Climate Change and Whitebark Pine
... the foundation for adaptation (Rehfeldt et al. 1999; Bower and Aitken 2006, 2008, Mahalovich and Hipkins 2011). Restoring whitebark pine forests in changing climates There are many compelling reasons to restore whitebark pine, including the ecosystem services, biodiversity, and ecosystem functions t ...
... the foundation for adaptation (Rehfeldt et al. 1999; Bower and Aitken 2006, 2008, Mahalovich and Hipkins 2011). Restoring whitebark pine forests in changing climates There are many compelling reasons to restore whitebark pine, including the ecosystem services, biodiversity, and ecosystem functions t ...
Climate Change in Levelock, Alaska
... from climate change and communities seek adaptive strategies that encourage wellness and sustainability. This report documents climate change impacts as described by community residents and climate change effects or potential effects as interpreted through the lens of public health. It is the sevent ...
... from climate change and communities seek adaptive strategies that encourage wellness and sustainability. This report documents climate change impacts as described by community residents and climate change effects or potential effects as interpreted through the lens of public health. It is the sevent ...
Forests and climate change in Latin America : linking
... Ecosystem-based adaptation projects can directly benefit climate change mitigation, through either increasing or maintaining carbon stocks. This is the case of the adaptation project in Honduras accepted by the UNFCCC Adaptation Fund and described above (‘Addressing Climate Change Risks on Water Res ...
... Ecosystem-based adaptation projects can directly benefit climate change mitigation, through either increasing or maintaining carbon stocks. This is the case of the adaptation project in Honduras accepted by the UNFCCC Adaptation Fund and described above (‘Addressing Climate Change Risks on Water Res ...
- White Rose Research Online
... compared to the past (by subtracting reported flood risks for 1963 from reported flood risks for 2013) and expected changes into the future (by subtracting reported flood risks for 2013 from reported flood risks for 2063) – which should show increases if participants are concerned about the role of ...
... compared to the past (by subtracting reported flood risks for 1963 from reported flood risks for 2013) and expected changes into the future (by subtracting reported flood risks for 2013 from reported flood risks for 2063) – which should show increases if participants are concerned about the role of ...
What does the Paris Agreement mean for climate policy in the
... Netherlands. As an EU member state, the Netherlands’ long-term INDC goal is an 80%-95% reduction of GHG emissions by 2050. However, this target is based on 2°C compatibility (den Elzen & Höhne 2008), which the Paris Agreement goes much beyond. Thus the ambition gap is large: The Netherlands has sign ...
... Netherlands. As an EU member state, the Netherlands’ long-term INDC goal is an 80%-95% reduction of GHG emissions by 2050. However, this target is based on 2°C compatibility (den Elzen & Höhne 2008), which the Paris Agreement goes much beyond. Thus the ambition gap is large: The Netherlands has sign ...
263. Cass R. Sunstein, "The Availability Heuristic, Intuitive Cost
... It has become standard to say that with respect to risks, Europe and the United States can be distinguished along a single axis: Europe accepts the Precautionary Principle, and the United States does not. On this view, Europeans attempt to build a “margin of safety” into public decisions, taking car ...
... It has become standard to say that with respect to risks, Europe and the United States can be distinguished along a single axis: Europe accepts the Precautionary Principle, and the United States does not. On this view, Europeans attempt to build a “margin of safety” into public decisions, taking car ...
Is co-producing science for adaptation decision
... consultants, regulators, private utility companies, and industry associations (Gawith et al 2009; McKenzie-Hedger et al 2006). The UK's most recent climate projections, UKCP09, embraced the ethos behind usable science involving non-scientific actors throughout their design and delivery (Steynor et a ...
... consultants, regulators, private utility companies, and industry associations (Gawith et al 2009; McKenzie-Hedger et al 2006). The UK's most recent climate projections, UKCP09, embraced the ethos behind usable science involving non-scientific actors throughout their design and delivery (Steynor et a ...
Adaptation Planning – What Other States are Doing
... The scientific community has reached a strong consensus that the climate is changing. Current projections by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicate the continental United State can expect temperature increases of between 5.4ºF and 12.6ºF by the year 2100.1 This warming will ha ...
... The scientific community has reached a strong consensus that the climate is changing. Current projections by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) indicate the continental United State can expect temperature increases of between 5.4ºF and 12.6ºF by the year 2100.1 This warming will ha ...
