Risk, uncertainty and the institutional geographies of
... ambiguity, ignorance, surprise and indeterminacy, as a term for qualifying our knowledge about the world and its dynamics (Stirling, 2007; Wynne, 1992). Thus Knight (1921) classically distinguished risk, where the probability and impacts of an event occurring are known in advance so that expected ga ...
... ambiguity, ignorance, surprise and indeterminacy, as a term for qualifying our knowledge about the world and its dynamics (Stirling, 2007; Wynne, 1992). Thus Knight (1921) classically distinguished risk, where the probability and impacts of an event occurring are known in advance so that expected ga ...
Temperature and trophic structure are driving microbial productivity
... Temperature is known to influence ecosystem processes through its direct effect on biological rates such as respiration and nutrient cycling. These changes can then indirectly affect ecologically processes by altering trophic dynamics, the persistence of a species in a given environment, and, consequen ...
... Temperature is known to influence ecosystem processes through its direct effect on biological rates such as respiration and nutrient cycling. These changes can then indirectly affect ecologically processes by altering trophic dynamics, the persistence of a species in a given environment, and, consequen ...
Semiarid watershed response in central New Mexico and its
... Kim, 2005; Seager et al., 2007; Diffenbaugh et al., 2005, 2008). Using results from 15 global climate change simulations, Wang (2005) showed that the Southwest US will experience lower regional precipitation and soil moisture during winter and summer. Similarly, Seager et al. (2007) noted the projec ...
... Kim, 2005; Seager et al., 2007; Diffenbaugh et al., 2005, 2008). Using results from 15 global climate change simulations, Wang (2005) showed that the Southwest US will experience lower regional precipitation and soil moisture during winter and summer. Similarly, Seager et al. (2007) noted the projec ...
Faculty of Science and Agriculture Dissertation submitted in partial
... are vulnerable to drought by using an improvised remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS)-based mapping approach. The research methodology was comprised of 1) assessment of vulnerability levels and 2) the calculation of established drought assessment indices comprising the Normalized D ...
... are vulnerable to drought by using an improvised remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS)-based mapping approach. The research methodology was comprised of 1) assessment of vulnerability levels and 2) the calculation of established drought assessment indices comprising the Normalized D ...
Estimating natural and anthropogenic responses of the water cycle
... Strong and growing quantitative evidence is at hand that the Earth's climate has undergone distinct changes in the past. During the last millennium the in uence of external and internal processes rendered both warmer and colder periods, the most pronounced of which are referred to as the Medieval Cl ...
... Strong and growing quantitative evidence is at hand that the Earth's climate has undergone distinct changes in the past. During the last millennium the in uence of external and internal processes rendered both warmer and colder periods, the most pronounced of which are referred to as the Medieval Cl ...
North America
... storage, facilitate invasive species, and disrupt ecosystem services. Warmer summer temperatures are expected to extend the annual window of high fire ignition risk by 10-30%, and could result in increased area burned of 74-118% in Canada by 2100. Over the 21st century, pressure for species to shift ...
... storage, facilitate invasive species, and disrupt ecosystem services. Warmer summer temperatures are expected to extend the annual window of high fire ignition risk by 10-30%, and could result in increased area burned of 74-118% in Canada by 2100. Over the 21st century, pressure for species to shift ...
from boom to bust? climate risk in the golden state
... to the fertile Central Valley, and from the Mojave Desert ...
... to the fertile Central Valley, and from the Mojave Desert ...
PDF
... (1991) showed that after a drought experience, three-fourths of farmers surveyed in the Great Plains believed that the climate is changing. In contrast, Saleh Safi, Smith, and Liu (2012) showed that vulnerability to climate change did not affect climate change risk perception among Nevada farmers an ...
... (1991) showed that after a drought experience, three-fourths of farmers surveyed in the Great Plains believed that the climate is changing. In contrast, Saleh Safi, Smith, and Liu (2012) showed that vulnerability to climate change did not affect climate change risk perception among Nevada farmers an ...
Modelling the impacts of weather and climate variability on crop
... (the potential to capture variability due to different subseasonal weather patterns and hence increased validity under future climates), resulting in a general large-area model (GLAM) for annual crops. However, like many other crop models, GLAM did not include several key biophysical processes that ...
