The Paris Agreement Summary
... five years, and a system for tracking countries’ progress towards meeting their mitigation goals. The coalition succeeded in integrating all four items into the new Agreement. While Parties could not agree on a specific date at which global emissions have to peak, the Agreement states that such a pe ...
... five years, and a system for tracking countries’ progress towards meeting their mitigation goals. The coalition succeeded in integrating all four items into the new Agreement. While Parties could not agree on a specific date at which global emissions have to peak, the Agreement states that such a pe ...
Climate-change studies in the western Himalaya
... during the late 20th century. They also found that the rate of decrease of minimum temperature is three times that of the rate of decrease of maximum temperature, indicating that the minimum temperature is the larger contributor to the cooling trend in the pre-monsoon mean temperature. The temperatu ...
... during the late 20th century. They also found that the rate of decrease of minimum temperature is three times that of the rate of decrease of maximum temperature, indicating that the minimum temperature is the larger contributor to the cooling trend in the pre-monsoon mean temperature. The temperatu ...
MHCJCDivestmentProposal
... of the world, climate change impacts may be in the future, for many other parts of the world, especially where vulnerable populations with low resilience and capacity to cope, climate change impacts are already being negatively felt. In the July 2014 White House report, “The Cost of Delaying Action ...
... of the world, climate change impacts may be in the future, for many other parts of the world, especially where vulnerable populations with low resilience and capacity to cope, climate change impacts are already being negatively felt. In the July 2014 White House report, “The Cost of Delaying Action ...
Module 1
... A. Sea levels have risen by 10 – 20 cm. This is due to the expansion of warming oceans. Temperature records show that the average temperature has increased by about 0.6ºC in the 20th century. B. The Kyoto Protocol (1997) commits industrialised countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. It s ...
... A. Sea levels have risen by 10 – 20 cm. This is due to the expansion of warming oceans. Temperature records show that the average temperature has increased by about 0.6ºC in the 20th century. B. The Kyoto Protocol (1997) commits industrialised countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. It s ...
checklist-toward-zero-carbon-updated-7-22-09
... Melting polar ice will soon disintegrate, raising oceans to threaten the existence of Miami, New York, Shanghai, Jakarta, Calcutta, Lagos, London and other cities. The polar bears are going to die. And 20 to 40% of animal species will be extinct by mid-century. The tropics are turning to desert. Mon ...
... Melting polar ice will soon disintegrate, raising oceans to threaten the existence of Miami, New York, Shanghai, Jakarta, Calcutta, Lagos, London and other cities. The polar bears are going to die. And 20 to 40% of animal species will be extinct by mid-century. The tropics are turning to desert. Mon ...
building strong
... Sum of monthly Temp avg where Temp avg >= 5 deg C Integer number of consecutive months where Temp avg >= 5 deg C Available water holding capacity of soil Bulk density of soil Carbon content of soil Nitrogen content of soil Compound topographic index (relative wetness) Solar interception Day/night di ...
... Sum of monthly Temp avg where Temp avg >= 5 deg C Integer number of consecutive months where Temp avg >= 5 deg C Available water holding capacity of soil Bulk density of soil Carbon content of soil Nitrogen content of soil Compound topographic index (relative wetness) Solar interception Day/night di ...
Potential for Abrupt Changes in Atmospheric Methane
... capturing large-scale changes in emissions, but it is insufficient for attributing changes in emissions to one specific type of source. ...
... capturing large-scale changes in emissions, but it is insufficient for attributing changes in emissions to one specific type of source. ...
Resilience an approach for urban climate change
... example of urban micro climate change. A study in Taiwan also note that, when increased 100W/m2 of AH (anthropogenic heat) in the model, the average surface temperature could increased nearly 0,3oC in Taipei. (Chuan-Yao Lin et. al., 2008). Characteristics of rapidly urbanizing areas include populati ...
... example of urban micro climate change. A study in Taiwan also note that, when increased 100W/m2 of AH (anthropogenic heat) in the model, the average surface temperature could increased nearly 0,3oC in Taipei. (Chuan-Yao Lin et. al., 2008). Characteristics of rapidly urbanizing areas include populati ...
