Current models broadly neglect specific needs of under climate change
... shifts and species turn-over [7-9]. The predicted changes include poleward range expansions, as well as shifts to higher elevations, and, in the case of species of the northern hemisphere, a decline of occurrence and abundance at the southern range boundaries [4,10]. If climatic alterations take pla ...
... shifts and species turn-over [7-9]. The predicted changes include poleward range expansions, as well as shifts to higher elevations, and, in the case of species of the northern hemisphere, a decline of occurrence and abundance at the southern range boundaries [4,10]. If climatic alterations take pla ...
Climate
... Wisconsin’s geographical setting gives rise to a rich set of climatic conditions that help shape our state’s environmental, social and economic resources. In the coming decades, we can anticipate that these influences on state resources will be affected in both expected and unexpected ways as our cl ...
... Wisconsin’s geographical setting gives rise to a rich set of climatic conditions that help shape our state’s environmental, social and economic resources. In the coming decades, we can anticipate that these influences on state resources will be affected in both expected and unexpected ways as our cl ...
Civil war, climate change and development: A scenario
... declines at an annual rate of 2.2 per cent, relative to its counterfactual. This is partly explained by reduced production but is also the result of a gradual loss of the capital stock. Capital-intensive and transaction-intensive sectors will be severely affected: manufacturing, construction, transp ...
... declines at an annual rate of 2.2 per cent, relative to its counterfactual. This is partly explained by reduced production but is also the result of a gradual loss of the capital stock. Capital-intensive and transaction-intensive sectors will be severely affected: manufacturing, construction, transp ...
LCCARL263_en.pdf
... changes in climate would eventually lead to a loss in welfare, and that that loss would be disproportionately spread across the various regions of the world. Temperature is considered to be the most important climate variable in the analysis of tourism demand because, outside a certain range, it aff ...
... changes in climate would eventually lead to a loss in welfare, and that that loss would be disproportionately spread across the various regions of the world. Temperature is considered to be the most important climate variable in the analysis of tourism demand because, outside a certain range, it aff ...
Mass v. EPA
... U.S. approach could differ from other climate regimes such as in European Union. U.S. regulators are proposing “command and control” approach to reduce GHGs, mandating both specific technology and operational changes to improve energy efficiency across all sectors. ...
... U.S. approach could differ from other climate regimes such as in European Union. U.S. regulators are proposing “command and control” approach to reduce GHGs, mandating both specific technology and operational changes to improve energy efficiency across all sectors. ...
![[pdf]](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/008848409_1-cbcfc4c3cc5f9daa1534bf2dca05c55a-300x300.png)
[pdf]
... 2. Models and simulations This study uses the outputs from the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) CMIP5 multimodel ensemble organized by the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5). Here ...
... 2. Models and simulations This study uses the outputs from the World Climate Research Program (WCRP) CMIP5 multimodel ensemble organized by the Program for Climate Model Diagnosis and Intercomparison (PCMDI) for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (AR5). Here ...
Forced Sahel rainfall trends in the CMIP5 archive.
... is achieved mostly by a tripling of carbon emission within this century, while sulfate emissions are cut to a quarter. Emission scenarios for a number of other greenhouse gases and atmospheric pollutants, as well as estimates of future changes in land use, are also specified. Irrespective of how mod ...
... is achieved mostly by a tripling of carbon emission within this century, while sulfate emissions are cut to a quarter. Emission scenarios for a number of other greenhouse gases and atmospheric pollutants, as well as estimates of future changes in land use, are also specified. Irrespective of how mod ...
IDRISI Selva Brochure
... of earth observation image time series such as monthly global sea surface temperature and vegetation index imagery. The Earth Trends Modeler (ETM) is a groundbreaking tool for the analysis of such data. With ETM, one can map long term trends, trends in seasonality (such as vegetation phenology) and ...
... of earth observation image time series such as monthly global sea surface temperature and vegetation index imagery. The Earth Trends Modeler (ETM) is a groundbreaking tool for the analysis of such data. With ETM, one can map long term trends, trends in seasonality (such as vegetation phenology) and ...
Losing Ground - Rocky Mountain Climate Organization
... far in advance. But each year, scientists learn more about how climate change already is affecting the planet and what consequences are likely to occur if current trends continue, including: Changing temperatures will reduce snowfall and snowpacks, change water supplies, and lead to more severe drou ...
