Green race is on Low carbon economy index 2010 www.pwc.co.uk
... progress countries have made this century in reducing the carbon intensity1 of their economies relative to a low carbon pathway; and • The PwC Low Carbon Challenge (LCC) Index, assesses the distance to go for key countries in reducing their carbon intensity. One year on, PwC re-examines the progres ...
... progress countries have made this century in reducing the carbon intensity1 of their economies relative to a low carbon pathway; and • The PwC Low Carbon Challenge (LCC) Index, assesses the distance to go for key countries in reducing their carbon intensity. One year on, PwC re-examines the progres ...
i1880e12
... face changes in rainfall patterns and extreme events, such as severe water shortages, droughts or flooding. These events will increase the risk of land degradation and biodiversity loss. Climate change will also affect the length of growing seasons, and crop and livestock yields, and bring about inc ...
... face changes in rainfall patterns and extreme events, such as severe water shortages, droughts or flooding. These events will increase the risk of land degradation and biodiversity loss. Climate change will also affect the length of growing seasons, and crop and livestock yields, and bring about inc ...
Climate Research 57:61
... be increasing the impacts on vulnerable people living in areas where a risk of flash flooding and landslides exists. Studies on the effects of urbanization on climate in the MASP have been performed using various regional models (Freitas & Silva Dias 2005, Freitas et al. 2007, Mourão 2010), and the ...
... be increasing the impacts on vulnerable people living in areas where a risk of flash flooding and landslides exists. Studies on the effects of urbanization on climate in the MASP have been performed using various regional models (Freitas & Silva Dias 2005, Freitas et al. 2007, Mourão 2010), and the ...
Decline in Kelp in West Europe and Climate
... Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5). Projections of the future range of L. digitata throughout the 21st century show large shifts in the suitable habitat of the kelp and a northward retreat of the southern limit of its current geographic distribution from France to Danish coasts an ...
... Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 5 (CMIP5). Projections of the future range of L. digitata throughout the 21st century show large shifts in the suitable habitat of the kelp and a northward retreat of the southern limit of its current geographic distribution from France to Danish coasts an ...
The Climate of Middle Earth
... of Arda known as Middle Earth). Considerably more effort could be made to faithfully reproduce the drawings in these manuscripts. Time constraints meant that this was not carried out as fastiduously as was perhaps required (and I had misplaced my spectacles that day...). In addition, there is a degr ...
... of Arda known as Middle Earth). Considerably more effort could be made to faithfully reproduce the drawings in these manuscripts. Time constraints meant that this was not carried out as fastiduously as was perhaps required (and I had misplaced my spectacles that day...). In addition, there is a degr ...
Collateral transgression of planetary boundaries due to climate
... on climate change. We calibrated the model in order to represent global carbon cycle dynamics consistent with observational data and simulations from detailed high-resolution Earth system models (Sect. 2.2). In the following, we provide an overview of the fundamental model equations. A detailed moti ...
... on climate change. We calibrated the model in order to represent global carbon cycle dynamics consistent with observational data and simulations from detailed high-resolution Earth system models (Sect. 2.2). In the following, we provide an overview of the fundamental model equations. A detailed moti ...
Fourth Carbon Budget Review – part 1
... fluctuations and cooling from other natural factors. Similar periods occurred in the 20th Century, and they are consistent with longer-term warming. • Recent assessments of the likely temperature change in response to greenhouse gas concentrations confirm previous ones. In particular, the IPCC prov ...
... fluctuations and cooling from other natural factors. Similar periods occurred in the 20th Century, and they are consistent with longer-term warming. • Recent assessments of the likely temperature change in response to greenhouse gas concentrations confirm previous ones. In particular, the IPCC prov ...
S e c u r i t y A n...
... Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are greater now than at any time in the past 650,000 years, and average global temperature has continued a steady rise. This rise presents the prospect of significant climate change, and while uncertainty exists and debate continues regarding the science and fu ...
... Carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere are greater now than at any time in the past 650,000 years, and average global temperature has continued a steady rise. This rise presents the prospect of significant climate change, and while uncertainty exists and debate continues regarding the science and fu ...