... (the potential to capture variability due to different subseasonal weather patterns and hence increased validity under future climates), resulting in a general large-area model (GLAM) for annual crops. However, like many other crop models, GLAM did not include several key biophysical processes that ...
Mayors Adapt - EN Political Commitment
... preindustrial levels requires urgent and ambitious mitigation action by the global community; and underlines that adaptation is a necessary and unavoidable complement to mitigation; WHEREAS the European Commission (EC) and the European Environment Agency (EEA) state that climate change threatens the ...
... preindustrial levels requires urgent and ambitious mitigation action by the global community; and underlines that adaptation is a necessary and unavoidable complement to mitigation; WHEREAS the European Commission (EC) and the European Environment Agency (EEA) state that climate change threatens the ...
This PDF is a selection from a published volume from... Research Volume Title: The Economics of Climate Change: Adaptations Past and...
... at the grid level over the course of a year. They use data reported by the California Independent System Operator (CalISO) for 2004 and regress it on a population- weighted average of daily temperature. The estimates show a nonlinear impact of average temperature on electricity load and a linear imp ...
... at the grid level over the course of a year. They use data reported by the California Independent System Operator (CalISO) for 2004 and regress it on a population- weighted average of daily temperature. The estimates show a nonlinear impact of average temperature on electricity load and a linear imp ...
PDF
... The World Health Organization does not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use. The views expressed by authors or editors do not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy ...
... The World Health Organization does not warrant that the information contained in this publication is complete and correct and shall not be liable for any damages incurred as a result of its use. The views expressed by authors or editors do not necessarily represent the decisions or the stated policy ...
circumpolar cooperation at the arctic council`s iqaluit ministerial 2015
... Growing the Arctic extractive industry will necessarily advance the climate crisis because its root cause is carbon consumption. The Iqaluit Declaration 2015 acknowledges “that reducing greenhouse gas emissions continues to be the most important contribution to addressing global and Arctic climate c ...
... Growing the Arctic extractive industry will necessarily advance the climate crisis because its root cause is carbon consumption. The Iqaluit Declaration 2015 acknowledges “that reducing greenhouse gas emissions continues to be the most important contribution to addressing global and Arctic climate c ...
Request for CEO Endorsement - Global Environment Facility
... to the PECC as well as a combi-nation of NAMAs, which would contribute 46.5 MtCO2 eq. of emissions reduced by 2020. Although the country has been engaged in addressing climate change, additional needs have been identified. For example, in order to improve the next inventories, it is necessary to con ...
... to the PECC as well as a combi-nation of NAMAs, which would contribute 46.5 MtCO2 eq. of emissions reduced by 2020. Although the country has been engaged in addressing climate change, additional needs have been identified. For example, in order to improve the next inventories, it is necessary to con ...
CSPR Briefing C SP R B
... Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol (AWG-KP). There are diverging ideas on whether a more holistic approach should be applied to the treatment of LULUCF under CDM or whether current structure should be kept. Costa Rica, Colombia, Mexico, Panama, El Salvador, New Zealand, Norway, ...
... Commitments for Annex I Parties under the Kyoto Protocol (AWG-KP). There are diverging ideas on whether a more holistic approach should be applied to the treatment of LULUCF under CDM or whether current structure should be kept. Costa Rica, Colombia, Mexico, Panama, El Salvador, New Zealand, Norway, ...
2012 co2 emissions overview - International Energy Agency
... Climate scientists have observed that carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the atmosphere have been increasing significantly over the past century, compared to the rather steady level of the pre-industrial era (about 280 parts per million in volume, or ppmv). The 2013 concentration of CO2 (396 ppm ...
... Climate scientists have observed that carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations in the atmosphere have been increasing significantly over the past century, compared to the rather steady level of the pre-industrial era (about 280 parts per million in volume, or ppmv). The 2013 concentration of CO2 (396 ppm ...
global warming, climate change and tourism: a review of
... research. A raging debate is on apart from the popular writings and research articles published on the theme. The Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) declared that ‘warming of the climate system is unequivocal’ (IPCC 2007 a). The global mean temperature has increased by 0.76°C between ...
