Business in a Climate- Constrained World
... the past generation, which has seen 663 million people—nearly 10 percent of the population—move from poverty to at least basic levels of comfort and dignity. With the potential for fundamental changes in our environment continuing to grow, the stakes for business could not be greater. We can no long ...
... the past generation, which has seen 663 million people—nearly 10 percent of the population—move from poverty to at least basic levels of comfort and dignity. With the potential for fundamental changes in our environment continuing to grow, the stakes for business could not be greater. We can no long ...
Extreme Heat Events - Minnesota Department of Health
... Three significant observations in this overall warming: Winter temperatures have been rising about twice as fast as annual average temperatures Minimum or 'overnight low' temperatures have been rising faster than the maximum temperature, or ‘daytime high’ Since the early 1980s, the temperatu ...
... Three significant observations in this overall warming: Winter temperatures have been rising about twice as fast as annual average temperatures Minimum or 'overnight low' temperatures have been rising faster than the maximum temperature, or ‘daytime high’ Since the early 1980s, the temperatu ...
Key Meteorological Indicators of Climate Change in Ireland Environmental Research Centre Report
... records for these sites extend back to 1890. Figure 2 shows an air temperature ...
... records for these sites extend back to 1890. Figure 2 shows an air temperature ...
Student Sheet 1.2: Where on Earth?
... Student Sheet 8.1: Modeling Storm Surge Background: The most dangerous part of a hurricane is the storm surge that forms on the water of the ocean or other body of water, such as a nearby lake. Low air pressure at the center of the hurricane draws water up into a hill that is higher than sea level, ...
... Student Sheet 8.1: Modeling Storm Surge Background: The most dangerous part of a hurricane is the storm surge that forms on the water of the ocean or other body of water, such as a nearby lake. Low air pressure at the center of the hurricane draws water up into a hill that is higher than sea level, ...
Working Paper - University of Sussex
... the climate research but the paper nonetheless ends (Section 7) with a research agenda for the economic impacts of climate change. Prior to that, I explore estimates of the total economic impact of climate change (Section 2), the distribution of those impacts across the world (Section 3), the impact ...
... the climate research but the paper nonetheless ends (Section 7) with a research agenda for the economic impacts of climate change. Prior to that, I explore estimates of the total economic impact of climate change (Section 2), the distribution of those impacts across the world (Section 3), the impact ...
Commentary of Adaptation Cost-Curves
... This problem will be particularly acute for the flood cost-curves. In this case, the cost-benefit and effectiveness will be highly sensitive to location (i.e. the hazard level in the region of the property), the attributes of the specific building, and importantly, the other adaptation measures alr ...
... This problem will be particularly acute for the flood cost-curves. In this case, the cost-benefit and effectiveness will be highly sensitive to location (i.e. the hazard level in the region of the property), the attributes of the specific building, and importantly, the other adaptation measures alr ...
Science Communication Research
... influence public perceptions of science and technology and the implications for effective communication. As described in a previously published AAAS white paper, much of the research has conceptualized communicatio ...
... influence public perceptions of science and technology and the implications for effective communication. As described in a previously published AAAS white paper, much of the research has conceptualized communicatio ...
Gaia and natural selection
... sense as they cannot be refined by natural selection19. The challenge is then to explain how Gaian properties could arise from natural selection at lower levels. The Daisyworld model20,21 (Box 1) provided a hypothetical example of planetary regulation emerging from competition and natural selection ...
... sense as they cannot be refined by natural selection19. The challenge is then to explain how Gaian properties could arise from natural selection at lower levels. The Daisyworld model20,21 (Box 1) provided a hypothetical example of planetary regulation emerging from competition and natural selection ...
the full-sized Document - University of Alberta
... sub-populations over the Arctic. The total number of polar bears around the world is thought to be less than 25,000.” George, Jane. "Arctic warming threatens polar bears, scientists warn," ...
