Key factors governing uncertainty in the response to sunshade
... two approaches differ in important ways, both allow identification of common responses and also of disagreement in model response. They can both be used to project likely outcomes and give some measure of the uncertainty of such projections. Furthermore, they highlight the most important and sensitiv ...
... two approaches differ in important ways, both allow identification of common responses and also of disagreement in model response. They can both be used to project likely outcomes and give some measure of the uncertainty of such projections. Furthermore, they highlight the most important and sensitiv ...
Climate Change and Health: Is There a Role for the Health Care
... vulnerable to many of the health effects of climate change. Existing illnesses and challenges in daily life are further complicated by disruptions in access to public services, displacement from homes and the need to migrate with limited transportation options, and increased stress as a result of ex ...
... vulnerable to many of the health effects of climate change. Existing illnesses and challenges in daily life are further complicated by disruptions in access to public services, displacement from homes and the need to migrate with limited transportation options, and increased stress as a result of ex ...
Republic of the Marshall Islands
... The RMI lies within an average of 2 meters above mean sea level. IPCC (2007) recorded that sea levels have been rising worldwide; the rise is now accelerating and expected to worsen over the next century. Monitoring in the RMI indicates that sea-level rise is already being observed at an average rat ...
... The RMI lies within an average of 2 meters above mean sea level. IPCC (2007) recorded that sea levels have been rising worldwide; the rise is now accelerating and expected to worsen over the next century. Monitoring in the RMI indicates that sea-level rise is already being observed at an average rat ...
3.1.13 Caspian Sea level fluctuations as a consequence of regional
... Even when the magnitude of climate forcing by changes in external factors such as solar radiation or absorbing gas concentration is known, it is a major task to translate such changes into an accurate assessment of the resulting climate change. This difficulty occurs primarily because the terrestria ...
... Even when the magnitude of climate forcing by changes in external factors such as solar radiation or absorbing gas concentration is known, it is a major task to translate such changes into an accurate assessment of the resulting climate change. This difficulty occurs primarily because the terrestria ...
Understanding Climate Variability : Implications for Water Resources
... Very Little of the Runoff Comes from Below 9000’ (16% Runoff, 87% of Area) 84% of Total Runoff Comes from 13% of the Basin Area – all above 9000’ ...
... Very Little of the Runoff Comes from Below 9000’ (16% Runoff, 87% of Area) 84% of Total Runoff Comes from 13% of the Basin Area – all above 9000’ ...
Update of Greenland Ice Sheet Mass Loss: Exponential?
... and Sato, 2012), so a new look at the data seems warranted. A crucial question is how rapidly the Greenland (or Antarctic) ice sheet can disintegrate in response to global warming. Earth's history makes it clear that burning all fossil fuels would cause eventual sea level rise of tens of meters, thu ...
... and Sato, 2012), so a new look at the data seems warranted. A crucial question is how rapidly the Greenland (or Antarctic) ice sheet can disintegrate in response to global warming. Earth's history makes it clear that burning all fossil fuels would cause eventual sea level rise of tens of meters, thu ...
Copernicus the EU`s Earth Observation Programme
... emissions from biomass burning daily and globally. A striking figure on the importance of such information for climate: 2015 emissions of CO2 from fires in Indonisia were higher than (estimated) total annual industrial emissions from Japan or Germany. ...
... emissions from biomass burning daily and globally. A striking figure on the importance of such information for climate: 2015 emissions of CO2 from fires in Indonisia were higher than (estimated) total annual industrial emissions from Japan or Germany. ...
Humanitarian Implications of Climate Change
... The Earth is warming. Evidence includes a well-documented increase in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising sea levels.7 This is triggering a shift in seasons, changes in when/how much rain falls in different parts of the world, and changes in extr ...
... The Earth is warming. Evidence includes a well-documented increase in global average air and ocean temperatures, widespread melting of snow and ice, and rising sea levels.7 This is triggering a shift in seasons, changes in when/how much rain falls in different parts of the world, and changes in extr ...
