Adaptations of forest ecosystems to air pollution
... California and China. In the IUFRO paper by Bohler et al. (2010), sapling clones of Populus tremula × P. alba were grown in charcoal-filtered air versus those exposed to 120 ppb ozone. Leaves were harvested weekly for biochemical and proteome analyses, allowing for a comparison between expanding a ...
... California and China. In the IUFRO paper by Bohler et al. (2010), sapling clones of Populus tremula × P. alba were grown in charcoal-filtered air versus those exposed to 120 ppb ozone. Leaves were harvested weekly for biochemical and proteome analyses, allowing for a comparison between expanding a ...
Multi-Basin Modelling of Future Hydrological Fluxes in the Indian
... tackle the problem of RCM misrepresentation is to bias correct the RCM data to make them reproduce historical observed statistics to the degree possible [17]. Different approaches to bias correction have been made, with various complexity [18]. Simpler methods include shifting long-term annual or se ...
... tackle the problem of RCM misrepresentation is to bias correct the RCM data to make them reproduce historical observed statistics to the degree possible [17]. Different approaches to bias correction have been made, with various complexity [18]. Simpler methods include shifting long-term annual or se ...
Emergence of polycentric climate governance and
... nation states, including local governments. Until recently, the literature on national policy offered only broad overviews of whole countries and/or non-cumulative case studies of specific polices and instruments. But attempts are now being made to assemble a fuller and more detailed picture, also b ...
... nation states, including local governments. Until recently, the literature on national policy offered only broad overviews of whole countries and/or non-cumulative case studies of specific polices and instruments. But attempts are now being made to assemble a fuller and more detailed picture, also b ...
The Diverse Role Of Humans Need to Broaden the Perspective Presented to
... and ranges in 2005 for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radia ...
... and ranges in 2005 for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radia ...
Common Knowledge? Public Understanding of Climate Change in
... thought to be largely ineffective in a context of inertia from influential institutions (business and government) in which people held little trust. However, where institutional realignment has occurred within the energy sector to provide renewable energy to householders, public involvement has been ...
... thought to be largely ineffective in a context of inertia from influential institutions (business and government) in which people held little trust. However, where institutional realignment has occurred within the energy sector to provide renewable energy to householders, public involvement has been ...
A plants perspective of extremes: terrestrial plant responses to
... Coumou, 2011; Seneviratne et al., 2012). More intense and longer droughts are observed, but at the same time the number of heavy precipitation events increased (Seneviratne et al., 2012 and references therein). Future projections on changes in climatic variability show strong spatial and temporal he ...
... Coumou, 2011; Seneviratne et al., 2012). More intense and longer droughts are observed, but at the same time the number of heavy precipitation events increased (Seneviratne et al., 2012 and references therein). Future projections on changes in climatic variability show strong spatial and temporal he ...
Ecological and Evolutionary Responses to Recent Climate Change
... agriculture: Planting and harvest dates (and associated climatic events such as day of last frost) have been well recorded, dating back hundreds of years for some crops. But the plethora of records also stems from the strong sociological significance of the change of the seasons, particularly in high ...
... agriculture: Planting and harvest dates (and associated climatic events such as day of last frost) have been well recorded, dating back hundreds of years for some crops. But the plethora of records also stems from the strong sociological significance of the change of the seasons, particularly in high ...
Factors Affecting Climate Change Mitigation Policy
... in understanding the success or failure of the causal path between ENGO advocacy for a policy and that policy’s failure or success. For example, an analysis of 4 periods of environmental policy-making in the Amazonian region of Brazil found that pro-environmental policy plans must be perceived as a ...
... in understanding the success or failure of the causal path between ENGO advocacy for a policy and that policy’s failure or success. For example, an analysis of 4 periods of environmental policy-making in the Amazonian region of Brazil found that pro-environmental policy plans must be perceived as a ...
A plant`s perspective of extremes: terrestrial plant responses to
... Coumou, 2011; Seneviratne et al., 2012). More intense and longer droughts are observed, but at the same time the number of heavy precipitation events increased (Seneviratne et al., 2012 and references therein). Future projections on changes in climatic variability show strong spatial and temporal he ...
... Coumou, 2011; Seneviratne et al., 2012). More intense and longer droughts are observed, but at the same time the number of heavy precipitation events increased (Seneviratne et al., 2012 and references therein). Future projections on changes in climatic variability show strong spatial and temporal he ...
Training Needs Assessment of Relevant Stakeholders
... security-trade issues Objectives achieved through training: • Increased knowledge on issues • Increased capacity to develop and implement policies ...
... security-trade issues Objectives achieved through training: • Increased knowledge on issues • Increased capacity to develop and implement policies ...
Analyzing payoffs in climate change negotiations
... As the US accounted for 36% of emissions in 1990, the withdrawal of the US meant that the Kyoto Protocol could only come into force if the EU, Russia, Japan and a coalition of other small parties ratified the treaty. Australia follows the US lead and withdraws support for Kyoto Australia followed t ...
... As the US accounted for 36% of emissions in 1990, the withdrawal of the US meant that the Kyoto Protocol could only come into force if the EU, Russia, Japan and a coalition of other small parties ratified the treaty. Australia follows the US lead and withdraws support for Kyoto Australia followed t ...
action kit - Climate Reality Project
... involved – this action kit will help you understand the challenge we face, the solutions we have today, and how together we can make a difference. Read on for a thorough look at the issue, including information on the basics of the climate crisis, the scientific consensus on how our climate is chang ...
