Pinus halepensis Plasticity in Dendroclimatic Response across the )
... generally higher and precipitation lower than the regional average, reduced growth was also associated with warm and dry conditions. In the northern part, where the average temperature was lower and the precipitation more abundant than the regional average, reduced growth was associated with cool co ...
... generally higher and precipitation lower than the regional average, reduced growth was also associated with warm and dry conditions. In the northern part, where the average temperature was lower and the precipitation more abundant than the regional average, reduced growth was associated with cool co ...
Korea University International Summer Campus 2017 ISC392
... biological communities living in balance with their environment (including mankind’s interconnection with Nature). In addition to their inherent values, diverse ecosystems also provide the foundation for human livelihoods and well-being. However, the size and scale of the human enterprise have grown ...
... biological communities living in balance with their environment (including mankind’s interconnection with Nature). In addition to their inherent values, diverse ecosystems also provide the foundation for human livelihoods and well-being. However, the size and scale of the human enterprise have grown ...
National Security and the Threat of Climate Change
... many of their recommendations have yet to be implemented. Doing so would have the added benefit of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. 5. The Department of Defense should conduct an assessment of the impact on U.S. military installations worldwide of rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and othe ...
... many of their recommendations have yet to be implemented. Doing so would have the added benefit of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. 5. The Department of Defense should conduct an assessment of the impact on U.S. military installations worldwide of rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and othe ...
Key factors governing uncertainty in the response to sunshade
... their results and allowing the potential climate consequences of solar geoengineering and its uncertainties to be evaluated. GeoMIP was envisioned as a way to create a multimodel ensemble (MME) of many different GCMs, but the strategy is equally applicable to perturbed parameter ensembles (PPE) of s ...
... their results and allowing the potential climate consequences of solar geoengineering and its uncertainties to be evaluated. GeoMIP was envisioned as a way to create a multimodel ensemble (MME) of many different GCMs, but the strategy is equally applicable to perturbed parameter ensembles (PPE) of s ...
Rapid climate change and no-analog vegetation in lowland Central
... 2006; Wang and Lee, 2007). Weakening (strengthening) of AMOC would be expected to reduce (expand) the geographic extent of the AWP, decreasing (increasing) precipitation and temperature regimes in the Central American lowlands and Caribbean (Hodell et al., 2008). An understanding of the past linkage ...
... 2006; Wang and Lee, 2007). Weakening (strengthening) of AMOC would be expected to reduce (expand) the geographic extent of the AWP, decreasing (increasing) precipitation and temperature regimes in the Central American lowlands and Caribbean (Hodell et al., 2008). An understanding of the past linkage ...
a new report
... many of their recommendations have yet to be implemented. Doing so would have the added benefit of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. 5. The Department of Defense should conduct an assessment of the impact on U.S. military installations worldwide of rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and othe ...
... many of their recommendations have yet to be implemented. Doing so would have the added benefit of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. 5. The Department of Defense should conduct an assessment of the impact on U.S. military installations worldwide of rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and othe ...
Projecting global marine biodiversity impacts
... predictions can agree reasonably well with observations (e.g. Araújo et al. 2005). Moreover, the approach can be improved by incorporating critical processes such as dispersal and population dynamics (Guisan and Thuiller 2005; Cheung et al. 2008a). Thus, projections from such models are valuable in ...
... predictions can agree reasonably well with observations (e.g. Araújo et al. 2005). Moreover, the approach can be improved by incorporating critical processes such as dispersal and population dynamics (Guisan and Thuiller 2005; Cheung et al. 2008a). Thus, projections from such models are valuable in ...
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... and climate scenarios were also examined and the implications on the cost of carbon sequestration over the next 100 years presented. www.metla.fi/dissertationes/df42.pdf Voluntary guidelines for the responsible management of planted forests (2006) These non-legally binding FAO guidelines may be adop ...
... and climate scenarios were also examined and the implications on the cost of carbon sequestration over the next 100 years presented. www.metla.fi/dissertationes/df42.pdf Voluntary guidelines for the responsible management of planted forests (2006) These non-legally binding FAO guidelines may be adop ...