Canada`s Marine Coasts in a Changing Climate
... Canada is a coastal nation. All provinces and territories, This report takes a landscape approach in examining Canada’s with the exception of Alberta and Saskatchewan, share in marine coasts. While focus is placed on the shoreline as the the approximately 243 000 km of coastline (Taylor et al., inte ...
... Canada is a coastal nation. All provinces and territories, This report takes a landscape approach in examining Canada’s with the exception of Alberta and Saskatchewan, share in marine coasts. While focus is placed on the shoreline as the the approximately 243 000 km of coastline (Taylor et al., inte ...
Examining Links Between Religion, Evolution Views, and Climate
... We include a variety of other measures that could be related to science skepticism. Research has shown that attitudes about science are increasingly politicized (Gauchat, 2012; Hornsey et al., 2016), so we include a measure of political ideology. Our measure consists of one item that asked, “Would y ...
... We include a variety of other measures that could be related to science skepticism. Research has shown that attitudes about science are increasingly politicized (Gauchat, 2012; Hornsey et al., 2016), so we include a measure of political ideology. Our measure consists of one item that asked, “Would y ...
FRAMES IN REPORTS AND IN REPORTING: HOW FRAMING
... Instead of using words like famine or starvation, the report describes “access to food” being “compromised” and “food security” being “adversely affected.” These terms make crop failure and drought sound more like an inconvenience than a disaster. “Malnutrition”—itself a clinical term—is the only wo ...
... Instead of using words like famine or starvation, the report describes “access to food” being “compromised” and “food security” being “adversely affected.” These terms make crop failure and drought sound more like an inconvenience than a disaster. “Malnutrition”—itself a clinical term—is the only wo ...
Interactive responses of old-field plant growth and composition to
... changes will in turn affect the rate of climate change. Here we describe responses of an old-field herbaceous community to a factorial combination of four levels of warming (up to 4 °C) and three precipitation regimes (drought, ambient and rain addition) over 2 years. Warming suppressed total produc ...
... changes will in turn affect the rate of climate change. Here we describe responses of an old-field herbaceous community to a factorial combination of four levels of warming (up to 4 °C) and three precipitation regimes (drought, ambient and rain addition) over 2 years. Warming suppressed total produc ...
Recent Changes in Arctic Vegetation
... 8-km pixel and represents the peak greenness achieved during the summer. The Time-Integrated NDVI (TI-NDVI) is the sum of the biweekly NDVI values for the summer growing season. A threshold of 0.09 was used as a minimal value for green vegetation, based on an analysis of spring green-up (Jia et al. ...
... 8-km pixel and represents the peak greenness achieved during the summer. The Time-Integrated NDVI (TI-NDVI) is the sum of the biweekly NDVI values for the summer growing season. A threshold of 0.09 was used as a minimal value for green vegetation, based on an analysis of spring green-up (Jia et al. ...
Full text
... Delaunay triangulation. Data were provided by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (see Kellomäki et al. 2005). Both climate change scenarios show steady warming until the end of the 21st century (delta between first and last decade of the century CS2: +3.7°C; CS3: +3.1°C). Precipitatio ...
... Delaunay triangulation. Data were provided by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (see Kellomäki et al. 2005). Both climate change scenarios show steady warming until the end of the 21st century (delta between first and last decade of the century CS2: +3.7°C; CS3: +3.1°C). Precipitatio ...
Developing countries and the future of the Kyoto Protocol
... contributed only around one quarter of greenhouse gases from energy consumption now accumulated in the atmosphere. Energy use and emissions per person in developing countries on average are still only around a quarter of that in industrialized countries. Resources for economic restructuring are much ...
... contributed only around one quarter of greenhouse gases from energy consumption now accumulated in the atmosphere. Energy use and emissions per person in developing countries on average are still only around a quarter of that in industrialized countries. Resources for economic restructuring are much ...
A Kantian approach to sustainable development indicators for
... at the same time it is unclear to what extent the country in question is to blame. The indicator could then lose political influence. Global warming represents one of man's biggest environmental challenges. The objective of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC, 1992) is to stabilize ...
... at the same time it is unclear to what extent the country in question is to blame. The indicator could then lose political influence. Global warming represents one of man's biggest environmental challenges. The objective of the UN Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC, 1992) is to stabilize ...