Water Scarcity, Conflict, and Security in a Climate Change World
... Although climate change is expected to have a major effect on the global environment in its broadest sense, one of its earliest and most direct impacts will be on Earth's fresh water systems. While some regions will experience increased precipitation, others will suffer serious water scarcity. And s ...
... Although climate change is expected to have a major effect on the global environment in its broadest sense, one of its earliest and most direct impacts will be on Earth's fresh water systems. While some regions will experience increased precipitation, others will suffer serious water scarcity. And s ...
Báo cáo đánh giá tính tổn thương BĐKH trong hoạt động
... cold waves affected Vietnam and in the past two decades these cold waves have decreased markedly. This clearly reflects the operating frequency of cold air in the North. Meanwhile, the average temperature remained high in the summer (hot season). Change in the rainfall patterns According to the clim ...
... cold waves affected Vietnam and in the past two decades these cold waves have decreased markedly. This clearly reflects the operating frequency of cold air in the North. Meanwhile, the average temperature remained high in the summer (hot season). Change in the rainfall patterns According to the clim ...
PDF
... China has a vast territory with a long coastline. As a rapidly developing country with the largest population in the world, it has low per capita resource availability, coupled with vulnerable ecosystems, as a result of which the country will surely face more severe challenges because of climate cha ...
... China has a vast territory with a long coastline. As a rapidly developing country with the largest population in the world, it has low per capita resource availability, coupled with vulnerable ecosystems, as a result of which the country will surely face more severe challenges because of climate cha ...
Confronting Climate Change in the Gulf Coast Region
... The ecological impacts of climate change will have important implications for the health and well-being of human populations as well as other goods and services that ecosystems provide to society. Global warming will have particularly important impacts on the region’s water resources. Gulf Coast eco ...
... The ecological impacts of climate change will have important implications for the health and well-being of human populations as well as other goods and services that ecosystems provide to society. Global warming will have particularly important impacts on the region’s water resources. Gulf Coast eco ...
The effects of climate change on Merriam`s kangaroo rat, Dipodomys
... Analysis of surface air temperature shows an increase in global temperature of about 0)3–0)63C over the past 130 years (Gates, 1993; Trenberth, 1993). However, this warming trend has not been uniform worldwide (Houghton et al., 1996). In the south-western United States, both summer and winter temper ...
... Analysis of surface air temperature shows an increase in global temperature of about 0)3–0)63C over the past 130 years (Gates, 1993; Trenberth, 1993). However, this warming trend has not been uniform worldwide (Houghton et al., 1996). In the south-western United States, both summer and winter temper ...
Read the RSP-0276 Final Report
... mechanisms (Lowe and Walker 1997; Maslin et al., 2007). External forcing mechanisms (e.g., tectonic activities, see Figure 2.1, orbital forcing) are those which are outside the climate system; variations in solar energy are an example of external forcing (Lowe and Walker 1997). On the other hand, in ...
... mechanisms (Lowe and Walker 1997; Maslin et al., 2007). External forcing mechanisms (e.g., tectonic activities, see Figure 2.1, orbital forcing) are those which are outside the climate system; variations in solar energy are an example of external forcing (Lowe and Walker 1997). On the other hand, in ...
PDF format - City University of Hong Kong
... to date, however, is whether this isolated extreme snow event was perhaps linked to the documented climate change in the region. The effect of global warming on snowpack and snowmelt has been studied extensively. A review by Stewart (2009) showed that declining snowpack and earlier snowmelt are occu ...
... to date, however, is whether this isolated extreme snow event was perhaps linked to the documented climate change in the region. The effect of global warming on snowpack and snowmelt has been studied extensively. A review by Stewart (2009) showed that declining snowpack and earlier snowmelt are occu ...
Guiding Principles for City Climate Action Planning
... the Cities and Climate Change Initiative), and Cities Alliance (under the World Bank/UNEP/UN-Habitat Cities and Climate Change Joint Work ...
... the Cities and Climate Change Initiative), and Cities Alliance (under the World Bank/UNEP/UN-Habitat Cities and Climate Change Joint Work ...
Effects of permafrost degradation on ecosystems
... bodies on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the largest permafrost region in the mid and low latitude, which is estimated at about 1.5×106 km2 and account for 69.77% the total permafrost area in china[11]. Permafrost controlled by air temperature in the thickness, presence and geographic extent reacts s ...
