Developing an `integrated` approach to
... The 1990s were the warmest decade of the last millennium, and 1998 the warmest year. Mean air temperatures in the Arctic have increased by about 5°C over the last 100 years, and the extent of sea ice has decreased by 14% since the 1970s. These increases represent larger changes than any century-long ...
... The 1990s were the warmest decade of the last millennium, and 1998 the warmest year. Mean air temperatures in the Arctic have increased by about 5°C over the last 100 years, and the extent of sea ice has decreased by 14% since the 1970s. These increases represent larger changes than any century-long ...
Agreeing on Robust Decisions
... (World Bank 2009; IPCC 2014). There is scientific consensus that the planet is warming due to greenhouse gas emissions. This may bring radical changes in climate, with tremendous implications for the long-term success of near-term decisions in nearly all sectors. Yet, as Box 2 shows, there is deep u ...
... (World Bank 2009; IPCC 2014). There is scientific consensus that the planet is warming due to greenhouse gas emissions. This may bring radical changes in climate, with tremendous implications for the long-term success of near-term decisions in nearly all sectors. Yet, as Box 2 shows, there is deep u ...
Fossil Fuel Divestment – A Solutions-Based Approach
... Shanghai and many others. A recent report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) suggests that global temperatures have already risen 0.85˚C since 1880iv and that up to another 0.2˚C may be in store as past emissions take a decade or more to fully affect global warming. Thus, scie ...
... Shanghai and many others. A recent report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) suggests that global temperatures have already risen 0.85˚C since 1880iv and that up to another 0.2˚C may be in store as past emissions take a decade or more to fully affect global warming. Thus, scie ...
changes in high flows in Sweden in the past and the future (1911
... the south-to-north climate gradient are driven mainly by snowmelt, whereas autumn/winter peaks are primarily rain driven. Thus, analyzing each group separately can provide information about any shift in hydrological regime and dominant processes that can cause high flows. We also investigated variat ...
... the south-to-north climate gradient are driven mainly by snowmelt, whereas autumn/winter peaks are primarily rain driven. Thus, analyzing each group separately can provide information about any shift in hydrological regime and dominant processes that can cause high flows. We also investigated variat ...
Climate Change and Hazard Zonation in the Circum
... The permafrost regions currently occupy about one-fourth of the earth’s land area (Brown et al., 1997; Brown and Haggerty, 1998; Zhang et al., 1999). At geographical scales involving regions of continental or hemispheric dimensions, the distribution of permafrost is usually represented as a series o ...
... The permafrost regions currently occupy about one-fourth of the earth’s land area (Brown et al., 1997; Brown and Haggerty, 1998; Zhang et al., 1999). At geographical scales involving regions of continental or hemispheric dimensions, the distribution of permafrost is usually represented as a series o ...
Paleoecological evidence for abrupt cold reversals during peak
... published by Francis et al. (2006), who added 29 calibration sites from Baffin Island to a training set of 39 sites across eastern Canada (Walker et al., 1991a; 1997). The weighted-averaging regression model uses square-root transformed species data and has a root mean squared error of prediction (RM ...
... published by Francis et al. (2006), who added 29 calibration sites from Baffin Island to a training set of 39 sites across eastern Canada (Walker et al., 1991a; 1997). The weighted-averaging regression model uses square-root transformed species data and has a root mean squared error of prediction (RM ...
Research and systematic observation
... on short-lived climate forcers (black carbon, methane and tropospheric ozone) which may contribute to global and Arctic warming to a degree comparable to the impacts of CO2. The SWIPA (Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic) project will assess current scientific information on changes in the ...
... on short-lived climate forcers (black carbon, methane and tropospheric ozone) which may contribute to global and Arctic warming to a degree comparable to the impacts of CO2. The SWIPA (Snow, Water, Ice and Permafrost in the Arctic) project will assess current scientific information on changes in the ...
compilation of experiences in the field of climate change
... ecological processes. Climate change will thus induce a shift in drylands species distribution and reduced productivity of many pastoral lands (Edward 2000). Biodiversity loss in the drylands leads to the loss of productive inputs to pastoral systems, but it also leads to increased hazards for pasto ...
... ecological processes. Climate change will thus induce a shift in drylands species distribution and reduced productivity of many pastoral lands (Edward 2000). Biodiversity loss in the drylands leads to the loss of productive inputs to pastoral systems, but it also leads to increased hazards for pasto ...