A Proposed New Metric For Quantifying The Climatic Effects Of Human-Caused
... and ranges in 2005 for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radia ...
... and ranges in 2005 for anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), nitrous oxide (N2O) and other important agents and mechanisms, together with the typical geographical extent (spatial scale) of the forcing and the assessed level of scientific understanding (LOSU). The net anthropogenic radia ...
- Wiley Online Library
... in local climate patterns. We directly test this assumption using the largest and most comprehensive survey of Gulf Coast residents conducted to date supplemented with monthly temperature data from the U.S. Historical Climatology Network and extreme weather events data from National Climatic Data Ce ...
... in local climate patterns. We directly test this assumption using the largest and most comprehensive survey of Gulf Coast residents conducted to date supplemented with monthly temperature data from the U.S. Historical Climatology Network and extreme weather events data from National Climatic Data Ce ...
Records of post–Cretaceous-Tertiary boundary
... induced by reduction in incoming solar radiation caused by the sulfate aerosols generated by the bolide’s impact (e.g., Pope et al., 1997). Constraining the existence and duration of the impact winter is crucial for discriminating between various K-T boundary scenarios and should shed light on our k ...
... induced by reduction in incoming solar radiation caused by the sulfate aerosols generated by the bolide’s impact (e.g., Pope et al., 1997). Constraining the existence and duration of the impact winter is crucial for discriminating between various K-T boundary scenarios and should shed light on our k ...
United Nations Development Programme
... Promoting low emission and climate resilient urban and transport infrastructure. Access to new carbon finance mechanisms such as CDM UNDP also has experience in supporting MDGs and strengthening inclusive development, and has done work related to employment, livelihoods and social safety nets. W ...
... Promoting low emission and climate resilient urban and transport infrastructure. Access to new carbon finance mechanisms such as CDM UNDP also has experience in supporting MDGs and strengthening inclusive development, and has done work related to employment, livelihoods and social safety nets. W ...
Agricultural technologies for climate change in developing
... alternative to abandoning cultivation agriculture all together. Adopting such practices may not be technology intensive, but will almost certainly require investments in capacity building and agricultural extension. Furthermore, in some places, such investment simply will not pay and investments in ...
... alternative to abandoning cultivation agriculture all together. Adopting such practices may not be technology intensive, but will almost certainly require investments in capacity building and agricultural extension. Furthermore, in some places, such investment simply will not pay and investments in ...
from cnrs.fr - Station d`Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale
... could lead to overly optimistic predictions of range shifts with climate change when dispersal possibilities were restricted (Valladares et al. 2014). However, despite interesting modelling studies on interpopulation variation (Cobben et al. 2012; Valladares et al. 2014), the effects of intrapopulat ...
... could lead to overly optimistic predictions of range shifts with climate change when dispersal possibilities were restricted (Valladares et al. 2014). However, despite interesting modelling studies on interpopulation variation (Cobben et al. 2012; Valladares et al. 2014), the effects of intrapopulat ...
Emerging Research Area: Changing Ecosystems and Climate
... segments of the population most vulnerable to climate health outcomes, (heat stress, air pollution effects, waterand foodborne illness and vector-borne diseases), are children, outdoor workers and the elderly (which is a large and growing segment of our population). The economic effects of animal, p ...
... segments of the population most vulnerable to climate health outcomes, (heat stress, air pollution effects, waterand foodborne illness and vector-borne diseases), are children, outdoor workers and the elderly (which is a large and growing segment of our population). The economic effects of animal, p ...
Climate change impacts, adaptive capacity, and
... 2007). Atmospheric CO2 concentration in 2100 is projected to increase to at least 486 ppm (in some scenarios even beyond 1000 ppm) compared to the pre-industrial concentration of 280 ppm (Nakicenovic et al., 2000). Forests are particularly sensitive to climate change, because the long life-span of t ...
... 2007). Atmospheric CO2 concentration in 2100 is projected to increase to at least 486 ppm (in some scenarios even beyond 1000 ppm) compared to the pre-industrial concentration of 280 ppm (Nakicenovic et al., 2000). Forests are particularly sensitive to climate change, because the long life-span of t ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).