... bodies on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is the largest permafrost region in the mid and low latitude, which is estimated at about 1.5×106 km2 and account for 69.77% the total permafrost area in china[11]. Permafrost controlled by air temperature in the thickness, presence and geographic extent reacts s ...
small farms advantage – aff
... production really separates itself from most other sectors is through the emission of large amounts of the far more potent heat-trapping gases methane (CH4 ) and nitrous oxide (N2 O). These two gases are responsible for nearly three-quarters of the global livestock sector’s CO2 -equivalent emissions ...
... production really separates itself from most other sectors is through the emission of large amounts of the far more potent heat-trapping gases methane (CH4 ) and nitrous oxide (N2 O). These two gases are responsible for nearly three-quarters of the global livestock sector’s CO2 -equivalent emissions ...
unhedgeable risk: how climate change sentiment impacts investment
... 2014). Financial markets, however, could show the impact of risk aggregation much sooner as the effects of climate change will be driven by the projections of likely future impacts, changing regulation, and shifting market sentiment. Therefore, investors should not be deterred from identifying and m ...
... 2014). Financial markets, however, could show the impact of risk aggregation much sooner as the effects of climate change will be driven by the projections of likely future impacts, changing regulation, and shifting market sentiment. Therefore, investors should not be deterred from identifying and m ...
Public
... A critical challenge facing the world is how to feed an expected population of around 9 billion by 2050, while simultaneously reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and adapting to climate change. The agricultural sector plays a critical role in food security, poverty reduction and economic growth— ...
... A critical challenge facing the world is how to feed an expected population of around 9 billion by 2050, while simultaneously reducing greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and adapting to climate change. The agricultural sector plays a critical role in food security, poverty reduction and economic growth— ...
third national communication of the russian federation
... Methane emissions (Table I.9), as a whole in the period 1990 - 1999, were decreasing faster, than emissions of CO2. The decrease is noticeable for all source categories, the only exception being emissions from forest fires. The main contribution to the reduction of emission has been brought by energ ...
... Methane emissions (Table I.9), as a whole in the period 1990 - 1999, were decreasing faster, than emissions of CO2. The decrease is noticeable for all source categories, the only exception being emissions from forest fires. The main contribution to the reduction of emission has been brought by energ ...
The gARNAUT ReVIeW 2011 - Garnaut Climate Change Review
... judgment about the reputable science from being right ‘on a balance of probabilities’ to ‘beyond reasonable doubt’. Chapter 2 focuses on likely amounts of greenhouse gas emissions in the absence of mitigation. It examines the effect on emissions of the big global economic developments following the ...
... judgment about the reputable science from being right ‘on a balance of probabilities’ to ‘beyond reasonable doubt’. Chapter 2 focuses on likely amounts of greenhouse gas emissions in the absence of mitigation. It examines the effect on emissions of the big global economic developments following the ...
Effects of permafrost degradation on ecosystems
... is the largest permafrost region in the mid and low-latitude, which is estimated at about 1.5 106 km2 and account for 69.77% the total permafrost area in china [11]. Permafrost controlled by air temperature in the thickness, presence and geographic extent reacts sensitively to changes in atmospher ...
... is the largest permafrost region in the mid and low-latitude, which is estimated at about 1.5 106 km2 and account for 69.77% the total permafrost area in china [11]. Permafrost controlled by air temperature in the thickness, presence and geographic extent reacts sensitively to changes in atmospher ...
Injection of CO 2
... to acquire the knowledge, we should influence the outcome, we should help doing it “right” – also if this results in doing it not at all. ...
... to acquire the knowledge, we should influence the outcome, we should help doing it “right” – also if this results in doing it not at all. ...
Background paper Africa WS
... Africa is characterized by a wide variety of climate systems (Hume et al, 2000) ranging from humid equatorial systems, through seasonally-arid tropical, to sub-tropical Mediterraneantype climates. These systems are also varying because all these climates exhibit differing degrees of temporal variabi ...
... Africa is characterized by a wide variety of climate systems (Hume et al, 2000) ranging from humid equatorial systems, through seasonally-arid tropical, to sub-tropical Mediterraneantype climates. These systems are also varying because all these climates exhibit differing degrees of temporal variabi ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""