Implementing the carbon tax - Policy Advice Division
... The 35 developed countries that have ratified the Kyoto Protocol have agreed to a cap on their national greenhouse gas emissions. Each country starts with an allocation of emissions units equal to its target – in New Zealand’s case, this is 1990 emissions levels. If a country reduces emissions below ...
... The 35 developed countries that have ratified the Kyoto Protocol have agreed to a cap on their national greenhouse gas emissions. Each country starts with an allocation of emissions units equal to its target – in New Zealand’s case, this is 1990 emissions levels. If a country reduces emissions below ...
Carbon cycle modelling and the residence time of natural
... approximately 270 and 380 ppmv, with annual means of 315 - 331 ppmv, and there was no tendency of rising or falling atmospheric CO2 level at any of the 19 stations during this 5 year period (Bischof, 1960). The data are particularly important because they are unselected and therefore free of potenti ...
... approximately 270 and 380 ppmv, with annual means of 315 - 331 ppmv, and there was no tendency of rising or falling atmospheric CO2 level at any of the 19 stations during this 5 year period (Bischof, 1960). The data are particularly important because they are unselected and therefore free of potenti ...
Vulnerability Assessment of the North East Atlantic Shelf Marine
... and steep cliffs - from the shallow North Sea to the continental shelf break and deep sea. Millions of migratory waterfowl and waders depend on feeding and breeding grounds along the East Atlantic Flyway. The sea is rich in marine wildlife - sharks, seals, cetaceans and seabirds as well as commercia ...
... and steep cliffs - from the shallow North Sea to the continental shelf break and deep sea. Millions of migratory waterfowl and waders depend on feeding and breeding grounds along the East Atlantic Flyway. The sea is rich in marine wildlife - sharks, seals, cetaceans and seabirds as well as commercia ...
Two hundred fifty years of aerosols and climate: the end of the age
... the net radiative forcing from aerosols is negative, resulting in a net cooling impact. This negative forcing has “masked” some of the positive forcing from greenhouse gases (Wigley, 1989; Charlson et al., 1991; Kiehl and Briegleb, 1993; Taylor and Penner, 1994). As found by historical pattern-match ...
... the net radiative forcing from aerosols is negative, resulting in a net cooling impact. This negative forcing has “masked” some of the positive forcing from greenhouse gases (Wigley, 1989; Charlson et al., 1991; Kiehl and Briegleb, 1993; Taylor and Penner, 1994). As found by historical pattern-match ...
Implementation of the Framework Convention on Climate Change in
... conduct preliminary actions in order to minimize “adverse effects of climate change". This means changes in the physical environment or biota resulting from climate change which have significant deleterious effects on both, natural and managed ecosystems, which in their turn lead to climate change. ...
... conduct preliminary actions in order to minimize “adverse effects of climate change". This means changes in the physical environment or biota resulting from climate change which have significant deleterious effects on both, natural and managed ecosystems, which in their turn lead to climate change. ...
Climate change projections of sea level extremes along the
... depend on regional dynamical adjustments, and thus can be significantly different from the global mean (Cabanes et al. 2001). However, viewed over the longer term, rising sea levels have had a strong coastal influence along the entire California coast. The occurrence of extremes has increased marked ...
... depend on regional dynamical adjustments, and thus can be significantly different from the global mean (Cabanes et al. 2001). However, viewed over the longer term, rising sea levels have had a strong coastal influence along the entire California coast. The occurrence of extremes has increased marked ...
Conserving Freshwater and Coastal Resources in a Changing Climate
... Suitable habitat for 57 species of cold-water fish has been projected to decline up to 36% in U.S. rivers if air temperatures rise by 4°C. River and stream ecosystems will likely have changes in low and high flows, increased drought, flooding, and an increase in water temperature. This will likely c ...
... Suitable habitat for 57 species of cold-water fish has been projected to decline up to 36% in U.S. rivers if air temperatures rise by 4°C. River and stream ecosystems will likely have changes in low and high flows, increased drought, flooding, and an increase in water temperature. This will likely c ...
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... (Gbetibouo, 2009; Nhemachena and Hassan, 2007; Hassan and Nhemachena, 2008). Farming experience increases the probability of uptake of all adaptation options because experienced farmers have better knowledge and information on changes in climatic conditions and crop and livestock management practice ...