... involved – this action kit will help you understand the challenge we face, the solutions we have today, and how together we can make a difference. Read on for a thorough look at the issue, including information on the basics of the climate crisis, the scientific consensus on how our climate is chang ...
20160718_request_submission_form_energy_efficiency_in_rac
... cooling systems in all the RAC Industries nationwide. More importantly, frequent meetings and stakeholders consultations will be required in the full implementation of the project. Most of the private institutions under RAC industries are located in the major urban centers nationwide thus to conduct ...
... cooling systems in all the RAC Industries nationwide. More importantly, frequent meetings and stakeholders consultations will be required in the full implementation of the project. Most of the private institutions under RAC industries are located in the major urban centers nationwide thus to conduct ...
How the UN System Supports Ambitious Action on Climate Change
... Under the auspices of UN-Energy, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs have worked with the Energy Commission of Ghana to explore policy options for increasing the use of low-carbon energy. The study used the IAEA energy planni ...
... Under the auspices of UN-Energy, the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and the United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs have worked with the Energy Commission of Ghana to explore policy options for increasing the use of low-carbon energy. The study used the IAEA energy planni ...
Ensemble modeling, uncertainty and robust predictions
... oday, many studies of future climate change take an ensemble modeling approach in which simulations of future conditions are produced with multiple climate models (or model versions), rather than just one. The need for multiple models stems from uncertainty about how to represent the climate system ...
... oday, many studies of future climate change take an ensemble modeling approach in which simulations of future conditions are produced with multiple climate models (or model versions), rather than just one. The need for multiple models stems from uncertainty about how to represent the climate system ...
How the United Nations System Supports Ambitious Action
... and droughts, raising sea levels, acidifying the ocean, melting sea and land ice, threatening plant and animal species, and affecting the spread of diseases. These emerging climate impacts are already aggravating other stresses on sustainable development, ranging from land degradation and resource d ...
... and droughts, raising sea levels, acidifying the ocean, melting sea and land ice, threatening plant and animal species, and affecting the spread of diseases. These emerging climate impacts are already aggravating other stresses on sustainable development, ranging from land degradation and resource d ...
Contributions of Stratospheric Water Vapor to Decadal Changes in
... that which would have occurred due only to carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. More limited data suggest that stratospheric water vapor probably increased between 1980 and 2000, which would have enhanced the decadal rate of surface warming during the 1990s by about 30% compared to estimates n ...
... that which would have occurred due only to carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. More limited data suggest that stratospheric water vapor probably increased between 1980 and 2000, which would have enhanced the decadal rate of surface warming during the 1990s by about 30% compared to estimates n ...
Peatlands and Their Role in the Global Carbon Cycle
... C exchange should be a major concern to global change scientists: Will large amounts of respired belowground C be released in a warmer climate, causing the climate to further warm (a positive climate feedback)? Will more C be sequestered due to increased plant growth in a warmer climate? How will la ...
... C exchange should be a major concern to global change scientists: Will large amounts of respired belowground C be released in a warmer climate, causing the climate to further warm (a positive climate feedback)? Will more C be sequestered due to increased plant growth in a warmer climate? How will la ...
Landscape Heritage, Biosphere Change, Climate Change
... Biosphere currently functions. It has become usual in Western civilization for people to operate on the basis that these processes are normally fairly stable, constant, orderly and predictable. However, phenomena such as significant rises in Global Mean Temperature will cause life to become increasi ...
... Biosphere currently functions. It has become usual in Western civilization for people to operate on the basis that these processes are normally fairly stable, constant, orderly and predictable. However, phenomena such as significant rises in Global Mean Temperature will cause life to become increasi ...
PDF
... One can imagine a situation in which climate change damages are fully internalized, i.e. the emitter of greenhouse gas emissions fully compensates those that suffer damages. In particular, one can imagine a set of international treaties which puts the obligation to pay compensation for damages cause ...
... One can imagine a situation in which climate change damages are fully internalized, i.e. the emitter of greenhouse gas emissions fully compensates those that suffer damages. In particular, one can imagine a set of international treaties which puts the obligation to pay compensation for damages cause ...
Response of the Arabian Sea to global warming and associated
... The February temperature in northwestern India and western Himalayas (see Fig. 1 for the geographic location) was computed by averaging the air temperature from that region in February, while all India monsoon rainfall was computed by averaging for the months June to September. The 5-year running me ...
... The February temperature in northwestern India and western Himalayas (see Fig. 1 for the geographic location) was computed by averaging the air temperature from that region in February, while all India monsoon rainfall was computed by averaging for the months June to September. The 5-year running me ...
Implications of climate change for grassland: impacts, adaptations
... Key words: climate, grassland, Europe, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide Introduction There is increasing evidence that the world’s climate is changing and that the rate of change since the onset of the industrial revolution is greater than would be expected from natural variability alone. The ...
... Key words: climate, grassland, Europe, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide Introduction There is increasing evidence that the world’s climate is changing and that the rate of change since the onset of the industrial revolution is greater than would be expected from natural variability alone. The ...
Chumbe Island Coral Park an Eco-tourism Destination Responding
... — Threats From, and To, Coastal Development, and the Implications for Ecotourism The development of coastal tourism infrastructure can both increase the overall vulnerability of a coastline (and other coastal infrastructure) to climate change impacts and be vulnerable to conditions caused by climate ...
... — Threats From, and To, Coastal Development, and the Implications for Ecotourism The development of coastal tourism infrastructure can both increase the overall vulnerability of a coastline (and other coastal infrastructure) to climate change impacts and be vulnerable to conditions caused by climate ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).