... far in advance. But each year, scientists learn more about how climate change already is affecting the planet and what consequences are likely to occur if current trends continue, including: Changing temperatures will reduce snowfall and snowpacks, change water supplies, and lead to more severe drou ...
Provenance Trials in Alpine Range – Review and Perspectives for
... trees goes back to the 18th century. Early common garden experiments were often established in a consistent test design and aimed at identifying well growing and suitable seed sources for reforestation. Langlet [73] credits the comparative cultures of pine established by H.L. Duhamel du Monceau betw ...
... trees goes back to the 18th century. Early common garden experiments were often established in a consistent test design and aimed at identifying well growing and suitable seed sources for reforestation. Langlet [73] credits the comparative cultures of pine established by H.L. Duhamel du Monceau betw ...
The Impact of Climate Change on the Agricultural Sector
... the Industrial Revolution which was accompanied by a rapid increase of fossil fuel consumption. This issue has attracted international interests as the scientific knowledge of climate has accumulated since the 1970s and it has been widely accepted by scientists that the anthropogenic greenhouse gas ...
... the Industrial Revolution which was accompanied by a rapid increase of fossil fuel consumption. This issue has attracted international interests as the scientific knowledge of climate has accumulated since the 1970s and it has been widely accepted by scientists that the anthropogenic greenhouse gas ...
Climate Change Policies in New York State
... United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and negotiated several international agreements, such as the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, and most notably the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, which came into effect in February 2005 [7]. 3 In February 2007, the IPCC released its Fourth ...
... United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and negotiated several international agreements, such as the 1992 Earth Summit in Rio de Janeiro, and most notably the Kyoto Protocol in 1997, which came into effect in February 2005 [7]. 3 In February 2007, the IPCC released its Fourth ...
Climate Change in Southeast Asia
... world. Increasing heat and water stresses, extreme weather events, and climate-associated pests and diseases have all contributed to the decline in agricultural production potential in many parts of the region. Thousands of hectares devoted to rice production have been damaged by frequent flooding i ...
... world. Increasing heat and water stresses, extreme weather events, and climate-associated pests and diseases have all contributed to the decline in agricultural production potential in many parts of the region. Thousands of hectares devoted to rice production have been damaged by frequent flooding i ...
Adapting to Climate Change in Ottawa
... climate change impacts and adaptation. Dr. Pearson began by stating that Canada has already experienced climate change with significant warming in the west and northwest up to 2°C and cooling in the east due to the warming of the Arctic and subsequent flow of cold Arctic water along the eastern shor ...
... climate change impacts and adaptation. Dr. Pearson began by stating that Canada has already experienced climate change with significant warming in the west and northwest up to 2°C and cooling in the east due to the warming of the Arctic and subsequent flow of cold Arctic water along the eastern shor ...
climate change in the american mind
... Overall, Americans' beliefs and attitudes about global warming have remained relatively stable over the past several months, with a few exceptions. There has been a slight increase in the proportion of people that believe global warming is happening and a slight decrease in the proportion that belie ...
... Overall, Americans' beliefs and attitudes about global warming have remained relatively stable over the past several months, with a few exceptions. There has been a slight increase in the proportion of people that believe global warming is happening and a slight decrease in the proportion that belie ...
LCCARL418_en.pdf
... these modules defines the type and magnitude of economic shocks on the basis of a climate change scenario, the second module is a global Computable General Equilibrium model with a special regional and industrial classification and the third module processes the output of the CGE model to get more d ...
... these modules defines the type and magnitude of economic shocks on the basis of a climate change scenario, the second module is a global Computable General Equilibrium model with a special regional and industrial classification and the third module processes the output of the CGE model to get more d ...
NATIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE POLICY - Indus Valley School of Art
... crop growth cycle is related to temperature, an increase in temperature will speed up crop growth and shorten the duration between sowing and harvesting. This shortening could have an adverse effect on productivity of food and fodder crops. Similarly the hydrological cycle is also likely to be influ ...
... crop growth cycle is related to temperature, an increase in temperature will speed up crop growth and shorten the duration between sowing and harvesting. This shortening could have an adverse effect on productivity of food and fodder crops. Similarly the hydrological cycle is also likely to be influ ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... Research Volume Title: The Economics of Climate Change: Adaptations Past and...
