IN THE NEWS - Lenus, The Irish Health Repository
... Human: Escherichia coli are found in the intestinal tracts of healthy humans and other warm-blooded animals. While most strains are non-pathogenic, infection by some strains can result in serious illness. Verocytotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC), the most common of which is E. coli O157:H7 was first identif ...
... Human: Escherichia coli are found in the intestinal tracts of healthy humans and other warm-blooded animals. While most strains are non-pathogenic, infection by some strains can result in serious illness. Verocytotoxigenic E. coli (VTEC), the most common of which is E. coli O157:H7 was first identif ...
Biosecurity plan checklist - Johne`s disease in cattle
... Animals originating from high-risk sources Don’t graze young animals in high-risk areas (e.g. adjacent to high-risk neighbours, with infected sheep, on land grazed by clinical or suspect cases) JD vaccination of calves Minimise cattle, and particularly calves, co-grazing with sheep Determine the J ...
... Animals originating from high-risk sources Don’t graze young animals in high-risk areas (e.g. adjacent to high-risk neighbours, with infected sheep, on land grazed by clinical or suspect cases) JD vaccination of calves Minimise cattle, and particularly calves, co-grazing with sheep Determine the J ...
Quantitative Trait Loci for Resistance to Two Fungal Quercus robur Cécile Robin,
... evaluation under natural infection conditions over 3 years. Resistance to ink disease was estimated by inoculating P. cinnamomi on stems of 2-year-old cuttings grown in the glasshouse, and by measuring the length of the induced lesion in two experiments. Preliminary results showed that quantitative ...
... evaluation under natural infection conditions over 3 years. Resistance to ink disease was estimated by inoculating P. cinnamomi on stems of 2-year-old cuttings grown in the glasshouse, and by measuring the length of the induced lesion in two experiments. Preliminary results showed that quantitative ...
Feces Mainly in Soil
... • A helminthic infection of the small intestine generally associated with few or no symptoms. • Infectious agent: • Ascaris lumbricoides. • Epidemiology: • Occurrence- The most common parasite of humans where sanitation is poor. School children (5-10 years of age) are most affected. Highly prevalent ...
... • A helminthic infection of the small intestine generally associated with few or no symptoms. • Infectious agent: • Ascaris lumbricoides. • Epidemiology: • Occurrence- The most common parasite of humans where sanitation is poor. School children (5-10 years of age) are most affected. Highly prevalent ...
Streptococcus equi
... • No infected or in-contact animal should be released from isolation until three consecutive negative swabs have been taken over a 2 week period • Carrier animals can retain potential to spread disease, even after 3 negative swabs • Need endoscopic examination ...
... • No infected or in-contact animal should be released from isolation until three consecutive negative swabs have been taken over a 2 week period • Carrier animals can retain potential to spread disease, even after 3 negative swabs • Need endoscopic examination ...
Hoof and Mouth
... Animals can recover from HMD but will be asymptomatic and have the potential to pass on the disease. ...
... Animals can recover from HMD but will be asymptomatic and have the potential to pass on the disease. ...
Immunodiagnosis of fasciolosis using recombinant
... tracts of parasites or a preparation of excretory-secretory products as antigen for the detection of serum antibodies (Knobloch, 1985; Espino et al., 1987; Khalil et al., 1990; Espino Hernandez et al., 1991; Hillyer et al., 1992; Sampaio Silva et al., 1996; Carnevale et al., 2001), but the employmen ...
... tracts of parasites or a preparation of excretory-secretory products as antigen for the detection of serum antibodies (Knobloch, 1985; Espino et al., 1987; Khalil et al., 1990; Espino Hernandez et al., 1991; Hillyer et al., 1992; Sampaio Silva et al., 1996; Carnevale et al., 2001), but the employmen ...
Prof Andrew Leisewitz
... His interest is in disease mechanisms of infectious diseases. Particular interests include the use of animal models of human disease to advance global health. His PhD examined the immune response to blood stage malaria infection in a murine model system and was completed at the Weatherall Institute ...
... His interest is in disease mechanisms of infectious diseases. Particular interests include the use of animal models of human disease to advance global health. His PhD examined the immune response to blood stage malaria infection in a murine model system and was completed at the Weatherall Institute ...
on intestinal worms. - Belle Plaine Animal Hospital
... • Physaloptera (stomach worms) Stomach worms are parasites of both cats and dogs. As the name implies, they live in the stomach. They are often treated for by your veterinarian if your pet has chronic vomiting. Eggs are not readily detected in stool samples. Your pet may occasionally vomit up a worm ...
... • Physaloptera (stomach worms) Stomach worms are parasites of both cats and dogs. As the name implies, they live in the stomach. They are often treated for by your veterinarian if your pet has chronic vomiting. Eggs are not readily detected in stool samples. Your pet may occasionally vomit up a worm ...
What is Tuberculosis? Tuberculosis (TB) is a common and often
... disseminate to other parts of the body such as the kidney and the brain. Why is TB a problem? TB is a major public health concern in many developing countries and a persistent threat in industrialized countries with almost 2 million TB-related deaths occurring each year. One third of the world’s pop ...
... disseminate to other parts of the body such as the kidney and the brain. Why is TB a problem? TB is a major public health concern in many developing countries and a persistent threat in industrialized countries with almost 2 million TB-related deaths occurring each year. One third of the world’s pop ...
Management Of Newly Introduced Sheep
... Don’t turn out onto clean grazing. Consider collecting faeces 14 days later to check that treatment has been successful. Resistant Fluke Treat with triclabendazole and closantel on separate days and where possible keep off wet fields for 4 weeks. Consider checking faeces for fluke eggs after this pe ...
