, 1992; Meehl et al., 2007). The observed warming has not been globally uniform, and regional differences in the surface air temperature changes are ...
... The global climate has become warmer over the last century and is projected to undergo further warming during the next 100 years (e.g., Jones and Briffa, 1992; Meehl et al., 2007). The observed warming has not been globally uniform, and regional differences in the surface air temperature changes are ...
Citation
... (Pompe et al. 2008) may reveal where in the European landscape spatial changes in land use or spatial cohesion of habitat networks might provide a solutions to loss of biodiversity due to temperature rise. The challenge is to translate these threats to biodiversity into tangible and quantifiable fac ...
... (Pompe et al. 2008) may reveal where in the European landscape spatial changes in land use or spatial cohesion of habitat networks might provide a solutions to loss of biodiversity due to temperature rise. The challenge is to translate these threats to biodiversity into tangible and quantifiable fac ...
Article 2 of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change
... recognized that both natural and social systems adjust more easily to slow than to rapid change but the ability of natural systems to adjust was much more limited. Based on the expected responses of forests and coastlines to warming and sea level rise, respectively, the report proposed a target warm ...
... recognized that both natural and social systems adjust more easily to slow than to rapid change but the ability of natural systems to adjust was much more limited. Based on the expected responses of forests and coastlines to warming and sea level rise, respectively, the report proposed a target warm ...
european union climate funding for developing countries
... to combat tropical deforestation (REDD+) 2006-2014” analyses how this funding ...
... to combat tropical deforestation (REDD+) 2006-2014” analyses how this funding ...
Into Unknown Territory. The Limits to Adaptation and Reality of Loss
... The concept of loss and damage is increasingly important because we have not mitigated or adapted to climate change in time: whatever we do now, there will still be losses and irreversible impacts. Current emission reduction commitments are out of step with the scientific urgency of tackling climate ...
... The concept of loss and damage is increasingly important because we have not mitigated or adapted to climate change in time: whatever we do now, there will still be losses and irreversible impacts. Current emission reduction commitments are out of step with the scientific urgency of tackling climate ...
Controls of Global-Mean Precipitation Increases in
... conducted using coupled climate models collected for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). The change in precipitation, water vapor, clouds, and radiative heating of the atmosphere evident in the 1% increase in carbon dioxide until doubled (1pctto2x) sc ...
... conducted using coupled climate models collected for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report (AR4). The change in precipitation, water vapor, clouds, and radiative heating of the atmosphere evident in the 1% increase in carbon dioxide until doubled (1pctto2x) sc ...
The Nature of Science
... published scientific papers on climate change and assess these findings in comprehensive reports that are published ...
... published scientific papers on climate change and assess these findings in comprehensive reports that are published ...
Arctic and Alpine Permafrost
... • In addition to temperature changes, the patterns of precipitation would undoubtedly change annual totals would likely increase over the arctic mainland, although current regional projections are again quite variable between models. • Increase of 10 to 50% in summer and as much as 60% in winter ma ...
... • In addition to temperature changes, the patterns of precipitation would undoubtedly change annual totals would likely increase over the arctic mainland, although current regional projections are again quite variable between models. • Increase of 10 to 50% in summer and as much as 60% in winter ma ...
Arctic and Alpine Permafrost
... • In addition to temperature changes, the patterns of precipitation would undoubtedly change annual totals would likely increase over the arctic mainland, although current regional projections are again quite variable between models. • Increase of 10 to 50% in summer and as much as 60% in winter ma ...
... • In addition to temperature changes, the patterns of precipitation would undoubtedly change annual totals would likely increase over the arctic mainland, although current regional projections are again quite variable between models. • Increase of 10 to 50% in summer and as much as 60% in winter ma ...
Borehole paleoclimatology – the effect of deep lakes and “heat
... What are the magnitudes of the formation temperature perturbations (expressed through the reduced temperatures) caused by the lake? The results of calculations after Eqs. (4) and (8) are presented in Table 1 and Figs. 2 and 3. We have to note that bottom of the lake has a coordinate z=0 and because ...
... What are the magnitudes of the formation temperature perturbations (expressed through the reduced temperatures) caused by the lake? The results of calculations after Eqs. (4) and (8) are presented in Table 1 and Figs. 2 and 3. We have to note that bottom of the lake has a coordinate z=0 and because ...
The atmospheric water cycle How will it change in a
... Why is the global precipitation not increasing in spite of a warming temperature trend? Is this an observational problem or is it because global precipitation is not directly driven by temperature? There are indications from some regions that precipitation is indeed increasing. Is this an artefact b ...
... Why is the global precipitation not increasing in spite of a warming temperature trend? Is this an observational problem or is it because global precipitation is not directly driven by temperature? There are indications from some regions that precipitation is indeed increasing. Is this an artefact b ...
Sensitivity of Crop Water Need to 2071–95
... insignificant trends over Hispaniola since the 1900s but drying after 1978. In a study employing satellite data, Gamble et al. (Gamble et al. 2010) show a decrease in the standardized precipitation index over Jamaica, indicating more drought months between 1991 and 2008, as compared to 1979–91. Vali ...
... insignificant trends over Hispaniola since the 1900s but drying after 1978. In a study employing satellite data, Gamble et al. (Gamble et al. 2010) show a decrease in the standardized precipitation index over Jamaica, indicating more drought months between 1991 and 2008, as compared to 1979–91. Vali ...
Tropospheric adjustment induces a cloud component in
... The cloud components of forcing are surprising. Though of a smaller magnitude than FLN , both FLC and FSC are significantly different from zero at the 5% level; FLC < 0 and FSC > 0. As these terms have similar sizes, the net F = 3.3 ± 0.2 W m−2 is not very different from the clear-sky forcing. The p ...
... The cloud components of forcing are surprising. Though of a smaller magnitude than FLN , both FLC and FSC are significantly different from zero at the 5% level; FLC < 0 and FSC > 0. As these terms have similar sizes, the net F = 3.3 ± 0.2 W m−2 is not very different from the clear-sky forcing. The p ...
On forced temperature changes, internal variability
... data, respectively, under certain scaling assumptions. See supporting information for further details. The best fit to the observational NH series (82% variance explained) is achieved using an aerosol scaling factor of 1.2 (i.e., assuming that indirect aerosol forcing increases ERF by 20% relative to ...
... data, respectively, under certain scaling assumptions. See supporting information for further details. The best fit to the observational NH series (82% variance explained) is achieved using an aerosol scaling factor of 1.2 (i.e., assuming that indirect aerosol forcing increases ERF by 20% relative to ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).