... sub-populations over the Arctic. The total number of polar bears around the world is thought to be less than 25,000.” George, Jane. "Arctic warming threatens polar bears, scientists warn," ...
5. Conclusion: Political change in social
... drawing prescriptive conclusions from descriptive premises is a non sequitur: an ‘ought’ does not follow from an ‘is’ (Hume 2006 [1739]). With reference to climate change, neither the premise that warming of the climate system is ‘unequivocal’ (IPCC 2007b, p.5), nor that ‘[m]ost of the observed incr ...
... drawing prescriptive conclusions from descriptive premises is a non sequitur: an ‘ought’ does not follow from an ‘is’ (Hume 2006 [1739]). With reference to climate change, neither the premise that warming of the climate system is ‘unequivocal’ (IPCC 2007b, p.5), nor that ‘[m]ost of the observed incr ...
Close Examination of the Principle of Global Per
... meaningless, arbitrary. The argument is based on two preliminary, unsupported, assumptions: that earth’s ability to absorb GHG is owned by people, and that it should be owned equally. We could assume that the atmosphere belongs to no one, rendering the equal per-capita argument baseless, thereby jus ...
... meaningless, arbitrary. The argument is based on two preliminary, unsupported, assumptions: that earth’s ability to absorb GHG is owned by people, and that it should be owned equally. We could assume that the atmosphere belongs to no one, rendering the equal per-capita argument baseless, thereby jus ...
Ecosystems
... Not Included: Effects of over-harvesting, pollution, land-use change, habitat fragmentation (Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) ...
... Not Included: Effects of over-harvesting, pollution, land-use change, habitat fragmentation (Mt/Ag/EnSc/EnSt 404/504 - Global Change) ...
Agricultural adaptation to climatic variation
... powerful environmental constraint on many human activities. Among the most frequently cited human systems likely to be affected by climatic change are agriculture and food production. For example, the objectives of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (see Article 2) include as ...
... powerful environmental constraint on many human activities. Among the most frequently cited human systems likely to be affected by climatic change are agriculture and food production. For example, the objectives of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (see Article 2) include as ...
Quantifying the relative contribution of the climate and direct human
... trends appear to arise primarily from the increase in autumn precipitation [Small et al., 2006]. More recently, Luce and Holden [2009] examined changes to the distribution of annual streamflow from 43 gauges in the Pacific Northwest of the United States between 1948 and 2006, and they found that the ...
... trends appear to arise primarily from the increase in autumn precipitation [Small et al., 2006]. More recently, Luce and Holden [2009] examined changes to the distribution of annual streamflow from 43 gauges in the Pacific Northwest of the United States between 1948 and 2006, and they found that the ...
Liberal Media and Hollywood Push Climate Change Propaganda
... the actual scientists in the documentary. Disappear Into the Pacific Ocean as a Result of Climate On a related note, the journal Nature — one week Change.” Reuters ran the same propaganda, blaming prior to the screening of Climate Hustle — published “climate change.” Even Scientific American claimed ...
... the actual scientists in the documentary. Disappear Into the Pacific Ocean as a Result of Climate On a related note, the journal Nature — one week Change.” Reuters ran the same propaganda, blaming prior to the screening of Climate Hustle — published “climate change.” Even Scientific American claimed ...
Impact of climate change on ozone-related mortality and morbidity in Europe
... and morbidity. Significant negative health effects have been demonstrated for different causes, mainly for respiratory and (to a lesser extent) cardiovascular diseases [14]. The majority of epidemiological studies concentrated on acute health consequences (due to short-term very high concentrations ...
... and morbidity. Significant negative health effects have been demonstrated for different causes, mainly for respiratory and (to a lesser extent) cardiovascular diseases [14]. The majority of epidemiological studies concentrated on acute health consequences (due to short-term very high concentrations ...