Sensitivity to climate change for two reptiles at the Mojave
... especially with regard to increased aridity and the incidence of drought (Henen et al., 1998; Duda et al., 1999; Curtin et al., 2009). No similar analyses have been conducted for chuckwallas. The predicted magnitude of climate shifts for this region (Seager et al., 2007; Kerr, 2008) could indicate a ...
... especially with regard to increased aridity and the incidence of drought (Henen et al., 1998; Duda et al., 1999; Curtin et al., 2009). No similar analyses have been conducted for chuckwallas. The predicted magnitude of climate shifts for this region (Seager et al., 2007; Kerr, 2008) could indicate a ...
CRS Report for Congress Global Climate Change: The Kyoto Protocol
... to be achieved as an average over the five year commitment period, 2008-2012. Based on projections of the growth of emissions using current technologies and processes, the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions required of the United States would likely be between 20% and 30% below where it would be ...
... to be achieved as an average over the five year commitment period, 2008-2012. Based on projections of the growth of emissions using current technologies and processes, the reduction in greenhouse gas emissions required of the United States would likely be between 20% and 30% below where it would be ...
Seager and Battisti, 2007
... the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) with coupled GCMs have become commonplace (Shin et al. 2003, Hewitt et al. 2003). As suggested by Ruddiman and McIntyre (1981), it is probably a solar radiation distribution that allows increased winter export of tropical moisture into higher latitudes, there to fall a ...
... the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) with coupled GCMs have become commonplace (Shin et al. 2003, Hewitt et al. 2003). As suggested by Ruddiman and McIntyre (1981), it is probably a solar radiation distribution that allows increased winter export of tropical moisture into higher latitudes, there to fall a ...
Climate change in Australia | East Coast cluster report
... businesses and the environment. Australia has already experienced increasing temperatures, shifting rainfall patterns and rising oceans. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC, 2013) rigorously assessed the current state and future of the global climate sy ...
... businesses and the environment. Australia has already experienced increasing temperatures, shifting rainfall patterns and rising oceans. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Fifth Assessment Report (IPCC, 2013) rigorously assessed the current state and future of the global climate sy ...
Glacier variations and climate change in the central Himalaya over
... that the d18O profiles from Himalayan ice cores might reflect long-term changes in temperature. Yao and others (2002) discussed temperature changes over the past 2 kyr as inferred from the Dasuopu d18O profiles, and identified two very prominent warm periods: the Medieval Warm Period and a continuou ...
... that the d18O profiles from Himalayan ice cores might reflect long-term changes in temperature. Yao and others (2002) discussed temperature changes over the past 2 kyr as inferred from the Dasuopu d18O profiles, and identified two very prominent warm periods: the Medieval Warm Period and a continuou ...
Brazilian Foreign Policy in the Context of Global Climate Norms
... whereby the norm becomes widely accepted, has not been achieved due to ongoing dissent between developing and developed states on how to share responsibility and act upon the global warming problem. Although the norm set out in Kyoto of “common but differentiated responsibilities” has become a miles ...
... whereby the norm becomes widely accepted, has not been achieved due to ongoing dissent between developing and developed states on how to share responsibility and act upon the global warming problem. Although the norm set out in Kyoto of “common but differentiated responsibilities” has become a miles ...
Capturing all abatement potential currently modeled can reduce
... below 1990 levels by 2020; double the renewable electricity generation by 2020; and increased use of ...
... below 1990 levels by 2020; double the renewable electricity generation by 2020; and increased use of ...
IGCC-AIGCC Response to TCFD Public Consultation
... IGCC!/!AIGCC!notes!that!one!of!the!factors!driving!the!status&quo!of!poor!reporting!and! disclosure,!is!that!many!risks!and!opportunities!have!not!been!identified!as!financially! material&within!the!designated!time!horizon,!even!in!circumstances!where!external! stakeholders!consider!these!issues!to! ...
... IGCC!/!AIGCC!notes!that!one!of!the!factors!driving!the!status&quo!of!poor!reporting!and! disclosure,!is!that!many!risks!and!opportunities!have!not!been!identified!as!financially! material&within!the!designated!time!horizon,!even!in!circumstances!where!external! stakeholders!consider!these!issues!to! ...
The National Climate Change Response Policy
... • near term implementation of near-term priority flagship programmes, comprising continued implementation of existing successful policies and measures, ensuring policy alignment, and scaling up; • Further researching and developing additional policies and measure for implementing the policy • Rigoro ...