Resistance to change: A social psychological
... be more resistant to acknowledging and doing something about climate change compared to those who are not. The problem is that we are already talking about millions of people around the world. A second factor is social validation, group support, or peer pressure. People who live and work in communit ...
... be more resistant to acknowledging and doing something about climate change compared to those who are not. The problem is that we are already talking about millions of people around the world. A second factor is social validation, group support, or peer pressure. People who live and work in communit ...
Mesozoic Climates. - Return to Home Page
... by volume), and together they make up over 99% of the lower atmosphere. There is no evidence that the relative levels of these two gases are changing significantly over time (Kemp, 1994). Despite their relative scarcity, the so-called greenhouse gases play an important role in the regulation of the ...
... by volume), and together they make up over 99% of the lower atmosphere. There is no evidence that the relative levels of these two gases are changing significantly over time (Kemp, 1994). Despite their relative scarcity, the so-called greenhouse gases play an important role in the regulation of the ...
Aasprang.Brita.Envir..
... effects of climate change and annual variations can be difficult to distinguish (Kvalvik et al., 2011:32). Some research indicates that there have already been climatic changes in Norway (O'Brien et al., 2006). In measurements of temperatures, both in the air and in different depths underground, the ...
... effects of climate change and annual variations can be difficult to distinguish (Kvalvik et al., 2011:32). Some research indicates that there have already been climatic changes in Norway (O'Brien et al., 2006). In measurements of temperatures, both in the air and in different depths underground, the ...
Maryland Commission on Climate Change
... in Maryland, a second Executive Order was issued to strengthen the MCCC. The new order expanded the membership of the commission to include nongovernmental members, consisting of representatives from local governments, the business community and non-profit organizations, as well as at-large members. ...
... in Maryland, a second Executive Order was issued to strengthen the MCCC. The new order expanded the membership of the commission to include nongovernmental members, consisting of representatives from local governments, the business community and non-profit organizations, as well as at-large members. ...
Longterm changes in forest carbon under temperature and nitrogen
... Currently, forests in the northeastern United States are net sinks of atmospheric carbon. Under future climate change scenarios, the combined effects of climate change and nitrogen deposition on soil decomposition, aboveground processes, and the forest carbon balance remain unclear. We applied carbo ...
... Currently, forests in the northeastern United States are net sinks of atmospheric carbon. Under future climate change scenarios, the combined effects of climate change and nitrogen deposition on soil decomposition, aboveground processes, and the forest carbon balance remain unclear. We applied carbo ...
Climate change in Australia | Monsoonal North cluster report
... businesses and the environment. Australia has already experienced increasing temperatures, shifting rainfall patterns and rising oceans. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC, 2013) rigorously assessed the current state and future of the global climate sy ...
... businesses and the environment. Australia has already experienced increasing temperatures, shifting rainfall patterns and rising oceans. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC, 2013) rigorously assessed the current state and future of the global climate sy ...
climate and construction - Development Alternatives
... there is an influx of investment in the infrastructure / construction sector. The strong economic growth, rising population and rapid urbanisation are key drivers for accelerated construction. In the larger economies of India and Pakistan, the sector is growing at over 9 per cent per annum. Though t ...
... there is an influx of investment in the infrastructure / construction sector. The strong economic growth, rising population and rapid urbanisation are key drivers for accelerated construction. In the larger economies of India and Pakistan, the sector is growing at over 9 per cent per annum. Though t ...
Predicting regional climate change: living with uncertainty
... prompted countries to sign and ratify the UN/FCCC and then to negotiate the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 (which sets specific targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions – Masood, 1997) has been summarized in a series of influential reports prepared by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC ...
... prompted countries to sign and ratify the UN/FCCC and then to negotiate the Kyoto Protocol in 1997 (which sets specific targets for reducing greenhouse gas emissions – Masood, 1997) has been summarized in a series of influential reports prepared by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC ...