... Robert S. Pindyck is the Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi Professor of Economics and Finance at the Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and a research associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research. My thanks to Andrew Yoon for his excellent research assistance and to L ...
... Robert S. Pindyck is the Bank of Tokyo-Mitsubishi Professor of Economics and Finance at the Sloan School of Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and a research associate of the National Bureau of Economic Research. My thanks to Andrew Yoon for his excellent research assistance and to L ...
How is the stratosphere-troposphere coupling af
... Baldwin et al., 1994; Perlwitz and Graf, 1995; Kodera et al., 1996; Kitoh et al., 1996). During northern winter, a high correlation exists between the intensity of the stratospheric polar vortex and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in the middle troposphere (e.g., Schnadt and Dameris, 2003) whic ...
... Baldwin et al., 1994; Perlwitz and Graf, 1995; Kodera et al., 1996; Kitoh et al., 1996). During northern winter, a high correlation exists between the intensity of the stratospheric polar vortex and the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) in the middle troposphere (e.g., Schnadt and Dameris, 2003) whic ...
open access
... and population diversity can enhance species persistence by enabling evolutionary adaptation or range shifts as conditions change. In turn, population, species, and community diversity can support ecosystem state transitions, shifts in an ecosystem’s geographic boundaries (e.g., inland migration by ...
... and population diversity can enhance species persistence by enabling evolutionary adaptation or range shifts as conditions change. In turn, population, species, and community diversity can support ecosystem state transitions, shifts in an ecosystem’s geographic boundaries (e.g., inland migration by ...
Slide PPT
... with the climate system. Such a level should be achieved within a time frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner”. “Climate Sensitivity” (a doubling ...
... with the climate system. Such a level should be achieved within a time frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner”. “Climate Sensitivity” (a doubling ...
Climate change and coral reefs – key issues and risks for the
... Smaller-‐scale or patchy coral bleaching is often associated with short-‐term changes in the reef environment: cold snaps, unusually high levels of solar irradiance, sedimentation, freshwater, and disease. Howev ...
... Smaller-‐scale or patchy coral bleaching is often associated with short-‐term changes in the reef environment: cold snaps, unusually high levels of solar irradiance, sedimentation, freshwater, and disease. Howev ...
Commentary of Adaptation Cost-Curves
... This problem will be particularly acute for the flood cost-curves. In this case, the cost-benefit and effectiveness will be highly sensitive to location (i.e. the hazard level in the region of the property), the attributes of the specific building, and importantly, the other adaptation measures alr ...
... This problem will be particularly acute for the flood cost-curves. In this case, the cost-benefit and effectiveness will be highly sensitive to location (i.e. the hazard level in the region of the property), the attributes of the specific building, and importantly, the other adaptation measures alr ...
Key Meteorological Indicators of Climate Change in Ireland Environmental Research Centre Report
... records for these sites extend back to 1890. Figure 2 shows an air temperature ...
... records for these sites extend back to 1890. Figure 2 shows an air temperature ...
Attribution of recent climate change
Attribution of recent climate change is the effort to scientifically ascertain mechanisms responsible for recent changes observed in the Earth's climate, commonly known as 'global warming'. The effort has focused on changes observed during the period of instrumental temperature record, when records are most reliable; particularly in the last 50 years, when human activity has grown fastest and observations of the troposphere have become available. The dominant mechanisms (to which recent climate change has been attributed) are anthropogenic, i.e., the result of human activity. They are: increasing atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases global changes to land surface, such as deforestation increasing atmospheric concentrations of aerosols.There are also natural mechanisms for variation including climate oscillations, changes in solar activity, and volcanic activity.According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), it is ""extremely likely"" that human influence was the dominant cause of global warming between 1951 and 2010. The IPCC defines ""extremely likely"" as indicating a probability of 95 to 100%, based on an expert assessment of all the available evidence.Multiple lines of evidence support attribution of recent climate change to human activities: A basic physical understanding of the climate system: greenhouse gas concentrations have increased and their warming properties are well-established. Historical estimates of past climate changes suggest that the recent changes in global surface temperature are unusual. Computer-based climate models are unable to replicate the observed warming unless human greenhouse gas emissions are included. Natural forces alone (such as solar and volcanic activity) cannot explain the observed warming.The IPCC's attribution of recent global warming to human activities is a view shared by most scientists, and is also supported by 196 other scientific organizations worldwide (see also: scientific opinion on climate change).