Climate Investigations Using Ice Sheet and Mass Balance Models
... investigate how small climate perturbations can lead to big environmental changes. For example, how would the distribution of biomes across the globe be affected by a 1 °C increase in average surface temperature? A second IDEAS goal is to have students link global and local-scale changes in a meanin ...
... investigate how small climate perturbations can lead to big environmental changes. For example, how would the distribution of biomes across the globe be affected by a 1 °C increase in average surface temperature? A second IDEAS goal is to have students link global and local-scale changes in a meanin ...
Climate Change Impacts and Spatial Planning Decision Support
... inherent uncertainty associated with trying to predict the future climate and the knock-on effects. For example, how robust would your option be if the impacts from climate change at the end of the 21st century are twice as severe as current ‘best estimates’? ...
... inherent uncertainty associated with trying to predict the future climate and the knock-on effects. For example, how robust would your option be if the impacts from climate change at the end of the 21st century are twice as severe as current ‘best estimates’? ...
Dominating the Antarctic environment - Research Online
... photosynthesis is near maximal, for example 390–470% for Bryum subrotundifolium and 245–1400% (g H2O g-1 DW) for Bryum pseudotriquetrum (Pannewitz et al., 2005), 100–600% for Ceratodon purpureus and 200–1200% (g H2O g-1 DW) for Schistidium antarctici (Robinson et al., 2000). Therefore areas that ha ...
... photosynthesis is near maximal, for example 390–470% for Bryum subrotundifolium and 245–1400% (g H2O g-1 DW) for Bryum pseudotriquetrum (Pannewitz et al., 2005), 100–600% for Ceratodon purpureus and 200–1200% (g H2O g-1 DW) for Schistidium antarctici (Robinson et al., 2000). Therefore areas that ha ...
LCCARL395_en.pdf
... The overall decline in welfare by 2050 compared to the baseline scenario ranges from 1.2 per cent to 1.5 per cent under B2, and 2.4 per cent to 2.8 per cent under A2/BAU, depending on the discount rate. While the differences in welfare among the three scenarios appear to be relatively small, the sam ...
... The overall decline in welfare by 2050 compared to the baseline scenario ranges from 1.2 per cent to 1.5 per cent under B2, and 2.4 per cent to 2.8 per cent under A2/BAU, depending on the discount rate. While the differences in welfare among the three scenarios appear to be relatively small, the sam ...
- Adaptation Learning Mechanism
... have the lowest incomes and depend on income from relatives or small income generating activities. In floods, the poor are usually displaced due to the temporary nature of their homes. They are also more susceptible to water borne diseases, since they rely on untreated water, which could get contami ...
... have the lowest incomes and depend on income from relatives or small income generating activities. In floods, the poor are usually displaced due to the temporary nature of their homes. They are also more susceptible to water borne diseases, since they rely on untreated water, which could get contami ...
Effect of Climate Change on Invasion Risk of Giant African Snail
... (http://www.worldclim.org/; Table 1). We used Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) data in its fifth Assessment Report (AR5) [53] for three different future climate scenarios. These were Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0, RCP 8.5)—each of which is bas ...
... (http://www.worldclim.org/; Table 1). We used Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) data in its fifth Assessment Report (AR5) [53] for three different future climate scenarios. These were Representative Concentration Pathway (RCP) scenarios (RCP 4.5, RCP 6.0, RCP 8.5)—each of which is bas ...
Assessing Current Climate Risks
... This template has three climate ranges, depending on whether the outcomes are beneficial, negative but tolerable, or harmful. Beneficial and tolerable outcomes form the coping range (Hewitt and Burton, 1971). Beyond the coping range, the damages or losses are no longer tolerable and an identifiable ...
... This template has three climate ranges, depending on whether the outcomes are beneficial, negative but tolerable, or harmful. Beneficial and tolerable outcomes form the coping range (Hewitt and Burton, 1971). Beyond the coping range, the damages or losses are no longer tolerable and an identifiable ...
migratory species and climate change
... all aware that Climate Change is likely to be the main driver of biodiversity loss in future. The impacts of Climate Change cause additional pressures on ecosystems that are already stressed by overuse, degradation, fragmentation and loss of total area. In combination, these factors reduce not onl ...