... research. A raging debate is on apart from the popular writings and research articles published on the theme. The Inter-governmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) declared that ‘warming of the climate system is unequivocal’ (IPCC 2007 a). The global mean temperature has increased by 0.76°C between ...
Global warning full report - Compassion in World Farming
... average only a tenth of that in high-income countries.2 As the world population grows and affluence increases, global meat production is expected to double by 2050. This continuing increase comes at a time of climate change, when it is recognised that we are experiencing a crisis in the impact of hu ...
... average only a tenth of that in high-income countries.2 As the world population grows and affluence increases, global meat production is expected to double by 2050. This continuing increase comes at a time of climate change, when it is recognised that we are experiencing a crisis in the impact of hu ...
Inferred gas hydrate and permafrost stability history models linked to
... stand, some of which were inundated and are now offshore due to Holocene marine transgression. Our previous analysis, using a 1-D model (Majorowicz et al., 2008), of Holocene-Pleistocene temperature history implications for IBP and GH layers in onshore BMB during the last 600 ka showed that GHs can ...
... stand, some of which were inundated and are now offshore due to Holocene marine transgression. Our previous analysis, using a 1-D model (Majorowicz et al., 2008), of Holocene-Pleistocene temperature history implications for IBP and GH layers in onshore BMB during the last 600 ka showed that GHs can ...
The Meaning of Uncertainty: Debating Climate Change in the Gilded
... Forthcoming in Environment and History ©The White Horse Press http://www.whpress.co.uk ...
... Forthcoming in Environment and History ©The White Horse Press http://www.whpress.co.uk ...
I. Sustainability Risk Management
... GB 600 – Environmental Strategy and Sustainability* GB 601 – Systems Thinking and Sustainable Businesses* RMI 650 – Sustainability, Environmental and Social Risk Management GB 365/765 – People, Planet, Profit: Exploring The Triple Bottom Line in Theory and Practice GB 365/765 – Business and the Soci ...
... GB 600 – Environmental Strategy and Sustainability* GB 601 – Systems Thinking and Sustainable Businesses* RMI 650 – Sustainability, Environmental and Social Risk Management GB 365/765 – People, Planet, Profit: Exploring The Triple Bottom Line in Theory and Practice GB 365/765 – Business and the Soci ...
Wildlife in a changing climate - Food and Agriculture Organization of
... species are expected to become extinct, and for minimum expected climate change 11 percent or 34 percent of species (again, with or without dispersal) are projected to become extinct.” According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC; Parry et al., 2007), roughly 20–30 percent of va ...
... species are expected to become extinct, and for minimum expected climate change 11 percent or 34 percent of species (again, with or without dispersal) are projected to become extinct.” According to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC; Parry et al., 2007), roughly 20–30 percent of va ...
Climate change policies and the UK business sector Nov2013 (opens in new window)
... compensating businesses whose international competitiveness is likely to be impacted. Compensation options could include lump-sum payments or reductions in business taxes. Using carbon tax revenues to finance measures like the FITs or the RO would remove them from energy bills, thus reducing costs, ...
... compensating businesses whose international competitiveness is likely to be impacted. Compensation options could include lump-sum payments or reductions in business taxes. Using carbon tax revenues to finance measures like the FITs or the RO would remove them from energy bills, thus reducing costs, ...
Vulnerability of New Zealand pastoral farming to the impacts of
... that the pertinent methodology and expertise may not be self-evident or to hand, it would clearly be inefficient for end-users to duplicate effort if a generic approach is feasible. Also, there would be national benefit in using the same methodology, since doing so would facilitate meaningful interr ...
... that the pertinent methodology and expertise may not be self-evident or to hand, it would clearly be inefficient for end-users to duplicate effort if a generic approach is feasible. Also, there would be national benefit in using the same methodology, since doing so would facilitate meaningful interr ...
Investigation of the effects of increases in agricultural productivity
... with sustainability concerns it is necessary to consider if the productivity increase comes at an expense; if a productivity increase comes at the expense of particular input such as energy. Showing the trade-offs is seen as an important issue in this task. The IPCC scenarios imply several severe cl ...
... with sustainability concerns it is necessary to consider if the productivity increase comes at an expense; if a productivity increase comes at the expense of particular input such as energy. Showing the trade-offs is seen as an important issue in this task. The IPCC scenarios imply several severe cl ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""