Climate Change and Public Health 101
... Winter temperatures have been rising about twice as fast as annual average temperatures Minimum or ‘overnight low’ temperatures have been rising faster than maximum or ‘daytime high’ temperatures ...
... Winter temperatures have been rising about twice as fast as annual average temperatures Minimum or ‘overnight low’ temperatures have been rising faster than maximum or ‘daytime high’ temperatures ...
Print - Climate Change Knowledge Portal
... Flash floods and seasonal river floods pose a significant challenge to the country’s vulnerable institutions. Flash floods occur regularly throughout the country, particularly after a long dry spell. More recently, in the years 1988, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, and 2006, major floods inflicted significa ...
... Flash floods and seasonal river floods pose a significant challenge to the country’s vulnerable institutions. Flash floods occur regularly throughout the country, particularly after a long dry spell. More recently, in the years 1988, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, and 2006, major floods inflicted significa ...
South Asian Regional Study on Climate Change Impacts and
... low-lying coastal areas, while India and Pakistan depend on cultivation in arid and semiarid lands. These countries already experience frequent natural disasters (Figure 4). The Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2001) pointed out that climate change and i ...
... low-lying coastal areas, while India and Pakistan depend on cultivation in arid and semiarid lands. These countries already experience frequent natural disasters (Figure 4). The Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC 2001) pointed out that climate change and i ...
Climate Change and Public Health 101
... Winter temperatures have been rising about twice as fast as annual average temperatures Minimum or ‘overnight low’ temperatures have been rising faster than maximum or ‘daytime high’ temperatures ...
... Winter temperatures have been rising about twice as fast as annual average temperatures Minimum or ‘overnight low’ temperatures have been rising faster than maximum or ‘daytime high’ temperatures ...
SpecieS and climate change
... It has also been suggested that corals may be able to adapt to climate change by gradually evolving greater tolerance to higher oxygen levels in their tissues and hence to higher temperatures. In general, however, such adaptation is very slow and unlikely to be able to keep up with the current rates ...
... It has also been suggested that corals may be able to adapt to climate change by gradually evolving greater tolerance to higher oxygen levels in their tissues and hence to higher temperatures. In general, however, such adaptation is very slow and unlikely to be able to keep up with the current rates ...
How far are biodiversity loss and climate change similar as policy
... derive their profits more of less directly from ecosystems, notably in the agro-food sector (e.g., cereals, meat, fish, edible oils, and brewing), or industries supplying agriculture or aquaculture (chemicals and fertilisers), from forestry, or from enterprises involved in organic commodity supply c ...
... derive their profits more of less directly from ecosystems, notably in the agro-food sector (e.g., cereals, meat, fish, edible oils, and brewing), or industries supplying agriculture or aquaculture (chemicals and fertilisers), from forestry, or from enterprises involved in organic commodity supply c ...
Marine Board-ESF Response to the European Commission DG
... The Marine Board recognises that the global oceans and seas are a crucial component of the Earth’s climate system and a driver of many important climate processes on a range of time and geographical scales. Furthermore, while the oceans and seas have a strong influence on climate change, they are al ...
... The Marine Board recognises that the global oceans and seas are a crucial component of the Earth’s climate system and a driver of many important climate processes on a range of time and geographical scales. Furthermore, while the oceans and seas have a strong influence on climate change, they are al ...
Impacts of climate change on plankton
... the pelagic realm will also have to contend with, apart from global climate warming, the impact of anthropogenic CO2 directly influencing the pH of the oceans. Evidence collected and modelled to date indicates that rising CO2 has led to chemical changes in the ocean which has led to the oceans becom ...
... the pelagic realm will also have to contend with, apart from global climate warming, the impact of anthropogenic CO2 directly influencing the pH of the oceans. Evidence collected and modelled to date indicates that rising CO2 has led to chemical changes in the ocean which has led to the oceans becom ...
connell_ukcip - Global Change System for Analysis, Research
... • Used UKCIP98 CC - average monthly changes, so don’t know about impacts of extreme events • Took UKCIP SES and derived regional quantified SES out to 2050s, using expert opinion - very difficult to justify numbers, but have a big effect on the model outputs • Hence difficult to quantify the relativ ...
