Spatial and Temporal Responses of Soil Erosion to Climate Change
... study was 1980–1999. Then, downscaling methods were used to downscale these data to at-site daily In thea present study, future climate projections under threefunctions emission scenarios and A2 data. First, statistical downscaling method with conversion was usedB1, to B2, transfer the from the Four ...
... study was 1980–1999. Then, downscaling methods were used to downscale these data to at-site daily In thea present study, future climate projections under threefunctions emission scenarios and A2 data. First, statistical downscaling method with conversion was usedB1, to B2, transfer the from the Four ...
Nitrogen–climate interactions in US agriculture
... (Houlton et al., this issue). Global per capita rates of N fertilizer consumption per year have risen from 0.2 kg in 1900 to 2 kg in 1950 to nearly 14 kg in 2000 (Smil 2001). Inevitably, this huge advance in global N use has been accompanied by considerable growth in Nr loss to the environment exace ...
... (Houlton et al., this issue). Global per capita rates of N fertilizer consumption per year have risen from 0.2 kg in 1900 to 2 kg in 1950 to nearly 14 kg in 2000 (Smil 2001). Inevitably, this huge advance in global N use has been accompanied by considerable growth in Nr loss to the environment exace ...
Spring 2008 Summary
... as to simply provide step by step procedures for using these tools (posted at http://envsci.rutgers.edu/~toine379/matlabdoc.html). Lastly, I met with Ross in person to discuss many aspects of the project itself, and to show him first-hand the vital technological aspects affiliated both with this pro ...
... as to simply provide step by step procedures for using these tools (posted at http://envsci.rutgers.edu/~toine379/matlabdoc.html). Lastly, I met with Ross in person to discuss many aspects of the project itself, and to show him first-hand the vital technological aspects affiliated both with this pro ...
Vulnerability of Fraser River Sockeye salmon to climate change
... Fraser River sockeye salmon are the basis for a major commercial fishery shared by Canada and the United States, and an important cultural foundation for many aboriginal groups; they are also of huge ecological significance throughout the Fraser Basin. The potential for altered aquatic habitat and t ...
... Fraser River sockeye salmon are the basis for a major commercial fishery shared by Canada and the United States, and an important cultural foundation for many aboriginal groups; they are also of huge ecological significance throughout the Fraser Basin. The potential for altered aquatic habitat and t ...
Climate and Terrestrial Ecosystem Change in the
... Figure 11. Late Glacial and early Holocene vegetation history along the southern margin of the Cordilleran ice sheet, based on a transect of pollen records from western Washington to western Montana.....................16 Figure 12. Comparison of regional and global temperature reconstructions. .... ...
... Figure 11. Late Glacial and early Holocene vegetation history along the southern margin of the Cordilleran ice sheet, based on a transect of pollen records from western Washington to western Montana.....................16 Figure 12. Comparison of regional and global temperature reconstructions. .... ...
Our Nation’s Air United States Environmental
... in temperature, along with changes in precipitation and other weather conditions due to climate change, may lead to even higher air pollution levels. In addition to GHGs, other pollutants contribute to climate change. Black carbon (BC), a component of particle pollution, directly absorbs incoming an ...
... in temperature, along with changes in precipitation and other weather conditions due to climate change, may lead to even higher air pollution levels. In addition to GHGs, other pollutants contribute to climate change. Black carbon (BC), a component of particle pollution, directly absorbs incoming an ...
Modeling the Effects of Climate Change on the Supply of Phosphate
... A number of investigators have used climate models to drive hydrologic models that are then used to produce future estimates of watershed hydrological characteristics and changes in water yield (e.g. Lettenmaier et al., 1999; Nijssen et al., 2001), and see also Chapter 3. Studies which have used a s ...
... A number of investigators have used climate models to drive hydrologic models that are then used to produce future estimates of watershed hydrological characteristics and changes in water yield (e.g. Lettenmaier et al., 1999; Nijssen et al., 2001), and see also Chapter 3. Studies which have used a s ...
Togo - unfccc
... the national average for temperature data between 1961 and 2012 indicates warming by 1°C. On the other hand, according to the baseline scenarios assessed for the Third National Communication (TCN), the simulations run using SimCLIM 2013 for the pessimistic scenario of RCP8.5 reveal an overall avera ...