The status of the Indo-Pacific Warm Pool and adjacent land at the
... model (DEM) described in Smith and Sanwell (1997), one with today’s sea level, and another for the LGM, having lowered sea level by 125 m (the value of 125 m is used here as it corresponds to the 125 F 4-m value recently calculated by Yokoyama et al., 2000, 2001 for cores from Bonaparte Gulf in nort ...
... model (DEM) described in Smith and Sanwell (1997), one with today’s sea level, and another for the LGM, having lowered sea level by 125 m (the value of 125 m is used here as it corresponds to the 125 F 4-m value recently calculated by Yokoyama et al., 2000, 2001 for cores from Bonaparte Gulf in nort ...
Print - Climate Change Knowledge Portal
... Riesgos (Manizales, Colombia, 2004), Annex (2009). Values are normalized on scale of 0 – 100 and presented against the average for 16 LAC countries found in IADB-IDEA (2007). Values are normalized on scale of 0 – 100 and presented against the average for 16 LAC countries found in IADB-IDEA (2007). M ...
... Riesgos (Manizales, Colombia, 2004), Annex (2009). Values are normalized on scale of 0 – 100 and presented against the average for 16 LAC countries found in IADB-IDEA (2007). Values are normalized on scale of 0 – 100 and presented against the average for 16 LAC countries found in IADB-IDEA (2007). M ...
PDF
... of climate change. They can be classified as either ‘structural’ or ‘spatial-analogue’ approaches. The first approach is interdisciplinary and interlinks models from several disciplines (Schimmelpfennig et al. 1996; Adams et al. 1998a). A common method applied to interlink different type of models c ...
... of climate change. They can be classified as either ‘structural’ or ‘spatial-analogue’ approaches. The first approach is interdisciplinary and interlinks models from several disciplines (Schimmelpfennig et al. 1996; Adams et al. 1998a). A common method applied to interlink different type of models c ...
Analysis of 3 decades temperature data for Athens and Thessaloniki
... 1880) [11]. Further warming will continue if emissions of greenhouse gases continue. It is estimated that surface air warming in the 21st century for a "low emissions scenario" will be 1.8°C, with a likely range of 1.1 to 2.9°C. Best estimate for a "high emissions scenario" is 4.0°C with a likely ra ...
... 1880) [11]. Further warming will continue if emissions of greenhouse gases continue. It is estimated that surface air warming in the 21st century for a "low emissions scenario" will be 1.8°C, with a likely range of 1.1 to 2.9°C. Best estimate for a "high emissions scenario" is 4.0°C with a likely ra ...
Spatially distributed surface energy balance and ablation modelling
... December 1997 to 12 January 1998. Averaged over the study area (418 km2) and over this 6-week period, net radiation was found to be the main energy source (26 W m 2) followed by the sensible heat flux (8 W m 2). The latent heat flux was negative ( 8 W m 2) indicative of sublimation. High melt r ...
... December 1997 to 12 January 1998. Averaged over the study area (418 km2) and over this 6-week period, net radiation was found to be the main energy source (26 W m 2) followed by the sensible heat flux (8 W m 2). The latent heat flux was negative ( 8 W m 2) indicative of sublimation. High melt r ...
The scientific and international context for the fifth
... to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 80% below 1990 levels. It follows on from the first four legislated carbon budgets, which were set on the basis that UK emissions are reduced by at least 50% in 2025 relative to 1990 (25% relative to 2014). The advice must take into account criteria set ...
... to reduce greenhouse gas emissions by at least 80% below 1990 levels. It follows on from the first four legislated carbon budgets, which were set on the basis that UK emissions are reduced by at least 50% in 2025 relative to 1990 (25% relative to 2014). The advice must take into account criteria set ...
at least -48 - Monash University
... below 2°C, Australia’s national emissions budget most likely will be exhausted by 2015. Effectively, when it comes to living within its emissions budget, Australia is out of time. Even the minimum equitable target of -48 per cent target for 2020 would see Australia ‘overshooting’ its national emissi ...
... below 2°C, Australia’s national emissions budget most likely will be exhausted by 2015. Effectively, when it comes to living within its emissions budget, Australia is out of time. Even the minimum equitable target of -48 per cent target for 2020 would see Australia ‘overshooting’ its national emissi ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""