... (Gbetibouo, 2009; Nhemachena and Hassan, 2007; Hassan and Nhemachena, 2008). Farming experience increases the probability of uptake of all adaptation options because experienced farmers have better knowledge and information on changes in climatic conditions and crop and livestock management practice ...
Climate refugees in the 21st century
... An increase in sea level is irreversible and manifests itself over a long period of time. The projected sea level rise makes populations living at an altitude of less than 1 metre directly vulnerable. ...
... An increase in sea level is irreversible and manifests itself over a long period of time. The projected sea level rise makes populations living at an altitude of less than 1 metre directly vulnerable. ...
Relationship between climate change and the full and effective
... Special legislation and policies were also important to address climate impacts. Namibia’s Disaster Risk Management Act established coordinated approaches to reduce the risk of disasters, mitigate their effects, increase preparedness, and implement effective postdisaster recovery. The National Clima ...
... Special legislation and policies were also important to address climate impacts. Namibia’s Disaster Risk Management Act established coordinated approaches to reduce the risk of disasters, mitigate their effects, increase preparedness, and implement effective postdisaster recovery. The National Clima ...
Climate Change and Internal Displacement
... Climate change is defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change as “any change in the climate over time, whether due to natural variability or […] human activity.”6 However, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change focuses specifically on climate change that is “attribute ...
... Climate change is defined by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change as “any change in the climate over time, whether due to natural variability or […] human activity.”6 However, the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change focuses specifically on climate change that is “attribute ...
Our People, Our Planet, Our Power
... To build a climate justice movement in Seattle and the surrounding region, we must first identify the barriers to community engagement, leadership and policy solutions. How do we organize to achieve real power? How do we lift our voices in the current climate change debate? What does leadership by p ...
... To build a climate justice movement in Seattle and the surrounding region, we must first identify the barriers to community engagement, leadership and policy solutions. How do we organize to achieve real power? How do we lift our voices in the current climate change debate? What does leadership by p ...
Aalborg Universitet Avoiding climate change uncertainties in Strategic Environmental Assessment
... in Section 2 a theoretical model is developed for analysis. This model is used in Sections 3 and 4 where a document study of 151 SEA reports is presented. The final section offers two theoretical explanations for avoiding uncertainty, conflict avoidance and a perceived need to quantify uncertainty. 2. ...
... in Section 2 a theoretical model is developed for analysis. This model is used in Sections 3 and 4 where a document study of 151 SEA reports is presented. The final section offers two theoretical explanations for avoiding uncertainty, conflict avoidance and a perceived need to quantify uncertainty. 2. ...
Hydrological effects of the increased CO2 and climate change in the
... Global atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2 ), methane (CH4 ), and nitrous oxide (N2 O) have increased markedly as a result of human activities since 1750 and now far exceed pre-industrial values determined from ice cores spanning many thousands of years (IPCC 2007a). Continued greenhou ...
... Global atmospheric concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO2 ), methane (CH4 ), and nitrous oxide (N2 O) have increased markedly as a result of human activities since 1750 and now far exceed pre-industrial values determined from ice cores spanning many thousands of years (IPCC 2007a). Continued greenhou ...
Major Issues with IPCC Report
... Bureaux should identify appropriate experts for each area in the Report who can act as potential Coordinating Lead Authors, Lead Authors, Contributing Authors, expert reviewers or Review Editors. … “4.2.2 Coordinating Lead Authors and Lead Authors are selected by the relevant Working Group / Task Fo ...
... Bureaux should identify appropriate experts for each area in the Report who can act as potential Coordinating Lead Authors, Lead Authors, Contributing Authors, expert reviewers or Review Editors. … “4.2.2 Coordinating Lead Authors and Lead Authors are selected by the relevant Working Group / Task Fo ...
Greenwashing eco(?)tourism in New Zealand: What climate change?
... we tour. Tourism is playing a part in the causes of global warming because of high GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions and has been responsible for unequal allocation and consumption of resources. Tourism is one of the key industries in need of adaptation to climate change listed in the report of the Int ...
... we tour. Tourism is playing a part in the causes of global warming because of high GHG (greenhouse gas) emissions and has been responsible for unequal allocation and consumption of resources. Tourism is one of the key industries in need of adaptation to climate change listed in the report of the Int ...
Climate change, growing season water deficit and vegetation activity
... was previously recognized that warmer temperatures have promoted increases in plant growth in northern high latitudes that associate with a lengthening of the active growing season (Myneni et al., 1997). Subsequently, Nemani et al. (2003) found the largest net primary production (NPP) increase was i ...