Modeling dynamics of tundra plant communities on the Yamal
... community composition, explaining about 13% of the total variance in model simulations for all arctic tundra subzones. The decrease in biomass of lichen, deciduous shrub and graminoid plant functional types caused by grazing is potentially dampened by climate warming. Moss biomass had a nonlinear re ...
... community composition, explaining about 13% of the total variance in model simulations for all arctic tundra subzones. The decrease in biomass of lichen, deciduous shrub and graminoid plant functional types caused by grazing is potentially dampened by climate warming. Moss biomass had a nonlinear re ...
Signatures of the Antarctic ozone hole in Southern Hemisphere
... predicted by the CCMVal models, and is thus necessarily different from experiment to experiment. Arguably the most compelling model support for a causal link between the ozone hole and surface climate is derived from experiments in which only concentrations of (1) stratospheric ozone or (2) ozone-de ...
... predicted by the CCMVal models, and is thus necessarily different from experiment to experiment. Arguably the most compelling model support for a causal link between the ozone hole and surface climate is derived from experiments in which only concentrations of (1) stratospheric ozone or (2) ozone-de ...
What shapes perceptions of climate change?
... phenomena or environments from personal experience versus from being provided with a statistical (typically numeric or graphic) description of possible outcomes and their likelihood.16 This distinction between learning from experience versus learning from description has received much attention beca ...
... phenomena or environments from personal experience versus from being provided with a statistical (typically numeric or graphic) description of possible outcomes and their likelihood.16 This distinction between learning from experience versus learning from description has received much attention beca ...
The Role of US Households in Global Carbon
... greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These reports are organized around the major sectors of the economy (henceforth referred to as the Sectoral approach) and provide a macro-level overview of US GHG emissions. Another way household GHG emissions are often reported is based on various energy end uses – s ...
... greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. These reports are organized around the major sectors of the economy (henceforth referred to as the Sectoral approach) and provide a macro-level overview of US GHG emissions. Another way household GHG emissions are often reported is based on various energy end uses – s ...
Wildlife in Hot Water - National Wildlife Federation
... protections to more than half of the nation’s streams and millions of acres of wetlands. For more than a decade, many of our nation’s waters were stuck in a legal limbo that compromised federal enforcement in more than 500 pollution cases and increased the rate of wetlands loss by 140 percent. With ...
... protections to more than half of the nation’s streams and millions of acres of wetlands. For more than a decade, many of our nation’s waters were stuck in a legal limbo that compromised federal enforcement in more than 500 pollution cases and increased the rate of wetlands loss by 140 percent. With ...
Federal Climate Change Legislation as If the States Matter
... to do the job but left a significant role for states both in implementing the federal model and continuing to act. As a result, state environmental protection and natural resource agencies have become larger, better funded, more professionally staffed, and more effective than they were in 1970. For ...
... to do the job but left a significant role for states both in implementing the federal model and continuing to act. As a result, state environmental protection and natural resource agencies have become larger, better funded, more professionally staffed, and more effective than they were in 1970. For ...
Climate change and extreme weather events: can developing
... • Landslides, mudflows and saline water intrusion. being adjusted for inflation—rising by a factor of 9 and insured losses by a factor of not less than 15 (Fig. 4) (Munich Re, 1999). The extreme weather events have generated enormous pressure on poor economies, shattered infrastructure and made the ...
... • Landslides, mudflows and saline water intrusion. being adjusted for inflation—rising by a factor of 9 and insured losses by a factor of not less than 15 (Fig. 4) (Munich Re, 1999). The extreme weather events have generated enormous pressure on poor economies, shattered infrastructure and made the ...
Climate research Africa - Deutsches Klima Konsortium
... African countries vulnerable to the effects of climate change. There is thus a need to improve climate forecasting for Africa on seasonal, decadal and longer time scales. Feedbacks and tele-connections in the Earth system: Consequences for the semi-arid regions As the oceans warm, enhanced evaporati ...