... • near term implementation of near-term priority flagship programmes, comprising continued implementation of existing successful policies and measures, ensuring policy alignment, and scaling up; • Further researching and developing additional policies and measure for implementing the policy • Rigoro ...
Climate change, the Food Energy Water Nexus
... between the energy and food sectors for the existing water resources. Other possible impacts on the energy system relate to possible changes in renewable energy feedstocks (wind speeds, solar radiation levels and hydro-energy). At the same time, climate policies themselves may have implications for ...
... between the energy and food sectors for the existing water resources. Other possible impacts on the energy system relate to possible changes in renewable energy feedstocks (wind speeds, solar radiation levels and hydro-energy). At the same time, climate policies themselves may have implications for ...
Climate controls on soil respired CO2 in the United States
... liquid, which is influenced by the concentration of CO2 in the soil atmosphere as well as the temperature of the soil water. Increasing the concentration of CO2 in the soil atmosphere will increase [CO2aq], while increasing soil temperatures will decrease [CO2aq] because gases have ...
... liquid, which is influenced by the concentration of CO2 in the soil atmosphere as well as the temperature of the soil water. Increasing the concentration of CO2 in the soil atmosphere will increase [CO2aq], while increasing soil temperatures will decrease [CO2aq] because gases have ...
global temperature trends
... difference is probably caused by errors in the model radiative forcing5,12,14–16 or in the model response to radiative forcing5,14,17,18. The relative magnitudes of these three contributions are poorly known. Here we quantify how forcing, feedback and internal climate variability contribute to sprea ...
... difference is probably caused by errors in the model radiative forcing5,12,14–16 or in the model response to radiative forcing5,14,17,18. The relative magnitudes of these three contributions are poorly known. Here we quantify how forcing, feedback and internal climate variability contribute to sprea ...
climate change in the african drylands
... and are home to a rapidly growing population that currently stands at about 325 million people. Dry zones, inclusive of hyper-arid lands, cover over 70 per cent of the continent’s terrestrial surface. Outside of the cities many dryland inhabitants are either pastoralists, sedentary or nomadic, or ag ...
... and are home to a rapidly growing population that currently stands at about 325 million people. Dry zones, inclusive of hyper-arid lands, cover over 70 per cent of the continent’s terrestrial surface. Outside of the cities many dryland inhabitants are either pastoralists, sedentary or nomadic, or ag ...
Climate Change Adaptation in the Water Sector
... concluded that "most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in greenhouse gas concentrations" via the greenhouse effect. Climate model projections summarized by the IPCC indicate that average global surface te ...
... concluded that "most of the observed increase in globally averaged temperatures since the mid-20th century is very likely due to the observed increase in greenhouse gas concentrations" via the greenhouse effect. Climate model projections summarized by the IPCC indicate that average global surface te ...
PDF
... linking Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) to a global market for greenhouse gas emission reductions. We supplement a global climate-energy-economy model with alternative cost estimates for reducing deforestation emissions in order to examine a global program for stab ...
... linking Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation (REDD) to a global market for greenhouse gas emission reductions. We supplement a global climate-energy-economy model with alternative cost estimates for reducing deforestation emissions in order to examine a global program for stab ...
climate change and the mediterranean region
... Hotter and drier times ahead? If current trends in emissions of greenhouse gases continue, global temperatures are expected to rise faster over the next century than over any time during the last 10,000 years. Significant uncertainties surround predictions of regional climate changes, but it is like ...
... Hotter and drier times ahead? If current trends in emissions of greenhouse gases continue, global temperatures are expected to rise faster over the next century than over any time during the last 10,000 years. Significant uncertainties surround predictions of regional climate changes, but it is like ...
Module 1
... A. Sea levels have risen by 10 – 20 cm. This is due to the expansion of warming oceans. Temperature records show that the average temperature has increased by about 0.6ºC in the 20th century. B. The Kyoto Protocol (1997) commits industrialised countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. It s ...
... A. Sea levels have risen by 10 – 20 cm. This is due to the expansion of warming oceans. Temperature records show that the average temperature has increased by about 0.6ºC in the 20th century. B. The Kyoto Protocol (1997) commits industrialised countries to reduce their greenhouse gas emissions. It s ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""