... the national average for temperature data between 1961 and 2012 indicates warming by 1°C. On the other hand, according to the baseline scenarios assessed for the Third National Communication (TCN), the simulations run using SimCLIM 2013 for the pessimistic scenario of RCP8.5 reveal an overall avera ...
North Northamptonshire Carbon Sink Forestry Feasibility Study
... targets for reducing carbon emissions to meet international commitments in a bid to peg the rise in average global temperature to no more than 2 degrees, thereby avoiding the most damaging impacts of climate change. The “UK Low Carbon Transition Plan” puts forward a wide range of proposals to meet t ...
... targets for reducing carbon emissions to meet international commitments in a bid to peg the rise in average global temperature to no more than 2 degrees, thereby avoiding the most damaging impacts of climate change. The “UK Low Carbon Transition Plan” puts forward a wide range of proposals to meet t ...
South Africa`s climate change technology needs assessment 2007
... South Africa ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in August 1997. The primary objective of this multilateral agreement is to achieve the stabilisation of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic ...
... South Africa ratified the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) in August 1997. The primary objective of this multilateral agreement is to achieve the stabilisation of greenhouse gas (GHG) concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic ...
Status Description Total Funding Strengthening Communities
... functional and self-sustaining USD$200,000 More information on this project ...
... functional and self-sustaining USD$200,000 More information on this project ...
Glacial unloading: Forcings, responses and processes Larsen, C.F.
... uplift generally will be much faster than current rates of sea-level rise. For coastal regions with retreating glaciers, impacts from the apparent sea-level fall could range from new coastal navigation hazards and diminished harbors, to biasing any global sea-level rise calculations from the affecte ...
... uplift generally will be much faster than current rates of sea-level rise. For coastal regions with retreating glaciers, impacts from the apparent sea-level fall could range from new coastal navigation hazards and diminished harbors, to biasing any global sea-level rise calculations from the affecte ...
Extreme climate events and wet grasslands: plant traits for
... Plant responses may be either positive or negative and will modify competitive relations between species, which may be crucial in wet grasslands, where a diversity of perennial species co-exist. A combination of decreasing rainfall and higher temperatures predicted under many climate change scenario ...
... Plant responses may be either positive or negative and will modify competitive relations between species, which may be crucial in wet grasslands, where a diversity of perennial species co-exist. A combination of decreasing rainfall and higher temperatures predicted under many climate change scenario ...
(PDF 1.79Mb)
... provides strong evidence that human activities are increasing the rate at which the current climate is changing. The Earth‟s climate has changed repeatedly in the past, and there is evidence to show how life on our planet has responded to these changes. The scale and rate of the current change howev ...
... provides strong evidence that human activities are increasing the rate at which the current climate is changing. The Earth‟s climate has changed repeatedly in the past, and there is evidence to show how life on our planet has responded to these changes. The scale and rate of the current change howev ...
Adaptation and the Courtroom: Judging Climate Science
... more important that judges approach cases involving climate science with some understanding of its discipline, its methods, and what constitutes climate science expertise. Climate science may be introduced in numerous types of judicial proceedings, each of which is governed by distinct standards for ...
... more important that judges approach cases involving climate science with some understanding of its discipline, its methods, and what constitutes climate science expertise. Climate science may be introduced in numerous types of judicial proceedings, each of which is governed by distinct standards for ...
perspectives on climate change - Canadian Institute of Planners
... In all four variables reported in Table 4 the percentages are relatively constant. Also, the “incorporation rate” (Table 3) seems to have leveled off in the mid 40% range. There is still a considerable gap between what planners actually do and what they feel they should be doing. Responses from the ...
... In all four variables reported in Table 4 the percentages are relatively constant. Also, the “incorporation rate” (Table 3) seems to have leveled off in the mid 40% range. There is still a considerable gap between what planners actually do and what they feel they should be doing. Responses from the ...
Mainstreaming Early Warning Systems in Development
... Climate change is expected to shift the spatial and temporal distributions of precipitation from the summer monsoon over the Indus River Basin. Increased greenhouse gas concentrations are expected to increase both the land–water temperature contrast and absolute temperature of the oceans, strengthen ...