... Don’t turn out onto clean grazing. Consider collecting faeces 14 days later to check that treatment has been successful. Resistant Fluke Treat with triclabendazole and closantel on separate days and where possible keep off wet fields for 4 weeks. Consider checking faeces for fluke eggs after this pe ...
Breaking the chain of infection
... Infection can only spread when the conditions are right – we call this set of conditions the 'chain of infection'. Think of the conditions as links in a chain – when all the links are connected, infection spreads. More importantly, 'breaking the chain' at any point stops infection from spreading. Ou ...
... Infection can only spread when the conditions are right – we call this set of conditions the 'chain of infection'. Think of the conditions as links in a chain – when all the links are connected, infection spreads. More importantly, 'breaking the chain' at any point stops infection from spreading. Ou ...
Sporotrichosis
... ▫ Although systemic illness is not seen initially, chronic illness may result in fever, listlessness, and depression. ...
... ▫ Although systemic illness is not seen initially, chronic illness may result in fever, listlessness, and depression. ...
Reviewers comments for the paper:
... example at table 2 footnote (a) one should not have to presume ND is for Newcastles disease and IBD - infectious bursal disease. Also clarify that RT- PCR is for Reverse transcriptase PCR as the RT abbreviation in recent times has come to mean “real time” in many papers. 2. Table 1- can the authors ...
... example at table 2 footnote (a) one should not have to presume ND is for Newcastles disease and IBD - infectious bursal disease. Also clarify that RT- PCR is for Reverse transcriptase PCR as the RT abbreviation in recent times has come to mean “real time” in many papers. 2. Table 1- can the authors ...
Fasciolosis
Fasciolosis (also known as fascioliasis, fasciolasis, distomatosis and liver rot) is a parasitic worm infection caused by the common liver fluke Fasciola hepatica as well as by Fasciola gigantica. The disease is a plant-borne trematode zoonosis, and is classified as a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD). It affects humans, but its main host is ruminants such as cattle and sheep. The disease progresses through four distinct phases; an initial incubation phase of between a few days up to three months with little or no symptoms; an invasive or acute phase which may manifest with: fever, malaise, abdominal pain, gastrointestinal symptoms, urticaria, anemia, jaundice, and respiratory symptoms. The disease later progresses to a latent phase with less symptoms and ultimately into a chronic or obstructive phase months to years later. In the chronic state the disease causes inflammation of the bile ducts, gall bladder and may cause gall stones as well as fibrosis. While chronic inflammation is connected to increased cancer rates it is unclear whether fasciolosis is associated with increased cancer risk.Up to half of those infected display no symptoms, and diagnosis is difficult because eggs are often missed in fecal examination. The methods of detection are through fecal examination, parasite-specific antibody detection, radiological diagnosis as well as laparotomy. In case of a suspected outbreak it may be useful to keep track of dietary history, which is also useful for exclusion of differential diagnoses. Fecal examination is generally not helpful because eggs can seldom be detected in the chronic phase of the infection and detection of eggs. Eggs appear in the feces first between 9–11 weeks post-infection. The cause of this is unknown, and the it is also difficult to distinguish between the different species of fasciola as well distinguishing them from Echinostomes and Fasciolopsis. Most immunodiagnostic tests detect infection with very high sensitivity and as concentration drops after treatment it is a very good diagnostic method. Clinically it is not possible to differentiate from other liver and bile diseases. Radiological methods can detect lesions in both acute and chronic infection, while laparotomy will detect lesions and also occasionally eggs and live worms.Because of the size of the parasite (adult F. hepatica: 20–30 × 13 mm, adult F. gigantica: 25–75×12 mm) fasciolosis is a big concern. The amount of symptoms depend on how many worms and what stage the infection is in. The death rate is significant in both sheep and cattle, but generally low among humans. Treatment with triclabendazole is highly effective against the adult worms as well as various developing stages. Praziquantel is not effective, and older drugs such as bithionol are moderately effective but also cause more side effects. Secondary bacterial infection causing cholangitis is also a concern and can be treated with antibiotics, and toxaemia may be treated with prednisolone.Humans are infected by eating watergrown plants, primarily wild grown watercress in Europe and morning glory in Asia. Infection may also occur by drinking contaminated water with floating young fasciola or when using utensils washed with contaminated water. Cultivated plants do not spread the disease in the same capacity. Human infection is rare even if the infection rate is high among animals. Especially high rates of human infection have been found in Bolivia, Peru and Egypt, and this may be due to consumption of certain foods. No vaccine is available to protect people against Fasciola infection. Preventative measures are primarily treating and immunization the livestock – which are required for the live cycle of the worms. Veterinary vaccines are in development and their use is being considered by a number of countries on account of the risk to human health and economic losses resulting from livestock infection. Other methods include using molluscicides to decrease the amount of snails that act as vectors, but it is not practical. Educational methods to decrease consumption of wild watercress and other waterplants has been shown to work in areas with a high disease burden. In some areas of the world where fascioliasis is found (endemic), special control programs are in place or are planned. The types of control measures depend on the setting (such as epidemiologic, ecologic, and cultural factors). Strict control of the growth and sale of watercress and other edible water plants is important.Individual people can protect themselves by not eating raw watercress and other water plants, especially from endemic grazing areas. Travelers to areas with poor sanitation should avoid food and water that might be contaminated (tainted). Vegetables grown in fields that might have been irrigated with polluted water should be thoroughly cooked, as should viscera from potentially infected animals. Fascioliasis occurs in Europe, Africa, the Americas as well as Oceania. Recently, worldwide losses in animal productivity due to fasciolosis were conservatively estimated at over US$3.2 billion per annum. Fasciolosis is now recognized as an emerging human disease: the World Health Organization (WHO) has estimated that 2.4 million people are infected with Fasciola, and a further 180 million are at risk of infection.