... all aware that Climate Change is likely to be the main driver of biodiversity loss in future. The impacts of Climate Change cause additional pressures on ecosystems that are already stressed by overuse, degradation, fragmentation and loss of total area. In combination, these factors reduce not onl ...
doc - Canadian Pugwash Group
... START-1. While some problems remain, the accomplishments so far on the CANWFZ offer experience applicable to an Arctic NWFZ. While extensive negotiations are in store, this idea is very timely, and the Russian experience tells us that work should start now. Each denuclearized zone is different9, no ...
... START-1. While some problems remain, the accomplishments so far on the CANWFZ offer experience applicable to an Arctic NWFZ. While extensive negotiations are in store, this idea is very timely, and the Russian experience tells us that work should start now. Each denuclearized zone is different9, no ...
... Since energy use is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions, policies designed to increase energy efficiency or induce a switch to less greenhouse gas-intensive fuels, such as from coal to natural gas, can reduce emissions in the short term. In the long term, however, major technology chang ...
Air Quality and Climate Connections - Lamont
... CO2, and that of tropospheric O3 and its precursor methane (CH4) over the past few centuries have exerted a warming influence. In contrast, the net effect of PM (termed “aerosols” in Figure 1, as conventional in climate science) is to cool the planet, although the magnitude is much more uncertain tha ...
... CO2, and that of tropospheric O3 and its precursor methane (CH4) over the past few centuries have exerted a warming influence. In contrast, the net effect of PM (termed “aerosols” in Figure 1, as conventional in climate science) is to cool the planet, although the magnitude is much more uncertain tha ...
Implications of Climate Change for Armed Conflict
... groundwater in many areas, with the possible consequence that aquifers become contaminated or depleted, thus further reducing the supply of freshwater. A warmer climate can also result in the melting of glaciers in Himalaya, the Andes, and several other major sources of water in the dry season for l ...
... groundwater in many areas, with the possible consequence that aquifers become contaminated or depleted, thus further reducing the supply of freshwater. A warmer climate can also result in the melting of glaciers in Himalaya, the Andes, and several other major sources of water in the dry season for l ...
In the hot seat: Insolation, ENSO, and vegetation in the African tropics
... resources to millions of Africans. Threats to tropical vegetation related to rapidly changing climate make this region extremely vulnerable [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007] and have dangerous, costly implications for daily economy and subsistence [W.W. Forum, 2000; Few et al. ...
... resources to millions of Africans. Threats to tropical vegetation related to rapidly changing climate make this region extremely vulnerable [Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2007] and have dangerous, costly implications for daily economy and subsistence [W.W. Forum, 2000; Few et al. ...
Climate Change and Renewable Energy - Minnesota DNR - MN-dnr
... challenge, they have become immediate. Just look at northern Minnesota, where average annual temperature have increased by more than 2° F over the past century. Our mandate comes from legislation and the Governor himself. Minnesota’s Next Generation Energy Act of 2007 requires the state to reduce fo ...
... challenge, they have become immediate. Just look at northern Minnesota, where average annual temperature have increased by more than 2° F over the past century. Our mandate comes from legislation and the Governor himself. Minnesota’s Next Generation Energy Act of 2007 requires the state to reduce fo ...
About observed and future climate changes in Flanders and Belgium
... heat island effect include reduced vegetation (and therefore less cooling through evaporation), trapping of radiation between buildings, comparatively limited heat exchange between city and atmosphere, high thermal inertia of urban materials and heat that is released during heating and cooling of bu ...
... heat island effect include reduced vegetation (and therefore less cooling through evaporation), trapping of radiation between buildings, comparatively limited heat exchange between city and atmosphere, high thermal inertia of urban materials and heat that is released during heating and cooling of bu ...