... Climate change is expected to shift the spatial and temporal distributions of precipitation from the summer monsoon over the Indus River Basin. Increased greenhouse gas concentrations are expected to increase both the land–water temperature contrast and absolute temperature of the oceans, strengthen ...
The role of discourse in the quest for low
... 1995). This extends to the provision of a sound environment, as, for the market proponent, a relevant valuation and internalisation of environmental costs is the efficient way to solve environmental problems (Dryzek, 2005). Thus, while there is little preoccupation with effectiveness, the market dis ...
... 1995). This extends to the provision of a sound environment, as, for the market proponent, a relevant valuation and internalisation of environmental costs is the efficient way to solve environmental problems (Dryzek, 2005). Thus, while there is little preoccupation with effectiveness, the market dis ...
Role of winter temperature and climate change on the survival and
... Abstract Global climate change has already affected the abundances, range limits, and interactions of many species. The hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae), an invasive insect introduced to eastern North America from Japan, has decimated stands of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) and Carolina ...
... Abstract Global climate change has already affected the abundances, range limits, and interactions of many species. The hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae), an invasive insect introduced to eastern North America from Japan, has decimated stands of eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) and Carolina ...
International Legal Protection for Climate Refugees: Where Lies the
... Rising levels of greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, have warmed the earth and are the driving force behind the changes in the earth’s climate.9 Carbon dioxide concentrations amount to about 80 per cent of the total caused by greenhouse gases.10 Carbon dioxide emissions are ...
... Rising levels of greenhouse gases, primarily carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, have warmed the earth and are the driving force behind the changes in the earth’s climate.9 Carbon dioxide concentrations amount to about 80 per cent of the total caused by greenhouse gases.10 Carbon dioxide emissions are ...
Working Group on Carbon Pricing Mechanisms
... The main goal of carbon pricing is to reduce emissions by sending a price signal to the economy as a whole and to various economic actors in particular to reduce emissions. The clearer, more consistent, strong and predictable a price signal is in the medium and long term, the greater its efficiency ...
... The main goal of carbon pricing is to reduce emissions by sending a price signal to the economy as a whole and to various economic actors in particular to reduce emissions. The clearer, more consistent, strong and predictable a price signal is in the medium and long term, the greater its efficiency ...
Climate and the Tropical Oceans - LDEO Climate Group
... to increasing CO 2 concentrations. This change in ocean circulation cools the tropical climate and consitutes a negative feedback to greenhouse warming at least on the timescale over which the thermocline temperature adjusts. However, the modeling experiments used by Cane et al. (1997) to make their ...
... to increasing CO 2 concentrations. This change in ocean circulation cools the tropical climate and consitutes a negative feedback to greenhouse warming at least on the timescale over which the thermocline temperature adjusts. However, the modeling experiments used by Cane et al. (1997) to make their ...
U. S. Senate Minority Report:
... “The models and forecasts of the UN IPCC "are incorrect because they only are based on mathematical models and presented results at scenarios that do not include, for example, solar activity.” - Victor Manuel Velasco Herrera, a researcher at the Institute of Geophysics of the National Autonomous Uni ...
... “The models and forecasts of the UN IPCC "are incorrect because they only are based on mathematical models and presented results at scenarios that do not include, for example, solar activity.” - Victor Manuel Velasco Herrera, a researcher at the Institute of Geophysics of the National Autonomous Uni ...
Biomes - SPS186.org
... Biomes are classification schemes which define biomes using climatic parameters. Particularly in the 1970s and 1980s, there was a significant push to understand the relationships between these climatic parameters and properties of ecosystem energetics because such discoveries would enable the predic ...
... Biomes are classification schemes which define biomes using climatic parameters. Particularly in the 1970s and 1980s, there was a significant push to understand the relationships between these climatic parameters and properties of ecosystem energetics because such discoveries would enable the predic ...
as PDF - Natural Hazards Center
... factors that have left them socio-economically vulnerable, and because climate change puts at risk the intimate relationships indigenous people maintain with their physical environments. Indigenous communities’ cultures, traditions and in some cases their very identities are based on the land and th ...
... factors that have left them socio-economically vulnerable, and because climate change puts at risk the intimate relationships indigenous people maintain with their physical environments. Indigenous communities’ cultures, traditions and in some cases their very identities are based on the land and th ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""