Public Health in Canada and Adaptation to Infectious Disease Risks
... Have We Made Appropriate Assessments of Disease Risks for Developing Adaptation Methods? There is concern that climate change will drive the emergence or reemergence of infectious diseases via various mechanisms (Table 11.1). These processes could be impacted by declining investment in control progr ...
... Have We Made Appropriate Assessments of Disease Risks for Developing Adaptation Methods? There is concern that climate change will drive the emergence or reemergence of infectious diseases via various mechanisms (Table 11.1). These processes could be impacted by declining investment in control progr ...
Climate change, natural disasters and displacement: a
... place of origin will be based on a number of factors. The distinction between voluntary migration and forced displacement is blurred in this scenario, and it is hard to determine whether people fall into the category of internally displaced persons or that of migrants. However, many migrants are sim ...
... place of origin will be based on a number of factors. The distinction between voluntary migration and forced displacement is blurred in this scenario, and it is hard to determine whether people fall into the category of internally displaced persons or that of migrants. However, many migrants are sim ...
Climate –carbon cycle feedback analysis, results from the C MIP
... terrestrial carbon cycle model forced by several future climate scenarios taken from different OAGCMs . Again, both studies showed, regardless of the climate model used, a reduction of carbon uptake with climate change. Similarly, ocean studies have been performed with imposed atmospheric CO2 trajec ...
... terrestrial carbon cycle model forced by several future climate scenarios taken from different OAGCMs . Again, both studies showed, regardless of the climate model used, a reduction of carbon uptake with climate change. Similarly, ocean studies have been performed with imposed atmospheric CO2 trajec ...
Turn Down - Climate Analytics
... This report provides a snapshot of recent scientific literature and new analyses of likely impacts and risks that would be associated with a 4° Celsius warming within this century. It is a rigorous attempt to outline a range of risks, focusing on developing countries and especially the poor. A 4°C w ...
... This report provides a snapshot of recent scientific literature and new analyses of likely impacts and risks that would be associated with a 4° Celsius warming within this century. It is a rigorous attempt to outline a range of risks, focusing on developing countries and especially the poor. A 4°C w ...
Climate Changes Caucasus - WWF
... suffer from the lack of access to safe drinking water and water shortage is a particular problem in Azerbaijan and Armenia, where Azerbaijan has very high water consumption per capita. With regard to climate change, the Southern Caucasus region already shows climate induced changes with increasing t ...
... suffer from the lack of access to safe drinking water and water shortage is a particular problem in Azerbaijan and Armenia, where Azerbaijan has very high water consumption per capita. With regard to climate change, the Southern Caucasus region already shows climate induced changes with increasing t ...
Open file
... long range transport, and estimate radiative impact. 2. Estimate snow scavenging of aerosols and deposition of soot in ice and to study the physical, chemical and optical properties of aerosols in Snow and the corresponding changes in snow albedo. 3. Quantify the anthropogenic influence in Antarctic ...
... long range transport, and estimate radiative impact. 2. Estimate snow scavenging of aerosols and deposition of soot in ice and to study the physical, chemical and optical properties of aerosols in Snow and the corresponding changes in snow albedo. 3. Quantify the anthropogenic influence in Antarctic ...
Feedback Dynamics, Sensitivity - Apollo-Gaia
... complex feedback system is introduced. This allows a comprehensive overview of the inter-related factors which combine to amplify the effects of anthropogenic disturbance of the global climate. A semilog scale graphic simulator is constructed and used to map a series of historical attempts to quanti ...
... complex feedback system is introduced. This allows a comprehensive overview of the inter-related factors which combine to amplify the effects of anthropogenic disturbance of the global climate. A semilog scale graphic simulator is constructed and used to map a series of historical attempts to quanti ...
Intended National Determined Contribution (INDC)
... combat global warming, progressively outlining its own vision while complying with decisions taken collectively at the international level. Morocco's vision to address climate change is as follows: ...
... combat global warming, progressively outlining its own vision while complying with decisions taken collectively at the international level. Morocco's vision to address climate change is as follows: ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).