Future scenarios of European agricultural land use I. Estimating
... The future of agricultural land use in Europe is unknown but is likely to be influenced by the productivity of crops. Changes in crop productivity are difficult to predict but can be explored by scenarios that represent alternative economic and environmental pathways of future development. We develo ...
... The future of agricultural land use in Europe is unknown but is likely to be influenced by the productivity of crops. Changes in crop productivity are difficult to predict but can be explored by scenarios that represent alternative economic and environmental pathways of future development. We develo ...
International Workshop on Mainstreaming Adaptation to Climate
... Many development efforts and impacts are at risk if climate change is not taken into account. It is therefore necessary to integrate adaptation into different levels of development work, in addition to support to stand-alone climate change adaptation programmes. A number of actors in the fields of s ...
... Many development efforts and impacts are at risk if climate change is not taken into account. It is therefore necessary to integrate adaptation into different levels of development work, in addition to support to stand-alone climate change adaptation programmes. A number of actors in the fields of s ...
The colour of climate: changes in peat
... This thesis focuses on responses in raised bogs to changes in the effective humidity during the Holocene. Raised bogs are terrestrial deposits that can provide contiguous records of past climate changes. Information on and knowledge about past changes in climate is crucial for our understanding of n ...
... This thesis focuses on responses in raised bogs to changes in the effective humidity during the Holocene. Raised bogs are terrestrial deposits that can provide contiguous records of past climate changes. Information on and knowledge about past changes in climate is crucial for our understanding of n ...
OVERCOMING THE BARRIERS How to ensure future food production under
... Over 200 farmers were interviewed for this report and all said that over the past 10 years they have noticed changes in the climate as compared with the 1990s. The most widespread change, observed by all farmers in all countries, is changing distribution and intensity of rainfall. In particular, sum ...
... Over 200 farmers were interviewed for this report and all said that over the past 10 years they have noticed changes in the climate as compared with the 1990s. The most widespread change, observed by all farmers in all countries, is changing distribution and intensity of rainfall. In particular, sum ...
OCR physical-systems Specimen
... There is a NR (No Response) option. Award NR (No Response) if there is nothing written at all in the answer space OR if there is a comment which does not in any way relate to the question (e.g. ‘can’t do’, ‘don’t know’) OR if there is a mark (e.g. a dash, a question mark) which isn’t an attempt at t ...
... There is a NR (No Response) option. Award NR (No Response) if there is nothing written at all in the answer space OR if there is a comment which does not in any way relate to the question (e.g. ‘can’t do’, ‘don’t know’) OR if there is a mark (e.g. a dash, a question mark) which isn’t an attempt at t ...
Alberta`s Natural Subregions Under a Changing Climate
... Temperatures in Alberta have been both far colder and far hotter than those we currently experience. The warm climate of the Hypsithermal period (4,000-8,000 years ago) is of particular interest because the ecological patterns of that time can be reconstructed using sediments from lakes and ponds ac ...
... Temperatures in Alberta have been both far colder and far hotter than those we currently experience. The warm climate of the Hypsithermal period (4,000-8,000 years ago) is of particular interest because the ecological patterns of that time can be reconstructed using sediments from lakes and ponds ac ...
Climate
... Climatic variation includes daily and seasonal cycles, and large-scale cycles that occur over years or decades. Long-term climate change can be a result of changes in the intensity and distribution of solar radiation. Climate determines the geographic distribution of organisms. Climate is ch ...
... Climatic variation includes daily and seasonal cycles, and large-scale cycles that occur over years or decades. Long-term climate change can be a result of changes in the intensity and distribution of solar radiation. Climate determines the geographic distribution of organisms. Climate is ch ...
Discussion Paper - LEDS Global Partnership
... hinder action because it is uncertain what adaptation strategies would be most beneficial. Furthermore, these projections are often on long-term time scales, whereas decision-making is often based on short-term information. These levels of uncertainty can often lead to disagreement among stakeholder ...
... hinder action because it is uncertain what adaptation strategies would be most beneficial. Furthermore, these projections are often on long-term time scales, whereas decision-making is often based on short-term information. These levels of uncertainty can often lead to disagreement among stakeholder ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""