... • Used UKCIP98 CC - average monthly changes, so don’t know about impacts of extreme events • Took UKCIP SES and derived regional quantified SES out to 2050s, using expert opinion - very difficult to justify numbers, but have a big effect on the model outputs • Hence difficult to quantify the relativ ...
Five centuries of climate change in Australia: the view from
... by a temperature at the end of the 20th century that is approximately 0.5 K warmer than five centuries ago. The 17th century is the coolest interval of the five-century reconstruction, and may represent an expression of the Little Ice Age recognised widely in the continents bordering the North Atlan ...
... by a temperature at the end of the 20th century that is approximately 0.5 K warmer than five centuries ago. The 17th century is the coolest interval of the five-century reconstruction, and may represent an expression of the Little Ice Age recognised widely in the continents bordering the North Atlan ...
Forest dynamics: a broad view of the evolution of the topic
... knowledge and tools to develop a new understanding of forest dynamics. Some come from studies on past vegetation responses to climate changes. I recall here some old ideas on plant communities and their dynamics in ecology and forestry and the trend to use quantitative and modelling approaches under ...
... knowledge and tools to develop a new understanding of forest dynamics. Some come from studies on past vegetation responses to climate changes. I recall here some old ideas on plant communities and their dynamics in ecology and forestry and the trend to use quantitative and modelling approaches under ...
Full text
... Delaunay triangulation. Data were provided by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (see Kellomäki et al. 2005). Both climate change scenarios show steady warming until the end of the 21st century (delta between first and last decade of the century CS2: +3.7°C; CS3: +3.1°C). Precipitatio ...
... Delaunay triangulation. Data were provided by the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (see Kellomäki et al. 2005). Both climate change scenarios show steady warming until the end of the 21st century (delta between first and last decade of the century CS2: +3.7°C; CS3: +3.1°C). Precipitatio ...
HS Mui Nallanthigall 1AC v Raghavan Pereda Rd2
... We are seeing the realities of climate change: rising temperatures, declining Arctic sea ice, extreme weather events, heatwaves, wildfires, floods, droughts, stronger storms and hurricanes and so on. According to UN estimates, there will be 1 billion ‘climate refugees', i.e. victims of disasters ind ...
... We are seeing the realities of climate change: rising temperatures, declining Arctic sea ice, extreme weather events, heatwaves, wildfires, floods, droughts, stronger storms and hurricanes and so on. According to UN estimates, there will be 1 billion ‘climate refugees', i.e. victims of disasters ind ...
PDF
... upon labour intensive technology (Featherstone and Goodwin, 1993). Alternatively, research has proved that a large family is mostly inclined to divert part of its labour force into non-farm activities to generate more income and reduce consumption demands (Mano and Nhemachena, 2006). However, accord ...
... upon labour intensive technology (Featherstone and Goodwin, 1993). Alternatively, research has proved that a large family is mostly inclined to divert part of its labour force into non-farm activities to generate more income and reduce consumption demands (Mano and Nhemachena, 2006). However, accord ...
Booth et al. 2013. CC Adaptation to Protect Biodiversity
... information that assists identifying appropriate adaptation options. The data also help to identify regions that have similar characteristics and may require similar adaptation options. The general method used here was proposed, but not applied in detail, by Steffen et al. (2009) in section 7.7 of t ...
... information that assists identifying appropriate adaptation options. The data also help to identify regions that have similar characteristics and may require similar adaptation options. The general method used here was proposed, but not applied in detail, by Steffen et al. (2009) in section 7.7 of t ...
a comparative study of biodiversity conservation coping with climate
... The evidence from this study proved that some progress have made in promoting biodiversity conservation coping to climate change in both countries, but more improvements are required to sustain it and to get the sustainable development. More impacts assessment and identifies changes on biodiversity ...
... The evidence from this study proved that some progress have made in promoting biodiversity conservation coping to climate change in both countries, but more improvements are required to sustain it and to get the sustainable development. More impacts assessment and identifies changes on biodiversity ...
climate variability - NCAR Research Applications Laboratory
... groundwater availability. Floods and droughts are part of this natural range of variation, although the probabilities of such extreme events may be difficult to discern from limited historical experience. Prospective climate change complicates long-term water resources planning because it will alter ...
... groundwater availability. Floods and droughts are part of this natural range of variation, although the probabilities of such extreme events may be difficult to discern from limited historical experience. Prospective climate change complicates long-term water resources planning because it will alter ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""