... was previously recognized that warmer temperatures have promoted increases in plant growth in northern high latitudes that associate with a lengthening of the active growing season (Myneni et al., 1997). Subsequently, Nemani et al. (2003) found the largest net primary production (NPP) increase was i ...
Yard Trimmings Bans: Impact and Support
... Prices for finished material are still depressed and the understanding of the benefits of compost are not as widespread as they should be. So, I would say that bans without marketplace incentives or education are not as effective as they could be. ...
... Prices for finished material are still depressed and the understanding of the benefits of compost are not as widespread as they should be. So, I would say that bans without marketplace incentives or education are not as effective as they could be. ...
REPORT - BC3 Basque Centre for Climate Change
... mankind will have to face this century. Furthermore, the challenge has both scientific and social/political dimensions. For that end, the research program has to include the identification of the foreseen impacts and the outlining of the best strategies to adapt to these changes, reducing the magnit ...
... mankind will have to face this century. Furthermore, the challenge has both scientific and social/political dimensions. For that end, the research program has to include the identification of the foreseen impacts and the outlining of the best strategies to adapt to these changes, reducing the magnit ...
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... Prior to the election the ALP announced three major new policy initiatives for the agriculture sector: Plan 1: Australia’s Farming Future - a $130 million plan aimed directly at preparing our primary industries for a different future due to the impact of climate change. Plan 2: New Directions for Wh ...
... Prior to the election the ALP announced three major new policy initiatives for the agriculture sector: Plan 1: Australia’s Farming Future - a $130 million plan aimed directly at preparing our primary industries for a different future due to the impact of climate change. Plan 2: New Directions for Wh ...
Assessing Climate Risks to Low Carbon Urban Projects
... Climate change: Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g, by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to ...
... Climate change: Climate change refers to a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g, by using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. Climate change may be due to ...
i SMALL HOLDER FARMERS` PERCEPTION ON CLIMATE
... physical dimension. It is therefore assumed that, these communities have an inborn adaptive knowledge from which to draw and survive in high-stress ecological and socio-economic conditions. Thus, the human responses are critical to understand and estimate its effects on production and food supply fo ...
... physical dimension. It is therefore assumed that, these communities have an inborn adaptive knowledge from which to draw and survive in high-stress ecological and socio-economic conditions. Thus, the human responses are critical to understand and estimate its effects on production and food supply fo ...
The Need for (and Obstacles to) Regional Collective Action in Climate Adaptation
... Regional cooperation will frequently be critical in climate adaptation. The influence and impact of many climate changes will be international in scope. For example, reduced precipitation or glacier runoff in the headwaters of an international river will affect not only the nation in which the headw ...
... Regional cooperation will frequently be critical in climate adaptation. The influence and impact of many climate changes will be international in scope. For example, reduced precipitation or glacier runoff in the headwaters of an international river will affect not only the nation in which the headw ...
Climate change feedback
Climate change feedback is important in the understanding of global warming because feedback processes may amplify or diminish the effect of each climate forcing, and so play an important part in determining the climate sensitivity and future climate state. Feedback in general is the process in which changing one quantity changes a second quantity, and the change in the second quantity in turn changes the first. Positive feedback amplifies the change in the first quantity while negative feedback reduces it.The term ""forcing"" means a change which may ""push"" the climate system in the direction of warming or cooling. An example of a climate forcing is increased atmospheric concentrations of greenhouse gases. By definition, forcings are external to the climate system while feedbacks are internal; in essence, feedbacks represent the internal processes of the system. Some feedbacks may act in relative isolation to the rest of the climate system; others may be tightly coupled; hence it may be difficult to tell just how much a particular process contributes. Forcings, feedbacks and the dynamics of the climate system determine how much and how fast the climate changes. The main positive feedback in global warming is the tendency of warming to increase the amount of water vapor in the atmosphere, which in turn leads to further warming. The main negative feedback comes from the Stefan–Boltzmann law, the amount of heat radiated from the Earth into space changes with the fourth power of the temperature of Earth's surface and atmosphere.Some observed and potential effects of global warming are positive feedbacks, which contribute directly to further global warming. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's (IPCC) Fourth Assessment Report states that ""Anthropogenic warming could lead to some effects that are abrupt or irreversible, depending upon the rate and magnitude of the climate change.""