... African countries vulnerable to the effects of climate change. There is thus a need to improve climate forecasting for Africa on seasonal, decadal and longer time scales. Feedbacks and tele-connections in the Earth system: Consequences for the semi-arid regions As the oceans warm, enhanced evaporati ...
Assessing the adequacy of current fisheries
... already represent growth as year-dependent; or changes to the von Bertalanffy growth parameters (as in this example) could be used as a proxy. One of the biggest challenges is modifying the stock –recruit relationships in more classic stock assessment models (Hollowed et al., 2009; Schirripa et al., ...
... already represent growth as year-dependent; or changes to the von Bertalanffy growth parameters (as in this example) could be used as a proxy. One of the biggest challenges is modifying the stock –recruit relationships in more classic stock assessment models (Hollowed et al., 2009; Schirripa et al., ...
39_219_130990670009423533-Submission to UNFCCC Feb 03
... Implementation Strategy” which among others aspects identifies climate change resilience interventions at strategic level to be implemented by different climate change actors both in government and non-government organization. The NCCP provides opportunity to direct investment by sectors for strengt ...
... Implementation Strategy” which among others aspects identifies climate change resilience interventions at strategic level to be implemented by different climate change actors both in government and non-government organization. The NCCP provides opportunity to direct investment by sectors for strengt ...
Predicting future oceans: climate
... surface oxygen concentration emerges much earlier in the Southern Ocean. When examining projections for all four properties together, the patterns of CO2 emission-driven changes emerge in 41% of the global ocean from 2005 to 2014 and 63% from 2075 to 2084. The combined changes in properties emerge m ...
... surface oxygen concentration emerges much earlier in the Southern Ocean. When examining projections for all four properties together, the patterns of CO2 emission-driven changes emerge in 41% of the global ocean from 2005 to 2014 and 63% from 2075 to 2084. The combined changes in properties emerge m ...
39_219_130990670009423533-Submission to UNFCCC Feb 03
... Implementation Strategy” which among others aspects identifies climate change resilience interventions at strategic level to be implemented by different climate change actors both in government and non-government organization. The NCCP provides opportunity to direct investment by sectors for strengt ...
... Implementation Strategy” which among others aspects identifies climate change resilience interventions at strategic level to be implemented by different climate change actors both in government and non-government organization. The NCCP provides opportunity to direct investment by sectors for strengt ...
Energy-Water-Climate Change Scenario Report
... In June, 2014, WECC introduced its new Integrated Reliability Assurance Model, which outlines the process through which WECC will identify, analyze, and address the top reliability challenges facing the Western Interconnection. One of the identified challenges is the impacts of climate changes. Clim ...
... In June, 2014, WECC introduced its new Integrated Reliability Assurance Model, which outlines the process through which WECC will identify, analyze, and address the top reliability challenges facing the Western Interconnection. One of the identified challenges is the impacts of climate changes. Clim ...
Cambodia - Climate Change Knowledge Portal
... Since 1960, the frequency of ‘hot’ days 8 has increased significantly (+46, with strongest increases noted in September- November), as has the frequency of ‘hot’ nights (+63, with strongest increases noted in December-February). The frequency of ‘cold’ days9 has decreased significantly in September- ...
... Since 1960, the frequency of ‘hot’ days 8 has increased significantly (+46, with strongest increases noted in September- November), as has the frequency of ‘hot’ nights (+63, with strongest increases noted in December-February). The frequency of ‘cold’ days9 has decreased significantly in September- ...
Influences of species, latitudes and methodologies on estimates of
... New analyses are presented addressing the global impacts of recent climate change on phenology of plant and animal species. A meta-analysis spanning 203 species was conducted on published datasets from the northern hemisphere. Phenological response was examined with respect to two factors: distribut ...
... New analyses are presented addressing the global impacts of recent climate change on phenology of plant and animal species. A meta-analysis spanning 203 species was conducted on published datasets from the northern hemisphere. Phenological response was examined with respect to two factors: distribut ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""